Rich Natural Resources Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Limbah Daun Jati Kering dan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu sebagai Bahan Baku Arang Briket di Desa Bubulan

The Bubulan Village has rich natural resources, one of which is high-quality teak trees contributing to the productivity of teak trees in Bojonegoro Regency. Despite its advantages, teak trees in Bubulan Village hold the potential for economically valuable waste, namely teak leaf waste accumulating in the forest area. Additionally, Bubulan Village is home to wooden furniture craftsmen, and every production process generates wood sawdust waste.This community service aims to empower the people of Bubulan Village in managing this waste through training on the utilization of dried teak leaf waste and wood sawdust as raw materials for charcoal briquettes. The service method begins with partner surveys, followed by reference studies and a simulation of the charcoal-making process by the team. Subsequently, tools for making charcoal briquettes (including the creation of a charcoal stove) are procured. The activities continue with outreach to showcase the potential of Bubulan Village, followed by training on the utilization of teak leaf waste and wood sawdust as raw materials for charcoal briquettes.Representatives from the youth organization (karang taruna), village officials, and 20 residents of Bubulan Village attended this community service. The outcomes of this service include an increase in participants' knowledge about charcoal briquettes made from dried teak leaves and wood sawdust by 49%. The designed and made charcoal stove by the service team functions well. Briquettes made from dried teak leaves ignite more easily but have a shorter burning duration compared to briquettes made from wood sawdust. Further testing is needed to determine the calorific value, ash content, and moisture content of these briquettes, as well as additional tests on the efficiency of the charcoal stove.Written in English with a distance between sentences of 1 space and the number of words between 150-250. The abstract should contain introductions, methods, results and discussions and conclusions (without citation). Avoid using citations in the abstract.

Unlocking Nature's Bounty: Exploring the Ecotourism Potential of Batu Jongjong in Bahorok District, Langkat District

The research on community-based ecotourism in Batu Jongjong Village, Langkat Regency, explores its potential, inspired by rich natural and cultural resources. Located in Gunung Leuser National Park, the village benefits from biodiversity. Aimed at enhancing local welfare through sustainable ecotourism, the study stresses community participation and collaboration among stakeholders. Sustainability concepts, including resource protection, are crucial for long-term contributions. The unique aspect lies in empowering locals and ensuring shared responsibility for resource preservation. Batu Jong Jong Village, despite its potential, requires improvements in accessibility, management, and services for competitiveness. Challenges necessitate collaborative efforts, while opportunities lie in sustainable development, emphasizing economic, social, and environmental benefits. Designated as a tourist village, Batu Jong Jong holds promise for eco-tourism, utilizing its natural resources. Despite obstacles, the village's fertile soil and community involvement present a foundation for sustainable tourism, contributing to its long-term success.

ڕۆڵی هەرێمی كوردستان لە دابینكردنی وزەی وڵاتانی ئەوروپا: توێژینەوەیەک لە دەرفەت و ئاڵنگارییەکان

This research discusses the role of the Kurdistan region in supplying energy to European countries, with the most obvious challenges facing the region in this issue. the variables have been examined in the form of a political-analytical study. this study attempts to answer the following key question: is the Kurdistan region able to meet Europe's energy needs? and what obstacles and challenges does it face in this regard? the study also assumes that despite its rich Oil and Natural gas resources, the Kurdistan region faces many challenges in supplying energy to European countries. to answer this question and hypothesis, the study relied on “analytical methods” and “qualitative analysis”. the study finds that the energy of the region has become of interest to European countries, which is due to the efforts of europeans to find different and alternative sources to meet their energy needs. however, there are many internal and external obstacles in the way of the Kurdistan region in meeting the energy needs of European countries.

