Rice Brands Research Articles

Evaluation of Agro-Industrial by Products as Potential Local Feed for Ruminant Animals: Chemical Composition, Fiber Fractions and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals are considered as source of protein should be improved their productivity with the minimum cost production. Agro-industrial by products have been used as animal feed to reduce feed cost. The purpose of this study is to evaluate agro-industrial by product in Aceh as potential local feed for ruminant animals based on chemical composition, fiber fraction and in vitro rumen fermentation. There were eight sources of agro-industrial by products (sago residues, coconut meal, soybean-ketchup by product, coffee pulp, cacao pod, sago tree, corncob, and rice brand) which were collected from 3 different locations in Aceh. All agro-industrial by product samples were dried at 600C for 24 h and ground to pass a 1 mm sieve. Grounded samples were analyzed to determine chemical composition, fiber fractions and in vitro rumen fermentation. Incubation was conducted at temperature 390C for 48 h in water bath with three replicates. Data for in vitro rumen fermentation were statically calculated by using SPSS differences between treatments were stated (P≤0.05) by using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results indicated that agro industrial by product from coconut meal, ketchup residues, coffee by product, cacao by product, and rice brand can be used as source of protein and industrial by product from sago by product, sago tree and corncob can be used as source of energy. Neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and Acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) were relatively high for sago by product, sago tree and rice brand but relatively low for cacao by product and corncob. The value of incubated pH for most feed samples was in the normal range. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were significantly difference (P≤0.05) each agro-industrial by products with the highest for sago and the lowest for coffee by product. In conclusion, agro-industrial by products had a potential feed for ruminant animals both as protein and energy sources. However, feed ingredients with high fiber content and low degradability, further treatments such as physical, chemical and biological treatments were required to improve the feed quality.

The Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Additive in Physicochemical Property of Rice Brand Methyl Ester: Optimization Analysis

Biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel produced from vegetable oils or animal fats has attracted more and more attention because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. Compared to conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel has slightly lower performance in engine combustion due to the lower calorific value that leads to lower power generated. This study investigates the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an additive to the rice bran methyl ester (RBME). Artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was used for predicting the calorific value. The interaction effects of parameters such as dosage of MWCNTs, size of MWCNTs and reaction time on the calorific value of RBME were studied. Comparison of RSM and ANN performance was evaluated based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the average absolute deviation (AAD) showed that the ANN model had better performance (R2 = 0.9808, RMSE = 0.0164, MAPE = 0.0017, AAD = 0.173) compare to RSM (R2 = 0.9746, RMSE = 0.0170, MAPE = 0.0028, AAD = 0.279). The optimum predicted of RBME calorific value that is generated using the cuckoo search (CS) via lévy flight optimization algorithm is 41.78 (MJ/kg). The optimum value was obtained using 64 ppm of < 7 nm MWCNTs blending for 60 min. The predicted calorific value was validated experimentally as 41.05 MJ/kg. Furthermore, the experimental results have shown that the addition of MWCNTs was significantly increased the calorific value from 36.87 MJ/kg to 41.05 MJ/kg (11.6%). Also, the addition of MWCNTs decreased flashpoint (−18.3%) and acid value (−0.52%). As a conclusion, adding MWCNTs as an additive had improved the physicochemical properties characteristics of RBME. To our best knowledge, no research has yet been performed on the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes-additive in physicochemical property of rice brand methyl ester application so far.

Determination of Arsenic Content in Different Brands of Rice Sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Arsenic, a naturally occurring element seen in the environment and cycled by water has been seen to be a pollutant in soil, water and air. The inorganic form of arsenic is associated with major health problems and cancer mainly arising due to its anthropogenic activities. The content of arsenic was assayed in six rice brands sold in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The rice samples were ground to powdered forms and subjected to acid digestion before analysis. The Agilent Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (MP-AES) was used to analyze the digested samples. Results showed mean arsenic concentration in Vico Rice, the highest as 1.0073. This was followed by Local Rice 0.9420, Marori Benz 0.9140, Golden Stallion Rice 0.861 and the Cap Rice 0.8077 while the least mean concentration of arsenic was recorded in African Princess Rice 0.6417, all in mg/kg. The mean concentration was significantly different in the six brands of rice (P<0.05). The arsenic content in the different rice brand was within the tolerable concentration of 1.4 mg/kg as in cereals and vegetables. This concentration did not exceed the Maximum Permissible Limit of 1 mg/kg hence considered safe for consumption except Vico rice with a higher concentration above 1 mg/kg. This shows that rice brands sold in Port Harcourt pose no health risk for consumers with respect to arsenic content.

