Rich Natural Resources Research Articles

The Impact of Digital Economy Empowerment on Green Total Factor Productivity in Forestry

The digital economy is an important engine for promoting green economic development, and the integration of the digital and real economies can accelerate the transformation of the real economy. In order to explore the multifaceted influence of digital economy on forestry green total factor productivity and its specific presentation form, based on the panel data of 277 cities in China from 2013 to 2019, this paper first used the super SBM model to measure the level of forestry green total factor productivity and adopted the entropy method to measure the level of the digital economy in each region. Secondly, the influence and mechanism of the digital economy on green total factor productivity in forestry were explored by using fixed-effect and intermediate-effect models, and the heterogeneity of the digital economy on forestry green total factor productivity was analyzed based on different regional classification methods. Finally, the spatial spillover effect of the digital economy was explored in depth by the spatial Durbin model. The results are as follows: firstly, there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and forestry green total factor productivity, which first promotes and then inhibits. Secondly, the relationship between the digital economy and the level of urban green innovation shows a positive U-shaped relationship, first inhibiting and then promoting, and can have an indirect impact on forestry green total factor productivity by promoting the level of green innovation. Third, China is still on the left side of the inverted U-shaped relationship between the digital economy and forestry green total factor productivity, i.e., it is at a stage where the digital economy can significantly contribute to forestry green total factor productivity. Fourth, the effect of the digital economy on green total factor productivity in forestry is heterogeneous in the east, central, and west and is more pronounced in regions with faster economic development or rich natural resources. Fifth, the impact of the digital economy on forestry green total factor productivity has a significant positive spatial spillover effect.

Pemodelan Tata Ruang Pekarangan Rumah Tinggal Suku Madura Berbasis Tanaman Edible Lokal

Indonesia has very rich natural and cultural resources. One of them is the uniqueness of one of the islands in East Java, namely Madura. Madura has a different climate from most of East Java, so that allows for different natural resources. Conservation is one thing that can be done to protect biodiversity. Utilization of edible plants or plants that can be eaten is one way. There needs to be a modeling of the Madurese yard based on local edible plants. The method used in this research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach, namely understanding the phenomenon experienced by the research subject as a whole, and describing it. Several plants that have been identified as edible are moringa leaves, Chinese petai, katu, pumpkin, banana cobs and pumpkin leaves which are commonly consumed as daily food. While the people of Madura, who are known for their tradition of drinking herbal medicine, use several plants such as tamarind to mix their herbal medicine. So far, the use of yards in the area of Madura, Bangkalan in particular has grown organically. The results of the yard modeling proposed by the study are the utilization of the back of the long-crop arrangement for planting food crops, this is because only the back can be used as a family yard and use plant as a border.

Evaluation of Practices of Cage Culture in Chandil Dam in Jharkhand, India

Jharkhand, one of the rich natural resources states of India, is endowed with vast fresh water resources in the form of tanks/ponds, reservoirs and dams. Dams in Jharkhand play important role in fish farming, irrigation, power generation and a wonderful tourist place. There are more than 84 dams in Jharkhand of which Chandil dam is one of the popular dams located in the Seraikela-Kharsawan district stands on the Subarnrekha River. This dam has a height of about 56.80 meters and a length of about 720.10 meters. Chandil dam has a catchment area of ​​1,963 square kilometres having a total of 90 cages. Each cage is equipped with 20 batteries to facilitate fish farming. Pangasius and Tilapia are the most preferred species for cage culture in Chandil dam. Each cage contains 4,500 specimens of these fish species. The fish are fed twice daily pellets containing 31% crude protein at 4-6% of their body weight. In 7-8 months, these fish reach a weight of about 1.2 kilogram. The average fish production per cage in the Chandil and its Sanaua dam basins is 4,000 kg. This high productivity contributes to the success of caging, which utilizes large bodies of water and meets the state’s growing demand for animal protein. The fisherman earns Rs.34432 from per cage. It was observed that the cage culture in dam is an excellent way to maximize production potential and make efficient use of large bodies of water. The present study was carried out in Chandil dam with the objective to assess the cage culture practices and fish production status. The assessment was done using the NFDB guidelines of cage culture in inland open water bodies of India using 15 parameters. Interviews with officials of Department of Fisheries and fishers was done to enquire if the guidelines were followed using a 3 point scale. This was corroborated by observation and field visits, so as to adopt the triangulation method.