The Insights of Neo-Colonial Divorce between Niger and France through Defensive versus Offensive Diplomatic Mechanisms Perpetuated by Continuous Ambitions of Exploration, Expropriation and Exploitation of Natural Resources in Niger 2000-2023

The West African country called Niger is blessed with seven neighbouring countries which surrounded all its frontiers in spite of the fact that it is a landlocked country with no direct access to the sea. The rich natural resources like uranium attracted several Multinational Corporations (MNCs) to set up for the Exploration, Expropriation and Exploitation (3Es). Yet, the country remains one of the poorest and under developed for 63 years after independence but was crowned in the position of Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiatives (HIPC). Unfortunately for France as the main consumer of Niger’s resources through the use of pro-French leaders of the country, the 21st Century was not going to be the same as it recently happened in the previous four decades of the 20th Century. To that effect, a New Generation of West African Leaders (NGWAL) from Mali, Burkina-Faso and Mali individual decided to take the bull by the horns with main objective to overthrow Purported Pro- French Civilian Leaders (PPFCL) in order to end all the mechanisms and networks of neo-colonialism as impediments to National Development and Unity (NDU) which in turns fuelled periods of social unrest and political instabilities since the 1960s. Therefore, Niger was not left out in this neo-colonial dance of the third decade of the 21st Century as it happened in 2023 with strong sentimental feelings in favour of the suffering Nigeriens. The scrutinized of specialized sources of information enable us to use a historical approach with our findings that Niger is on good footing towards new structural developmental agenda without any single dictatorial prescriptions from the neo-colonial men of Western Europe.

Features of the Unpublished Katigbawan Festival Dance of Catigbian, Bohol

The Katigbawan Festival in Catigbian, Bohol, is a celebration deeply rooted in the town's cultural heritage. Among its vibrant components is a dance that encapsulates the spirit and identity of the community. Over the years, cultural practices have undergone transformations, and without careful documentation, the essence of these dances may be lost. In an age of globalization, sustaining local cultural practices is critical to retaining a distinct identity. This study aimed to identify and analyze the distinguishing characteristics of Katigbawan Festival Dance; the symbolism it conveys in the costumes and dance equipment/props used; the purpose of creating the dance; the values demonstrated in the Katigbawan Dance Steps; and the preservation initiatives implemented by the LGU.
 This study utilized qualitative descriptive research method with interview guide questions serving as data-gathering methods. The analysis finds that the Katigbawan Festival's basic dance steps are classified as festival dance, with motions arranged within time signatures of 2/2, 3/4, and 4/4. The research also sheds light on the symbiotic link that exists between the dance steps (Katigbi, Tigbaw, and Kabaw) and the matching costumes and props. These elements contain basic qualities such as thankfulness, ingenuity, power, and hard work. The costume represents the Carabao, also capturing the sense of nature which is the cave and the growth of the plant Katigbi. Dance equipment and props are artfully intertwined throughout the performance to represent the richness of natural resources.

Ball‐Milling Synthesis of Richly Oxygenated Graphene‐Like Nanoplatelets from used Lithium Ion Batteries and Its Application for High Performance Sodium Ion Battery Anode

AbstractThe exploration of waste graphite from used lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and its derivatives for versatile applications is an efficient route to promote the environmental and eco‐friendly recycling of used LIBs. Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are alternative candidates to LIBs mainly due to similar electrochemical mechanism of SIBs to LIBs and rich natural resource of Na. Herein, a holey waste graphite (hGw) with well‐defined porous structure is produced by the annealing of lithiated waste graphite (Li/Gw) from used LIBs under a flow gas of H2O and subsequent lithium leaching in DI water. Benefiting from the holey structure of hGw, holey graphene nanoplatelets (hGnw) with ultrahigh‐level edge‐grafted oxygen groups (≈37.8 at%) are synthesized by mechanical balling of hGw. As anode for SIBs, the hGnw present outstanding sodium ion storage properties with high initial Coulombic efficiency of 82.4%, high reversible capacity (e.g., 416.1 mAh g−1 at 0.03 A g−1), excellent rate capability (e.g., 153.3 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1), and long‐term cycling stability (e.g., 152.7 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1.5 A g−1).