Land Conversion and Changes in Agricultural Communities at Cimanuk Subdistrict, Pandeglang Regency

Cimanuk Subdistrict is known with rice brand called “beras cimanuk”, which is a quality rice-producing area in Pandeglang Regency, but land use due to regional development has affected the lives of farmers, especially the younger generation of local farmers. This study aims to see how the conversion of agricultural land has a significant impact on social change in society, especially in the survival of generations of farmers. Data collection was conducted from April to June 2016 with interview techniques involving 21 informants consisting of tenants, landowners, surrounding communities, and agricultural extension agents. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The results of the study concluded that land use change affected the declining role of agriculture in the socio-economic life of the community. the fading of the meaning of agricultural land became a driver in the difficulty of realizing the regeneration of farmers in Cimanuk subdistrict

FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOOTION OF SELECTED BRANDS OF RICE IN AN-NAJAF ALASHRAF PRONINCE FOR THE AGRICULTURAL SEASON 2017

This research was implemented on rice farmers in An-Najaf Alshraf Province. It aims at economic assess of rice brands Jasmine – Anbar 33 – Anbar Albaraka .on random layer sample with ratio of 5% . The research depend, to achieving its targets, on using Cost-Benefit Analysis CBA and ADOPT program to assess these brands and identify how far farmers will be familiar to the best brand. Many conclusions have been achieved. The most important ones maybe: the net retuen which is 331 thousands Dinar/ dunums in case of cultivating the brand. This is higher than the net benefit in case of cultivating jasmine brand which is 289 thousand Dinars/ dunums. The interned rate of return was 1.23 . The standard ratio of benefit to the cost is 1.63% . and this refers that the Dinar invested in cultivating Anbar Albaraka brand will benefit with amount equal to 1.63 Dinar. Results also showed that it is expected to adopt brand of 52% of farmers during a duration of 14.9 years. The programs of ADOPT program have showed that it is expected there will be adaptation for the technology from 52% of farmers within a time duration may be about 14.9 . The sensitivity analysis indicated that there could be decrease or increase in this duration by effecting on number of factors such as short term financial restrictions-simple experimental of brand on limited scale- the degree of technical complexity- average awareness and cognition for farmers in using the brand – finally, the first investment to the annual benefit. So, according to the results, the adaptation of Anbar Albaraka will contribute, when cultivated on a large scale, in improving the standard of living of farmers and achieving part of developing targets in the agriculture sector.

Estimation of total arsenic contamination and exposure in Brazilian rice and infant cereals

Arsenic (As) causes health effects, especially cancer. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) can contain high As concentrations. Using ICP-MS, we quantified the total As (tAs) levels in the main brands of rice (n = 103) and infant cereals (n = 27) consumed by Brazilians. The levels were compared to the maximum limits prescribed by regulatory agencies. We estimated the daily intake (EDI) of As by Brazilians by combining the mean As concentration determined in the white rice samples with per capita daily consumption divided by the average body weight as reported by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics in 2010. The possible health risk for consumers was assessed by calculating the margin of exposure (MOE) as prescribed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Moreover, tAs was determined in 11 pesticides used by Brazilian farmers. The tAs levels in the rice ranged from 0.003 to 1.3 mg kg−1. Approximately 27% of the white rice contained tAs levels above the limit set by Mercosul (0.3 mg kg−1) and 45% were above the limit set by the European Commission (0.2 mg kg−1). In the infant cereals, tAs levels ranged from 0.003 to 0.243 mg kg−1. In the pesticides, tAs levels ranged from 0.005 to 0.315 mg L−1. The EDI showed that, on average, Brazilians consume 4.13 µg As kg−1 BW weekly. In addition, a low MOE was observed, demonstrating that high use of rice presents a risk of high inorganic (iAs) exposure, which represents a public health concern.