A REVIEW OF GENUS CROCUS: PHENOLIC, NUTRIENT, MINERAL, ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Plants are a rich natural resource that serve many uses for people. Humans have long relied on plants for a wide range of needs, including sustenance, housing, and health care. People have been looking to nature for medical solutions since ancient times. He accomplished this by experimenting with and repurposing various organic materials. Plants are the most often utilized of these natural resources. Because of the potential for adverse reactions to synthetic medications, there has been a shift in recent years toward a greater reliance on natural goods. As such, it is crucial to learn which plants are active in certain biological processes. Our research focused on the phenolic, mineral, nutritional, and essential oil content of Crocus genus members as well as their biological activity. A number of crocus species have been demonstrated to have medicinal and nutritional value. Antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer research has also seen a surge in recent years. Essential oils and phenolic chemicals are suspected to be present in this plant, making it a potential natural source.

Natural Resources and Conflict: A Dispute of Kurds and the Iraqi Government in Kirkuk

The conflict between the Kurds and the Iraqi government in Kirkuk is not just a political conflict. This article describes how oil resources in Kirkuk can trigger conflict between the Kurds and the Iraqi government. The clash of interests between the two parties is crucial to overcome. The Kurdish referendum support group is determined to depart. Meanwhile, the government defends the Kirkuk region due to its rich natural resources. As a tool for analyzing events, the approach used is the theory of natural resources and violent conflict proposed by Ian Bannon and Paul Collier. The results indicated that Iraq's dependency and weak management of oil export commodities caused the conflict between the Kurds and the Iraqi government. This article, compiled by applying the literature review method, aims to explain the conflict in the Kirkuk region, with natural resources as the object also the Kurds and the Iraqi government as subjects facing each other.

Global Times’ Framing for China’s Noopolitics in the South China Sea

The South China Sea (SCS) is an area of water endowed with rich natural resources and a strategic location for geopolitical interests. As the consequence, China has put the SCS in its list of the Great Rejuvenation Goals. China's modus operandi to attain its SCS ambition has been various in the way. It ranges from making land reclamation and artificial islands, sending citizens to artificial islands and further applying its jurisdiction and administration, conducting military activities, and wielding diplomacy efforts. Another path China undergoes to manifest its maritime empire in the SCS is media framing. This study highlights how China employs Global Times, its state-owned media, to construct the mind frame that the SCS belongs to China. To achieve the objective of the study, this paper use Zhongdang Pan and M Kosicky's framing analysis to identify Global Times' type of framing and qualitative method to seek the intention of the frame. This paper finds that Global Times assist the Chinese government in claiming the SCS by syntactic and rhetorical framing; dominantly quoting pro-China experts/academics/statesman, emphasising 'sovereignty' words and displaying a narration that the SCS belongs to China, using Chinese to name the islands in the SCS, and echoing 'no conflict in the SCS' rhetoric. This study proves that China is also pursuing its South China Sea Dream by exercising noopolitics.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Lokal Melalui Produksi Virgin Coconut Oil Di Dusun Nyama

Geographically, Nyama Yang Hamlet is located on Moa Island, Southwest Maluku Regency, which has very rich natural resource potential, with the potential for coconut plantations. The right skills training can help increase productivity and create jobs. Answering these problems, the main purpose of this community service activity is to provide education and knowledge to the public about the benefits and process of making VCO. This service activity uses a descriptive method whose implementation begins with a preliminary study, mentoring and guidance, processing and production training, marketing, promotion, and evaluation using pretest and posttest to assess program effectiveness. The results of the questionnaire showed that 20 Nyama hamlet residents who participated in the training activities did not know how to process VCO. 3 people or 15% of residents do not know the benefits of VCO. However, after the activity ended, the results of the questionnaire showed that 100% of the residents of Nyama Hamlet were skilled in processing VCO and understood the various benefits of VCO both in daily life and having a high selling value.

Facing South China Sea Dispute: Where Is Asean Single Voice?