The Nexus of Tourism and Economic Growth in Botswana During the Period of 1995 – 2019

This study examined the casual linkages between tourism and economic growth in the Republic of Botswana from 1995 to 2019. This was inspired by the highly claimed potential of tourism on GDP, against a background where literature cautions that causal linkage relationships are not always direct and obvious, but rather country specific and most likely to change over time. Co-integration and Granger causality were used to assess the causal nexus between the variables. The findings supported a unidirectional causal relationship between GDP and tourism (GDP → TOR) as well as a long-run co-integration between tourism and economic growth. The study findings imply that the country’s rich natural resources may be insufficient to propel tourism growth and drive GDP in the absence of a supportive economic environment. Therefore, the study suggests that efforts to support policy and investments should concentrate more on overall economic development than at tourism per se. This would create an environment conducive for attracting and retaining visitors to the country, and thus boost tourism.

Illegal hunting: history and modernity

Conservation of natural resources and rational use of natural resources is a priority within the framework of the National Security Strategy. In recent years, there has been an alarming trend towards an increase in poaching, especially in regions with a low level of economy and particularly rich natural resources. This article provides a historical sketch of the development of legal norms governing hunting issues and an analysis of modern legislation in the field of hunting. The review of judicial practice of bringing persons to responsibility for illegal hunting is given. A number of preventive methods to combat this crime are also being introduced. Thus, the problem of preventing illegal hunting is complex and requires an integrated approach when studying it. The subject of this work is the analysis and coverage of the history of the emergence and development of hunting legislation. Namely, its applied significance, which became the basis for the design of legal relations in this area. The research is based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, which made it possible to analyze and synthesize knowledge about the evolution of hunting legislation. The method of comparative historical jurisprudence made it possible to determine the nature of legal relations in various periods, starting from Ancient Russia. Previously, the legislation regulating relations regarding hunting resources was of an economic nature and regulated contractual relations in order to obtain benefits. Currently, a large block of legislation is devoted to the rules for the use of hunting resources in order to preserve them, increase them and preserve their role in maintaining the stability of ecosystems. During the analysis, a number of modern acts were examined, which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: today it is advisable to update strategies to combat illegal hunting. It requires significant financial, human and time resources. In addition to the revision of hunting legislation, it is necessary to use new technologies for monitoring and protecting wildlife, as well as active cooperation between various levels and areas of public authority. And also to convey the importance of protecting natural resources, including the protection of wildlife, to the legal consciousness of citizens.

Land Transportation Infrastructure and Economic Growth: An Assessment of the SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan

This Southern African Development Community (SADC), as a regional economic integration organization in Africa, has 16 member countries with rich natural resources and tourism resources, attracting the attention of global investors. Although the region's transport infrastructure is among the leading in Africa, it still lags far behind global standards. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of transport infrastructure in SADC, with a particular focus on road transport facilities within the region. Based on SADC's official "SADC Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan Transport Sector Plan, 2012", this paper evaluates the current situation of its road transport infrastructure and conducts an in-depth analysis of the future road development plan in the plan. This research aims to reveal the challenges faced by SADC at the infrastructure level, and provide a comprehensive and in-depth perspective for policy makers, investors and other relevant stakeholders. At the same time, this study can provide some new ideas for future research and provide new solutions to the problems of transportation infrastructure in the SADC region.

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES OF MICROFINANCE IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH

India is one of the fastest developing countries in the world, yet unemployment and poverty run deeply all over the country. In addition, the Northeastern States of India is considered the most economically backward region of the country, which lack basic banking outreach with low investment prospect. Likewise, despite the rich natural resources and diverse socio-culture, Arunachal Pradesh has failed to grow on par with the other states of the country in terms of education, infrastructure, financial services, and other overall development. The present study attempts to analyze the challenges and issues of microfinance in Arunachal Pradesh and examine the existing scenario of microfinance in the state. The study focuses on the various problems faced by poor individuals and the authorities, which restrict the growth of the microfinance sector. The paper concludes that, despite the slow growth it is an undeniable fact that microfinance has been acknowledged as an effective measure to overcome poverty and attain balanced regional development. Further, the government can add a new dimension to the fight against underdevelopment in rural Arunachal Pradesh by implementing adequate measures to overcome several challenges. KEYWORDS: Poverty, Unemployment, Microfinance, Self Help Group-Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP)