Advantages and disadvantages of different pre-cooking and cooking methods in removal of essential and toxic metals from various rice types- human health risk assessment in Tehran households, Iran

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of different pre-cooking and cooking methods on the concentration of toxic (As, Cd and Pb) and essential (Fe, Cu, Co and Zn) metals in widely consumed rice types by Tehran households, Iran. In this regard, a total of 90 samples were obtained from Iranian, Pakistani and Indian rice brands (30 samples from each brand), and were examined in order to determine the concentration of toxic metals including As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, Co and Cu using ICP-OES. Among these rice brands, the most contaminated one was selected in order to evaluate the effects of washing and soaking processes in different time points (1, 5 and 12 h), as well as different cooking methods (Rinsing and Kateh) in reducing the concentration of subjected metals. Nine samples were analyzed for each process, which were 54 samples in total. Our results show that the preparation and cooking methods applied for all rice brands (except for Indian rice) could effectively reduce the non-carcinogenic risk associated with these metals to the acceptable level; however, this is not true about the carcinogenic risk associated with arsenic. Finally, according to our findings it can be concluded that all cooking methods can lead to considerable removal of rice toxic metals (this is partially true about all available rice brands in Iran), however, a large amount of essential metals were also eliminated by these methods. Moreover, after cooking of different rice types in Iran, this food has still carcinogenic risk associated with arsenic.

Substitution of rice brand had the impact on organoleptic properties and nutritional value of yogurt

<p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Latar<strong> Bekalang:</strong> Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara agraris, beras merupakan makanan pokok warganya, dengan setiap tahun mampu memproduksi beras yakni 32 juta ton. Bekatul beras merupakan limbah hasil penggilingan padi yang biasanya digunakan sebagai pakan hewan, sebagai pangan fungsional mengandung banyak zat gizi yaitu protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat kasar dan vitamin B1, namun konsumsinya masih rendah karena kandungan lemak yang tinggi menyebabkan mudah rusak, kurang tahan lama dan berbau tengik, sehingga perlu dilakukan versivikasi pangan guna meningkatkan konsumsi bekatul salah satunya dengan ditambahkan ke yogurt. Yogurt merupakan produk fermentasi susu dengan bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophiles berikut manfaatnya yaitu sebagai sumber kalsium, anti bakteri, untuk mengurangi kolesterol, dan penderita obesitas.</p><p><strong>Tujuan:</strong> Untuk mengetahui pengaruh substitusi tepung bekatul terhadap sifat organoleptik dan nilai zat gizi pada produk yogurt bekatul.</p><p><strong> Metode:</strong> Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan menggunakan RAL (Racangan Acak Lengkap) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 2 kali ulangan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah yogurt bekatul dengan formula yaitu P0 (175 g susu UHT: 0% bekatul), P1 (165 g susu UHT: 5% bekatul), P2 (155 g susu UHT: 10% bekatul), P3 (145 g susu UHT: 15% bekatul). Pada sifat organoleptik (uji kesukaan) yaitu dari rasa, aroma, tekstur, warna dan keseluruhan. Pada analisis nilai gizi yang diukur meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, gula reduksi, dan gula total.</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Berdasarkan pengujian sifat organoleptik atau uji kesukaan yogurt substitusi tepung bekatul pada atribut warna, rasa, aroma dan keseluruhan, yogurt bekatul P1 (165 g susu UHT: 5% tepung bekatul) paling disukai panelis. Dari hasil pengujian nilai gizi yogurt bekatul P3 (145 g susu UHT: 15% bekatul) memiliki kadar abu, protein, lemak dan serat, gula total paling tinggi. Namun kadar air, karbohidrat, dan gula reduksi paling rendah.</p><p><strong> Kesimpulan:</strong> Makin banyak substitusi tepung bekatul, maka makin tinggi nilai gizi yogurt bekatul. Namun kesukaan panelis terhadap yogurt bekatul makin rendah.</p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI:</strong> yogurt bekatul, sifat organoleptik, nilai gizi</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Indonesia is known as an agricultural country, rice is the staple food of citizens, each year capable of producing 32 million tons of rice. Rice bran was a waste of rice mill which is usually used as animal feed, as functional food contains many nutrients such as protein; fat; carbohydrate; crude fiber; and vitamin B1, but the consumption is still low because the high fat content causes easily damaged, less durable, and rancid smell. So, it is necessary to do food diversification to increase bran consumption, such as by addition to yogurt. Yogurt is a fermented milk product from Lactobacillus bulgaricus bacteria and Streptococcus thermophilus along with its benefits as a source of calcium, anti-bacterial, reducing cholesterol, and lowering of body weight.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To know the effect of rice bran substitution on organoleptic properties and nutritional value of rice bran yoghurt products.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was experimental used complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 2 replications. The sample of this research was rice bran yoghurt with formula that were P0 (175 g of milk UHT: 0% bran), P1 (165 g of UHT milk: 5% bran), P2 (155 g of UHT milk: 10% bran), P3 (145 g UHT milk: 15% bran). Organoleptic properties (hedonic test) were analyzed from the taste, aroma, texture, color, and overall; whereas nutritional values measured were moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, reducing sugar, and total sugar contents.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Based on organoleptic properties test in all parameters, P1 formula was most preferred by panelists. However, the highest of protein, fat, fiber content, and total sugar was obtained from formula of P3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The more substitution of rice bran into the yogurt, the higher nutritional value, although the panelist’s preference was getting lower.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> nutritional value, organoleptic properties, rice bran, yoghurt</p>