South China Sea disputes has become intense in challenging regional stability in Southeast Asia. The strategic location of rich natural resources, for instance, oil and gas has triggered China and other Claimant States in Southeast Asia in exercising their capability mainly in military power to secure their claimed area. China stretched its “Nine-Dash Line” and created an artificial island namely Spartly Island. To date, this unresolved disputed questioning the role of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the leader of regional organisation in dealing with this conflict. The disputes mechanisms have been exercised by ASEAN, for instance, Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) through ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) as well as produced guidance in facing China through Declaration of Conduct (DOC) and Code of Conduct (COC). However, the progress apparently remain insignificant in achieving agreement. This paper examines ASEAN’s leadership in bridging the dispute through assessing the effectiveness of its dispute mechanisms through Confident Building Measures (CBM) as a diplomatic strategy in reaching one single voice in facing China.

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng leaves extract/potassium iodide as a highly sustainable inhibitor for the corrosion protection of steel in citric acid solution

Plants extract inhibitor has the standout merits of low-cost, eco-friendly and rich natural raw resources. The synergism between Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng leaves extract (EASLE) and KI for the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in citric acid (H3C6H5O7) solution was tested in detail by weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The micro-morphology of CRS surface was fully characterized by both scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed to deeply analyze the main bio-active components in EASLE. The results show that either EASLE or KI can moderately inhibits the corrosion of CRS, and their maximum inhibition efficiency values are below 75%. As EASLE is combined with KI, their mixture has a better inhibition of over 90%. There is a synergism between EASLE and KI, and the corresponding synergism parameters are all higher than unity with a highest value of 3.5 for 400 mg L-1 EASLE/ 100 mg L-1 KI at 60 °C. The adsorption of EASLE, KI or EASLE/KI mixture follows Langmuir isotherm, and the adsorption is strengthened for the synergistic mixture. EASLE mainly retards the anodic reaction, while EASLE/KI mixture drastically inhibits both cathodic and anodic reactions simultaneously with a low corrosion current densities of 17.8 µA cm−2. Nyquist graph appears a depressed capacitive loop at high frequencies followed by an inductive loop at low frequencies. EASLE/KI mixture has larger charge transfer resistance (Rt) comparing with either EASLE or KI. Rt values for 500 mg L-1 EASLE, 100 mg L-1 KI and 500 mg L-1 EASLE/100 mg L-1 KI mixture are 464.9, 382.9 and 1068 Ω cm2, respectively. SEM and AFM micro-images clearly confirm that the corrosion extent as well as surface roughness of CRS surface were sharply dropped after adding EASLE/KI mixture. The main bio-active components in EASLE are phenylpropanoids like chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid.

MEDICAL AND HEALTH TOURISM OF KHMELNYTSKYI REGION, CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Health tourism is an important branch of economy for many countries of the world, including Ukraine. This industry of tourism is based on the use of natural resources to preserve and improve the health of tourists. Ukraine has great potential for the medical tourism development. Our country has rich natural resources such as the sea, mountains, forests and mineral springs that can be used for the treatment and health of tourists. In some regions of Ukraine, such as the Carpathians, Polissia, Odesa, medical and health tourism is already developed. The relevance of health tourism lies in the fact that it allows improving the health of tourists, and also stimulates the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the regions where the resorts are located. This contributes to increasing employment and raising the standard of living of the population in these regions. In addition, the development of medical tourism can help reduce dependence on imported medicinal products and increase the export of mineral waters and other natural resources. Tourism is an industry with positive development dynamics in the world, which indicates its stability as a social phenomenon. In Ukraine, a special place is occupied by the development of domestic tourism, which will be especially relevant in the post-war period. It is the development of domestic tourism that will satisfy the touristic demands and contribute to the inflow of funds into local budgets, the creation and preservation of jobs.
 Khmelnytskyi region has many structural components of recreational resources, being a recreational region with many profile recreation. Medical tourism is one of the fastest growing tourism industries in the world. The basic idea is that tourists travel to another country or region to visit local spas, medical facilities, and other facilities to restore health and spiritual well-being. Often, health and medical tourism involves the use of natural healing resources (mineral waters, mud, climatic factors, etc.), medical procedures and specialized means of recreation. Medical tourism is a modern phenomenon that originated in ancient times. People have always tried to use natural resources to improve their health, the invention of transportation and the development of tourism made this process available to more people. The history of health tourism began in ancient times, when people began to use the healing properties of natural resources. Even in ancient times, people used mineral waters, clays, hot springs and other natural resources to treat various diseases. Khmelnytskyi region also has potential for the development of this industry. The region has rich natural potential, as well as historical and cultural attractions, which can be used to create resorts and improve the health of tourists. The relevance of health tourism in Khmelnytskyi region is that it can be one of the effective ways of developing the region. This can help attract investments and increase the level of employment in the region.
 In addition, the development of health tourism can increase the popularity of Khmelnytskyi region among tourists and lead to an increase in income from tourism. One of the advantages of Khmelnytsky region is the presence of mineral springs and healing mud. These resources can be used to create treatment centers where tourists can take courses of treatment and recovery. Also, the region has potential for the development of ecological tourism, for example, the organization of hiking and cycling routes in forest areas and national parks. Khmelnytskyi region has huge diversity reserves of mineral waters.
 Also, many promising deposits of mineral waters are concentrated here. On the territory of the region there are deposits of mineral waters that can be used in the treatment of various diseases. Medical tourism in Khmelnytskyi region has great potential for development. The region has rich natural resources that can be used to create new resorts and spas. In addition, the region is located in a climatic zone with mild winters and warm summers, which creates an opportunity for the development of various types of treatment and recovery. In Khmelnytskyi region there are already resorts specializing in the treatment of various diseases, such as diseases of the heart and blood vessels, respiratory diseases and others. However, in order to make this region more attractive for tourists, it is necessary to develop new directions, such as thalassotherapy, fitness tourism, mental health recovery tourism and others.
 Key words: tourism, therapeutic, health-improving tourism, therapeutic tourism of Khmelnytskyi region.