Transformative Dynamics of Youth Involvement in the Just Transition Process: The Case of Active Youths in the Region of Western Macedonia, Greece

Western Macedonia, a region nestled in the northwestern part of Greece, has long been renowned for its rich natural resources, particularly its abundant coal reserves. Τhe imperative to transition away from coal-related industries has brought to light the need for economic diversification. Western Macedonia's heavy dependence on coal mining and energy production has left it vulnerable to the inevitable decline of fossil fuels (Ziouzios, Karlopoulos, Fragkos, Vrontitsi, 2021). To secure its future and ensure the well-being of its residents, the region must identify and develop new economic sectors that align with a sustainable, low-carbon future. However, as the global shift towards sustainable energy production gains momentum -and as the climate crisis shows its harsh face-, Western Macedonia has found itself facing a myriad of challenges that have constrained the initiation of a Just Transition process in regions that were dependent on lignite (Vatalis, Avlogiaris, Tsalis 2022). The transition seeks to address critical issues, such as staggering unemployment rates, the significant brain drain of the region, and the need to diversify its economy away from coal-dependent industries.

Analisis Peran Petani Kopi Sukamakmur Dalam Mewujudkan Kontinuitas Pasokan Kopi Yang Berkualitas Untuk Home Coffee Roastery Bogor

Indonesia has many rich natural resources, especially plantations and agriculture. This country has great potential and is considered the second largest producer in the world after Brazil. In addition, coffee agrotourism and coffee plantations promote sustainable aspects of tourism. Farmers are the main actors who play a role in increasing crop productivity. With demand for coffee increasing every year, how do farmers maintain continuity of coffee supply? This then became the basis for the birth of research entitled "Analysis of the Role of Sukamakmur Coffee Farmers in Realizing Continuous Supply of Quality Coffee for Home Coffee Roastery Bogor". The aim of this research is to analyze the role of farmers in realizing sustainable coffee production. This research brings qualitative closer. The data collection method was carried out by interviewing informants with direct field observation and documentation. The results of this research are seen from the aspect of farmers from the general community group in Sirnajaya Village, Sukamakmur Regency, who succeeded in producing quality coffee beans to supply at Home Coffee Roastery Bogor, by paying attention to the post-harvest process, special training for farmers, and prioritizing specific quality and quantity. Keywords : Coffee farmer, Productivity, Coffee Industry.

The Potential of Tourism Resources and Opportunities for Development of Tourist Services in Uzbekistan

the article highlights the potential of tourism resources and development of tourist services in Uzbekistan, the potential of tourism knowledge, including historical periods, and the ways of their development, in addition to recreational opportunities. Also, the possibility of international tourism not only to introduce Uzbekistan to the world with the potential of rich natural resources, but also to help restore the forgotten historical basis of the country.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ РЕГИОНА НА ОСНОВЕ ОЦЕНКИ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИИ

The article studies aspects of the region’s economic specialization based on an assessment of interre- gional differentiation. The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that interregional differentiation plays a significant role in the formation of regional specialization in the economy. Regions with different levels of develop- ment, access to resources and infrastructure usually develop in certain directions, which leads to the formation of their unique specializations. The uneven distribution of natural resources, labor resources, infrastructure and capital between regions leads to the fact that each region has its own competitive advantages and specializations. For example, a region with rich natural resources may specialize in the extraction and processing of these resources, while a region with developed infrastructure may become a center for logistics and trade. The study of interregional differen- tiation will help identify opportunities for promising regional development based on economic specialization. The subjects of the Volga Federal District are considered as the object of research, special attention is paid to the Orenburg region. The subject of the study is economic, organizational, financial and production relations that arise in the process of economic specialization of a region based on an assessment of interregional differentiation. The purpose of the study is to study the economic specialization of the region based on an assessment of interregional differentiation. The article proposes methodological support for studying the differentiation of regional development (using the example of the Orenburg region) based on methods of comparative and retrospective analysis, as well as rating assessment. It is highlighted that interregional differentiation is a significant factor in the development of economic specialization of the region. The results of the study can be used by scientists for further research in the direction of developing the economic specialization of the region based on an assessment of interregional differentiation.