Analysis of Selected Phenolic Compounds in Organic, Pesticide-Free, Conventional Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Using LC-ESI-MS/MS.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains generous amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and dietary fibers, in addition to secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoids that act as antioxidants. The phenolic compounds detected in rice (organic rice (OR), conventional rice (CR), and pesticide-free rice (PFR)), namely, protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic, and caffeic acids, are notable free radical scavengers. The sum of these phenolic compounds was found to be higher in PFR, followed by CR and OR (p < 0.0001), when the rice types were classified based on the farming system employed. In addition, significant differences were observed in the p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels for the OR and CR groups compared with the PFR groups (p < 0.01). Furthermore, greater quantities of p-coumaric acid were found in CR-08 and OR-02, although these groups contained overall higher and lower sums of phenolic compounds, respectively. Moreover, significance was observed in the sum of the phenolic compounds, although only small quantities were found in polished rice. Further research is thus required to provide a clearer picture regarding the phenolic profiles of different rice brands.

Radiation dosimetry of some rice types consumed in Basrah Governorate/Iraq by using thermoluminescence technique and SAM940-2G

This research is monitoring and exploring the evaluation of dose levels and determination of the specific activity of natural and artificial radionuclides in different rice types consumed in Basrah/Iraq. This study was the first radiological study focused on the comparison of dose rates and radiation risk indices measured using thermoluminescence technique and SAM940-2G. The activity determination of selected radionuclides was carried out by using SAM940-2G running remote applications and performing quantitative analysis. The specific activity values of U-238, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 ranged as (0.051 ± 0.011–0.529 ± 0.003) Bq/kg with an average (0.239 ± 0.161) Bq/kg, (0.006 ± 0.003–1.225 ± 0.002) Bq/kg with an average (0.293 ± 0.398) Bq/kg, (31.763 ± 0.001–437.233 ± 0.0004) Bq/kg with an average (157.807 ± 147.194) Bq/kg and (0.119 ± 0.004–0.784 ± 0.002) Bq/kg with an average (0.444 ± 0.235) Bq/kg, respectively. Several hazard indices have been calculated for all rice samples involved in this study. All results have agreed with those described in previously published studies, and all these obtained results have been identified the radiation to be below the worldwide limit values. Thus, consumed rice brands in Basrah governorate are radiologically safe, in particular R2 sample which is classified as the brand safest from radiation risk.

Assuring food safety and traceability of polished rice from different production regions in China and Southeast Asia using chemometric models

A novel strategy combining elemental analysis-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) and inductively plasma coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis with chemometric data-processing was applied to differentiate polished rice from different growing regions in China with rice imported from Southeast Asia (Thailand and Malaysia). Seven stable isotope ratios (i.e. δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O, 87/86Sr, 207/206Pb and 208/207Pb) and 25 multielemental concentrations (Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Rb, Ag, and Cd, etc.) were assayed and used to establish principal component analysis (PCA) and step-wise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) modeling to determine the rice's geographical origin. The prediction accuracies were cross-validated, and “blind sample” tests were all higher than 90.0% for rice samples from different production areas in China and 85.0% for rice imported from Southeast Asia, respectively. The high level of geographical traceability when combining stable isotope and multielement fingerprints with chemometric data-processing provides a promising tool to assure the origin of Chinese polished rice. This authentication method protects premium rice brands, combats commercial fraud, and quickly locates the origin of contaminated Cd rice to add verifiable food safety measures for consumers.