An Analysis of the Relationship between Immigration and the Development of Resource-based Cities in China - Centered on Daqing and Yichun in Heilongjiang Province

The main objective of this article is to understand the restoration of Northeast China and the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the needs of national construction and economic development, the rich natural resources in Heilongjiang have been rapidly developed. At the same time, a large number of immigrants have poured into the local mining and forest areas due to the attraction of natural resources. When immigrants bring the advanced equipment and cultural customs of the place of immigration into the local area, they also bring a new look to the local development, rapid economic growth and continuous improvement of various infrastructure. Qualitative method is used to accomplish this research study. Through the exploration of the construction, development and migration relationship of the two typical resource-based cities, Daqing and Yichun, we can fully summarize the objective laws of the development of resource-based cities, which can provide theoretical value and practical significance for the revitalization of the old industrial base in Northeast China, the transformation of resource-based cities and the attraction of talents.

Влияние особенностей северо-западной части Черного моря на развитие морской деятельности в регионе

The article highlights a unique geopolitical position and considers the specific features of the northwestern part of the Black Sea including its shallow water, seawater composition, rich natural resources, as well as many transport corridors passing through it. There is carried out analysis of the influence of the specific features on the de-velopment of marine activities in the studied region, development and use of marine resources. Modern ways of the developing international transport corridors and increasing flows of international transit of oil, gas, mineral fertilizers and food allow to consider the northwestern part of the Black Sea as a special transport zone connecting coastal states, as well as the countries of the Caspian and Mediterranean regions with Europe. The factors that make it possible to develop the ports in the region and transport logistics for transportation of goods and passengers between the countries are considered. The role of the significant availability of hydrocarbon reserves in the considered part of the sea in the development of specialized ports and related transport logistics is determined. Analysis of the dependence of the growing intensity of the development of ports and transport logistics on the development of maritime activities for the study, development and use of resources is carried out. It has been inferred about the significant influence exerted by the peculiarities of the north-western part of the Black Sea on the development of maritime activities of the coastal countries including Russia.

Patterns of spread and adoption of millet agriculture along the eastern rim of the Tibetan Plateau: Archaeobotanical evidence from Houzidong, Southwest China (4200–4000 cal. BP)

The spread of domesticated crops has commonly occurred alongside broad patterns of long- and short-distance human movements and culture contact across regions. While exchange across Eurasia along the so-called Silk Road has been much discussed, recent work has revealed increasingly more evidence for early north-south contact along the eastern rim of the Tibetan Plateau. Main points of debate concern the timing and direction of the spread of agriculture and domesticated crops. This paper contributes to these discussions by presenting new data from macrobotanical remains and phytoliths from Houzidong in southwest Sichuan, a Neolithic site on the eastern rim of the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the main crops during the late Neolithic (4200–4000 cal. BP) were foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), with a small amount of rice (Oryza sativa), but that agriculture was overall not a major focus. Rather, the subsistence at Houzidong like at other sites in the region was highly diverse, relying on gathering, hunting, and small-scale cultivation with considerable crop diversity aimed at minimizing the impact of potential crop failure. This paper shows that subsistence practices differed markedly between sites, local populations exploiting the rich natural resources in the respective ecological niches in various ways. We argue that the wide variety of food sources available in southwest China allowed people to mitigate risk but also made them more receptive to new food sources such as plant crops, experimenting with them and adding them to their portfolio. Similar patterns can be seen in the adoption and adaptation of other outside influences with each community picking and choosing what suited them best, thus creating the rich and varied patchwork of highly localized cultural phenomena that came to characterize southwest China.