Cow placenta extract ameliorates d-galactose-induced liver damage by regulating BAX/CASP3 and p53/p21/p16 pathways

Ethnopharmacological relevancePlacenta is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, known as “Ziheche”, which has the function of tonifying qi and blood, nourishing liver and kidney. Placenta extract (PE) has been used for delaying organismal aging and treating various liver diseases. Cow placenta is a rich natural resource with large mass. Its composition is similar to that of human placenta, but it has not been effectively utilized. However, little is known about the effect of CPE on the liver of aging mice. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study is to explore the protective effect and mechanism of CPE on the liver of d-galactose (D-gal) induced aging mice. Materials and methodsStatistical methods were used to calculate mouse body weight and liver index. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect the morphological structure of the liver. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure serum biochemical indicators. Three special staining methods were used to observe hepatocytes apoptosis, senescence and proliferation respectively. Relative kits were used to detect oxidative, inflammatory, and aging markers in the liver. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western-blot were used to detect aging related signaling pathways. ResultsCPE significantly improved the morphological damage and dysfunction of liver, restored the activities of liver enzymes in serum, and alleviated liver oxidative stress and inflammatory response in D-gal induced aging mice. Furthermore, CPE inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis and senescence, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation by regulating BAX/CASP3 and p53/p21/p16 signaling pathways, ultimately reduced the effects of aging on the liver. ConclusionCPE effectively ameliorated the impact of aging on the liver by inhibiting free radical production or scavenging excessive free radicals, and its mechanism is associated to the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation-related factors.

The Impact of Poverty on Northern Nigeria’s Development: A Comprehensive Analysis

Poverty in Nigeria significantly hampers the nation’s developmental progress, with Northern Nigeria bearing the brunt of this socioeconomic issue. Despite the country’s rich agricultural and natural resources and a relatively significant industrial sector, Nigeria remains one of the world’s poorest countries, with up to 70% of its population living in poverty. This paper explores the multidimensional nature of poverty in Nigeria, utilizing data from the National Bureau of Statistics and other sources to provide an analysis and graphical representation of poverty rates. The 2022 National Multidimensional Poverty Index reveals that 63% of Nigerians, or over 133 million people, live in poverty, with a disproportionate impact on Northern Nigeria. Contributing factors include adverse economic policies, regional disparities, and demographic challenges. This analysis underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address the deep-rooted poverty in Northern Nigeria and foster sustainable development across the country. This paper examines the severe impact of poverty on Nigeria’s development, focusing on the acute disparities between Northern and Southern regions. Despite Nigeria’s abundant agricultural and natural resources and a relatively significant industrial sector, it remains one of the world’s poorest countries, with up to 70% of its population living in poverty. Using data from the National Bureau of Statistics and other sources, the paper provides a comprehensive analysis and graphical representation of poverty rates. The 2022 National Multidimensional Poverty Index reveals that 63% of Nigerians, or over 133 million people, live in poverty, with Northern Nigeria experiencing the highest rates. Factors contributing to this include adverse economic policies, regional disparities, and demographic challenges. By integrating multiple sociological theories—structural functionalism, conflict theory, dependency theory, social exclusion theory, and human capital theory—the paper offers a thorough understanding of poverty’s root causes in Northern Nigeria. It concludes with targeted recommendations for interventions to mitigate poverty and promote sustainable development across the country.