Levels of Heavy Metals in some Commercially available Rice on the Liberian Market

Human activities such as agriculture, mining, urbanization and waste disposal can lead to heavy metals contamination of food crops, including rice meant for human consumption. In an effort to ensure quality and safe food consumption, this study determined the levels of toxic heavy metals, Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg) and Nickel (Ni) in rice brands widely consumed in Liberia. Hg was determined by AAS technique using a Lumex RA-915M portable Zeeman Automatic Mercury Analyzer. As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni were determined by ICP-MS technique using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg and Ni concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 18.1, 4.8 to 117.9, 50 to 424.5, 1.1 to 37.1, 1.1 to 9.4 and 15.1 to 655.2 µg/kg respectively. The study revealed no significant statistical variability in the metal concentrations between the locally cultivated and imported rice, except for As (P = 0.002). The levels of As, Cd, Pb and Hg in all brands were below the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization guideline values. Cr and Ni levels were also below the European Commission Guidelines for all rice brands analyzed. The results imply that although the rice brands analyzed contain low heavy metal concentrations, the levels are unlikely to cause adverse health effects to the consuming populace.

Risk assessment and exposure to levels of naturally occurring aflatoxins in some packaged cereals and cereal based foods consumed in Accra, Ghana.

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungal origin that contaminate agricultural commodities before, during and after harvest periods. A total of fifty-three (53) different foods (27 rice brands, 20 cereal based food brands and 6 pasta brands) were randomly obtained from the market and assessed for their different aflatoxin constitution (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) as well as the total levels of the aflatoxins using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. For the rice grain category, RS4 recorded the highest aflatoxin quantities of 65.77, 19.27, 1.02 μg/kg for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 respectively and a total of 86.06 μg/kg which significantly differed (p < 0.05) from the other brands of foods. For the cereal based food category, CBS11 recorded the greatest quantities of 35.46, 4.92, 3.39 and 0.32 μg/kg for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 respectively and a total of 45.1 μg/kg. For the pasta category, PS1 recorded the greatest quantities of 0.94 and 0.85 μg/kg for AFB1 and AFB2 respectively. Total aflatoxin quantities detected in some foods were above the acceptable limits set by the European Union which makes them unsafe and dangerous for human consumption. Recorded Estimated Daily Intakes (EDI) and Hazard Indices (HI) values were in the range of 3.9 × 10-3 - 0.899 and 3.9 × 10-4 - 0.0899 respectively. The risk was low since HI values obtained were less than 1.

A preliminary health risk assessment of heavy metals in local and imported rice grains marketed in Trinidad and Tobago, W.I.

Within recent times, heavy metal contamination in rice (Oryza Sativa) has been of growing concern particularly due to its implications on human health via consumption. Twenty-one different brands of rice marketed in Trinidad and Tobago were investigated for their heavy metal content (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Lead was not detected in any of the samples, while both Cadmium and Nickel were detected in only one sample each at 0.27 and 1.79 µg/g, respectively. The average metal concentrations decreased in the following order: Zinc > Manganese > Copper > Chromium with concentrations ranging from 1.00–4.35, 1.72–29.92, 5.87–43.56 and 0.06–1.16 µg/g, respectively. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values for all samples were less than one, indicating no risk of non-carcinogenic effects to consumers.

Human health risk assessment for some toxic metals in widely consumed rice brands (domestic and imported) in Tehran, Iran: Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of widely consumed rice brands in Tehran, Iran with three heavy metals: arsenic, lead, and cadmium. To this end, 250 rice samples were collected and 90 samples out of them were analyzed using ICP-MS. Finally, human health risk assessment were performed. Our results showed that the average of lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentrations in Indian rice type was significantly higher than Iranian and Pakistani types (P < 0.05). Among the three metals, the highest impact on the total value of non-carcinogenic risk was related to As. In addition, the non-carcinogenic risk value only for the Indian rice type, was above the permitted level (1.0). Also, we found that the carcinogenic risk of arsenic in all three rice types was higher than the acceptable limit (10-4). According to findings, special attention should be paid to reducing arsenic especially in Indian rice through interventions.