Mediating role of finance amidst resource and energy policies in carbon control: A sustainable development study of Saudi Arabia

This study examines how best to achieve inclusive sustainable development and meeting of carbon target in Saudi Arabia. With a track record of high economic performance due to its richness in natural resources, specifically oil resources, Saudi Arabia is characterized by heavy economic activities that are anchored on natural resources and excessive energy utilization. Two scientific approaches, non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), are adopted to analyze annual data spanning the period 1990–2019. Also, policy-based variables (financial development, renewable energy and natural resources) are selected for the analyses. Findings from NARDL show that carbon emission (CO2) is reduced by a positive shock to both financial development and renewable energy, and increased by an adverse shock to financial development and renewable energy. However, a positive shock to both economic growth and natural resources increases carbon emission, thereby impacting negatively on the environment. Quantitatively, for every 1% increase in natural resource rent, the environmental quality worsens by 0.093%. Additionally, the country's average CO2 emission level increases by 1.093% for every 1% increase in economic growth, thus lowering long-term environmental quality. Findings from DOLS align with the findings from NARDL, thereby supporting the moderating effects of financial development and renewable energy. The study findings suggest policies based on finance and renewable energy to aid sustainable development.

Policy Inconsistencies and Community Development

Since 1980, rural communities in Zimbabwe have historically suffered poverty and underdevelopment despite being endowed with rich natural resources. The government of Zimbabwe established community share ownership trusts (CSOTs) in 2011 under the Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment Act (IEE Act) to accomplish the beneficiation of locals. Policies are important for they provide consistency and clarity. Under the Act, it was mandatory for companies operating to give back to the community. In 2017, the Second Republic indicated in the Financial Bill that indigenisation terms had been revised and companies would operate with or without CSOTs. This paper advances the argument that Zimplats Mhondoro Ngezi Chegutu Zvimba community share ownership trust (ZMNCZCSOT) has been playing a significant role in community development prior to changes in the IEE Act. After changes, intervention has been minimal, focusing mainly on previously initiated projects. Data was collected using primary and secondary sources; that is, through face to face interviews with key stakeholders and from documentary sources.

River Green Land and Its Influence on Urban Economy, Leisure Development, Ecological Protection, and the Well-Being of the Elderly

The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the green space generated by river water engineering can promote urban development and the well-being of the elderly in high-risk environments. Firstly, quantitative research methods were used to analyze 750 valid questionnaires, and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 statistical software was used for data inspection. We continued to adopt the qualitative research method and collect the opinions of nine respondents according to the results of the questionnaire analysis. The data were then integrated, categorized, summarized, compared, and finally examined by multivariate analysis. The river green land has rich ecological and natural landscape resources and spacious leisure space, creating a comfortable leisure and living environment. This can increase job opportunities, promote community and economic development, and create safe leisure conditions. It can also improve people’s willingness for leisure, increase opportunities for interpersonal communication, and improve the quality of life and happiness of the elderly. If we should strengthen the soil structure of the river, pay attention to ecological conservation, and reduce exhaust gas and noise pollution to provide a more complete leisure space and enhance the contribution of river green space to rural areas and lives of the local elderly.