The Role of African Indigenous Religion in Natural Resources Conservation among the Ngoni Speaking People of Mpezeni Chiefdom in Chipata District, Zambia

Africa, Zambia in particular, is endowed with a rich and diverse natural resource base on which the livelihood of its people, especially rural constituents, depends. Over the years, traditional African societies have observed environmental religious ethics that have helped in regulating the interactions with the natural environment. However, rural parts of Zambia continue to experience indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources. The objectives of this study were threefold; (i) to investigate the African indigenous religious beliefs and practices used to conserve natural resources by the Ngoni people, (ii) to describe how natural resources are conserved through religious beliefs and practices among the Ngoni people and (iii) to explain how African Indigenous Religious (AIR) beliefs and practices contribute to natural resources conservation among the Ngoni people. The study was qualitative in approach and adopted a case design to address the research questions. The data was collected through guided interviews. The study has established that among the Ngoni, taboos and totems are common beliefs and practices that help in conserving natural resources. The study also revealed that among the Ngoni natural resources are conserved in the form of sacred places such as; graveyards, sacred forests, sacred streams, and sacred animal and plant species. Study findings further revealed that among the Ngoni, things such as; hunting and setting fires in sacred areas, cutting trees for timber, and gathering plants for medicine is strictly regulated and sometimes completely prohibited. The study concludes that, among the Ngoni, African religious beliefs and practices have contributed to the creation of a culture where communities are highly integrated with nature, valuing it, respecting it, and striving to live in harmony with it. The Ngoni AIR beliefs and practices promote conservation of some trees and animal species which would have otherwise been extinct.

International Partnership and Collaboration: Between the Georgia Education System and the Niger Delta Region Utilizing Niger Delta Resources for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development.

This paper explores the potential for international partnership and collaboration between the Georgia education system and the Niger Delta region. By leveraging the rich natural resources of the Niger Delta, such partnerships can foster economic growth and sustainable development. The paper discusses the benefits of shifting from entertainment-based to knowledge-based partnerships, with an emphasis on establishing leadership development centers and inviting subject matter experts for training and capacity building. The paper concludes with recommendations for effective collaboration and sustainable development strategies.

Pomegranate Blossoms, Building a Chinese Dream Together-based on the Investigation and Study of People's Happiness in Ethnic Minority Areas

Taking Guangxi as an example, this paper studies the influence of economic development and people's livelihood on people's happiness in minority areas. Through questionnaire survey and multiple linear regression analysis, it is found that the main factors restricting the development of minority areas in Guangxi are the lack of national technical investment and educational resources, while the advantages of development lie in the richness of natural resources and cultural uniqueness. Economic development has little influence on people's happiness index, while social security, spiritual culture, housing problems and other livelihood issues have great influence on people's happiness. In order to improve people's happiness in minority areas, this paper puts forward some countermeasures, such as actively seeking the participation and support of various forces, vigorously developing the economy, strengthening infrastructure construction, and supporting the development of national culture.

Determination of Black Sea Coastline Length with Oblique Stereographic Projection Using Affine Transformation

The Black Sea basin has rich oil and natural gas resources. As a result, determining the continental shelf in international relations and maritime law is a critical issue for countries with a shoreline on the Black Sea, which is a semi-enclosed sea. Global projections are generally used for the projection of satellites used to image the earth. The use of global projections causes increased deformation in applications in local areas. For this reason, the deformation of satellite images used as a base can be reduced by converting them to the appropriate projection. In this study, the coastline lengths of the countries neighboring the Black Sea were calculated by using remote sensing images and selecting the appropriate cartographic projection due to the aim of minimum map deformation. By using different numbers of control points to determine the six parameters of the 2D Affine transformation used for coordinate transformation, the change in the accuracy of the transformation depending on the number of control points was examined. The Black Sea coastline, which was digitized in the local coordinate system via the MODIS satellite image, was transformed into coordinates in the oblique stereographic projection system with 2D affine transformation. 11 test points were used in the affine transformation parameters calculated using different control points, and root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 6 km on the X axis and approximately 10 km on the Y axis was achieved using 25 control points. As a result of the transformation, the coastline lengths of each country bordering the Black Sea were determined in oblique stereographic projection.