Selection of green super rice (GSR) with high yield, good qualities, and adaptation to climate condition in Phu Yen province (Part one)

It's very important and urgent to select the green super rice (GSR) variety which can adapt to climate changes in Vietnam. Phu Yen rice is the main granary of the South-Central Coast, with the area of two-crop rice of nearly 52,000 ha. The production of high-productivity, good-quality and climate-smart rice to make the high-quality rice brand for Phu Yen is very urgent and important. The project "Selection of Green Super Rice (GSR) variety of high-productivity, good-quality and climate condition adaptation in Phu Yen Province" implemented by Phu Yen Center for Plant Breeding and Technology. The contents of the study included: basic experiment, production experiment, establishment of demonstration models of trial production of two new rice varieties, selection and experiment for development of rice cultivation techniques for Tuy Hoa delta area. This report presents part 1: Results of basic experiment of the green super rice (GSR) variety in Phu Yen province. The basic experimental materials included 12 selected rice varieties and 9 green super rice varieties GSR36, GSR38, GSR54, GSR63, GSR90, GSR84, GSR89, GSR90 and GSR131 and two promising rice varieties Nam Uu 1241, Nam Uu 1245 and ML 48, known as the most common control rice variety in the locality. The study focused on six formal experiments implemented over three crops (winter - spring crop 2015, summer - august crop 2015 and winter - spring crop 2015-2016) in the intensive cultivation area, Hoa An Agricultural Variety Farm and Hoa Dong Agricultural Variety Farm, Phu Yen Province. Experimental method was implemented in accordance with National Technical Regulation QCVN 01-55: 2011/BNNPTNT Experiment on value of cultivation and use value of rice varieties. The six basic experiments over three crops contributed to the selection of 4 GSR65, GSR90, GSR38, Nam Uu 1245 rice varieties with high-productivity, good-quality, good agrobiological features, short growth time (A1), low pest infestation for production experiment and construction of demonstration model in farming field in Phu Yen province.

CONSUMERS’ ACCEPTABILITY OF LOCAL RICE BRANDS IN NIGERIA. WHICH MARKETING FUNCTIONS REALLY MATTER?

With an average annual import bill of USD 300 million,Nigeria is the Africa’s largest rice consuming and importingcountry. This has been attributed to the poor qualityof locally produced rice. Despite huge investments of overUSD 1.65 billion made by government and private sectorsin rice processing over the last six years – which has led todramatic improvements in the quality of local rice brands –the consumers’ preference for imported rice brands persists.Prioritizing the implementation of consumer demand-focuseddomestic marketing policies and programs could encouragethe consumers’ acceptability of local rice brands. Therefore,this study attempts to provide some insight, from the consumerperspective, on the local rice marketing managers’ need toimprove their functions. A binary logistic model was estimatedusing a 2014 dataset collected from a survey with 460 riceconsumer households in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT)of Nigeria. The results showed empirical evidence for the consumers’acceptability of local rice brands in Nigeria and theneed for improvements in marketing functions that enhancethe promotion and distribution of local rice brands. The implicationsof these findings for the development of Nigeria’s ricemarketing policy are discussed.

Multi-element rice grains analysis by ICP OES and classification by processing types

As major food staple, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is cultivated in irrigated fields absorbing widely trace elements wich may or may not migrate during processing types. Thus, we aimed to evaluate five national rice brands found in local market, in order to verify concentration of elements As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Tl and Zn, presenting the differences and migration patterns between brown, parboiled and polished rice for each brand. Data were evaluated using ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey and PCA. The two major components presented 94.33% variance, indicating strong differentiation in samples by their processing types from their mineral composition. K is widely distributed over the grain, Mg, Fe and Ba are more distributed in the outer layers being more susceptible to loss, and Ca, Sr and Zn are more sensitive to the parboiling hydrothermal process.

지역 특성을 담은 쌀 브랜드 디자인에 대한 연구 -신안군 쌀 섬섬옥미 브랜드 디자인개발을 중심으로-

지역 특성을 담은 쌀 브랜드 디자인에 대한 연구 -신안군 쌀 섬섬옥미 브랜드 디자인개발을 중심으로-

Price Competitiveness of Korean Rice Exported to China and a Case Study on Korean Rice Brands in the Chinese Rice Market

Price Competitiveness of Korean Rice Exported to China and a Case Study on Korean Rice Brands in the Chinese Rice Market