Two-decade decentralization and recognition of customary forest rights: Cases from special autonomy policy in West Papua, Indonesia

Formally framed as Special Autonomy, the local governments in Papua Provinces have since 2001 been granted substantial authorities, greater than other provinces in Indonesia, to determine the direction of local development. The Special Autonomy was trusted to serve the interests and rights of native Papuans in using their rich natural resources, including forests. For the native Papuans, claims over forests are framed within the context of Tanah Adat or Ulayat (customary land). Analyzing the case of West Papua, this paper asks why hasn't decentralization facilitated formal recognition of customary forests in the province. To answer the question, we conducted reviews of policies and regulations, interviews with government officials (at central, provincial, and regency levels), non-government organizations, leaders & members of customary groups, and direct observation. We found the interplay of explaining factors through our research. First, at the national level, the decentralization policy had not been followed with forest regulatory frameworks supporting it. Forest laws and regulations continued to emphasize the unified legal framework for maintaining (central) state control over forest resources. Second, in implementing the Special Autonomy policy, the local governments at the provincial and regency levels were more focused on other development agendas. They limitedly made recognition of customary forest claims as a policy priority. Drawing from three pilot projects of the recognition of customary forests, support from the local governments for the recognition of customary forests were limited despite normative promises. The Special Autonomy ended in 2021 and it is clear that it has not been used optimally as an avenue to facilitate customary forest claims. Hence, our research raises a question about the future trajectory of customary forests in the province.

Fundamental Understanding and Facing Challenges in Structural Design of Porous Si‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractAs one of the most electrochemical energy storage devices, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) remain the workhorse of the energy market due to their unparalleled advantages. Remarkably, Si‐based materials play a pivotal role in LIBs anodes owing to ultrahigh theoretical capacity of Si and rich natural resources. However, bulk silicon materials are difficult to meet the current commercial demand because of their low conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and huge volume expansion. The construction of porous structures has been acknowledged as an effective way to solve the above issues. Herein, the delicate design of porous Si‐based anode materials including synthetic strategies, the engineering of surface morphology and micro/nano‐structure, and the regulation of different compositions, as well as their applications in LIBs is systematically summarized. Particularly, the fine engineering of different pore parameters for Si‐based materials is on focus. Importantly, the relationship between thick electrodes and tortuosity/porosity, and the structural effect between pores and battery performance are also discussed in depth. Finally, the applications of porous Si‐based anodes in full‐cells and their commercial achievements are briefly described. This review is expected to provide a basic understanding and deep insight into developing porous Si‐based anodes for high‐energy lithium storage.

Study of Cropping Pattern and Profitability Analysis of Major Crops of North Eastern ghats Agro-Climatic Zone of Odisha

"With bountiful of natural resources like fertile soil, organic rich climate and rich heritage, North Eastern Ghats agro-climatic zone of Odisha is one of the most fascinating areas of the state. The North Eastern Ghats region of Odisha spread over Kandhamal, Gajapati, Rayagada, part of Ganjam and small patches of Koraput which endowed with potentially rich natural resources at the same time are subjected to inherent problems. Keeping in mind all the constraints in the existing crop plan the study focused to examine the cropping pattern in both rainfed and irrigated situation, irrigation pattern and fertilizer consumption pattern in the zone and also to determine the cost of cultivation and profitability of major crops of the zone. As cost of cultivation and return information is very much crucial for the farmer to know whether that crop is remunerative for the farmer or not. The study was confined to five major crops of the district, namely, paddy, ragi, maize, blackgram and greengram. The selected crops that were taken together accounted for more than 60% of the gross cropped area of the zone. The study is based on both primary and secondary sources and has made use of the cost of cultivation data from OUAT. Using probability proportional to size method of sampling a total of 120 farmers were selected for the study."

The Role of Press Tours in the Development of Park Recreation Complexes

Recreation is one of the key human needs, as the intensity of life on the planet is quite high. The issue of organizing places for rest is important. The aim of this work was to study the impact of press tours on the development of park recreation complexes. The research involved statistical data analysis and the methodology developed by the State Tourism Administration of Ukraine to determine the volume of tourist activity and attendance. Press tours of park recreation complexes were held on the territory of Ukraine, which has a rich natural tourist resource, while being a country with a low tourism development. It was found that they not only introduce the guests of the complexes into the attractions that exist on its territory, but also enable discussing the current problems with the aim of finding additional sources of funding for their solution. They can help to restore the infrastructure of the complexes and make them more attractive for visitors. Such arrangements contribute to the dissemination of information in mass media, social networks, blogs, as well as in well-known Ukrainian and foreign tourist publications. As a result, this contributes to the attraction of a larger number of visitors, their recreation spending growth because of the extended types of tourist activities on the territory of the complex. Park recreation complexes receive more profit in this way, part of which, along with financing the maintenance of the complex, can be spent on their development. So, it was established that press tours promote the development of park recreation complexes. The results of this study are of practical importance, as they can be used in tourism marketing.