Rice Brands Research Articles

Development of probiotic from “bassi” a chhattisgarhi fermented food containing suitable antioxidant values

Fermented food is the sources of probiotic bacteria with good antioxidant properties. The present study is focused on “Bassi” a traditional fermented food of Chhattisgarh. The methodology was designed on preparations of “Bassi” samples with four different rice brands by using two different sources of microorganisms whereby, Yoghurt and Brewer yeast were considered. Estimation of Ascorbic Acid, Phenolic contents, Flavonoids and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) were then performed by using UV spectrophotometric assay. Resulting Brown rice with yoghurt showed higher values, where Ascorbic acid, Phenolic contents, Flavonoids and FRAP were recorded as 197.58±0.836, 196.66±0.823, 168.22±0.723 and 195.22±0.842 g/ml, respectively. Comparatively, lower results were recorded with Red Rice and Kali mooch rice followed by Government rice samples which showed lowest result. In conclusion, Bassi showed the signifcant values of antioxidants; consequently, it could be a good alternative fermented food of other probiotics supplements available in the market.

Pola Aktivitas Enzim Lakase, Selulase, dan Xilanase Pada Masa Pertumbuhan Budidaya Jamur Tiram Putih [Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.

Recently, Pleurotus ostreatus has become the most cultivated edible mushroom in Indonesia because of the simple in cultivation. Pleurotus ostreatus easy to grow in a medium contained sawdust as a main substrate, with the addition of rice brand, corn flour, lime and gypsum. Mushroom production is bioconversion process which involves the activity of lignocellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, cellulase, and xylanase. The aim of this study was to reveal the pattern of laccase, cellulase, and xylanase activity during the growth of P. ostreatus on the sawdust medium. The results show that the highest laccase activity was obtained on the 15th day after spawn inoculation (ASI) of 0.66 Unit and decline sharply after the day of 45th ASI until the day of 75th ASI. Furthermore, the similar pattern with difference on the time incubation was obtained on the activity of cellulase and xylanase. It was decrease after the day 30th ASI. The highest activity of cellulase was 0.51 Unit on 30th day of ASI and decrease gradually until the day of 75th ASI. Furthermore, the highest activity of xylanase was on 30th day ASI of 0.34 Unit and decrease sharply until the day of 75th.

KESEDIAAN MEMBAYAR LEBIH TERHADAP BERAS ORGANIK DI TRANSMART ICONMALL GRESIK

Public awareness of a healthy lifestyle makes organic products in great demand, including organic rice. The willingness to pay consumers for a good or service is determined by the desire of each individual or household who tries to maximize is utility with certain income and will determine the amount of demand for goods or services to be consumed. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the factors that affect the willingness to pay consumers for organic rice. The research was conducted at Iconmall Gresik Transmart. The sample of this research was 40 people with the criteria that they had bought at least once organic rice products and were at least 17 years old. The data used in this research include primary data and secondary data. Data analysis used is contingent valuation analysis. The results showed that organic rice consumers are willing to pay more for all types of organic rice brands sold on Iconmall Gresik Transmart, where the total average for the type of Hotel Beras Kepala Super brand is Rp 33.214,286, Pure Green Pandan Wangi is Rp 41.444,445, Hotel Beras Merah Premium is Rp 36.181,817, dan Tropicana Slim Panino is Rp 39.096,001. DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/adv.v9i2.2460

Consumers’ Perception and acceptability of Nigerian rice in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

The study examined consumers’ perception and acceptability of local rice brands produced, processed and packaged in Akwa Ibom State. The target population for the study comprised all the local rice consumers in the various households of the study area. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting 340 respondents for the study. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire and analysed using, means, standard deviation and rankings. Findings showed that consumers’ perception of local rice in the study area was highly positive. The respondents perceived that local rice is tasty ( x̄ =3.63), both the rich and the poor have access to local rice ( x̄ =3.63), the rice has high nutritive contents ( x̄ =3.56) and is cheaper when compared to foreign rice ( x̄ =3.54). Also, respondents demonstrated good level of acceptability of local rice with an index value of 0.4029. Since the perception of the respondents promotes acceptability of the locally produced rice, more should be done to promote the positive perception while increasing acceptability level of the respondents through improvement of the quality of local rice produced by the state, product availability, advertisement, brand promotions and of course improved packaging of the rice products.
 Keywords: Perception of Nigeria rice, acceptability of local rice in Akwa Ibom State

Additives and soy detection in powder rice beverage by vibrational spectroscopy as an alternative method for quality and safety control

Rice beverage is one of the most consumed plant-based milk alternatives and it is considered a healthy food. However, many products have in its composition food additives that could change the beverages characteristics. In this study, for the first time, the applicability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and multivariate analysis were evaluated for additives detection (starch, maltodextrin, polydextrose, soy soluble extract) in powder rice beverages (PRB). The vibrational spectra did not present relevant differences for samples of PRB pure or with additives. An exploratory analysis (PCA) distinguished the samples according the rice brands used for beverage processing. Moreover, PLS-DA methods performed were able to go further the discrimination of rice brands and reach the main differences between a PRB with or without additives, by applying variable selection according the loadings, iPLS and VIP scores. The best models were obtained with MSC + MC and loadings variable selection with sensitivity and specificity higher than 92%. The results showed that NIR associated to chemometric tools was appropriate for discrimination of PRB added or not with additives and could be used to quality control related to beverages composition and safety associated to presence of allergenic, with ability to replace the traditional methods, especially in a screening step.

Exposure to heavy metal contamination and probabilistic health risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulation: a study in the Southeast Iran.

The rice contamination to heavy metals and its associated health risks have been less addressed in the southeast of Iran. In the present study, in the mentioned region, we assessed the concentration of nine elements in rice, and the health risk related to the measured elements was determined using the data which were gathered by a questionnaire. For this purpose, 36 samples of the 12 most widely consumed rice brands were collected. Using ICP-MS, the concentrations of Ni, Cr, Hg, Sr, Mn, Fe, Se, Ba, and Zn were measured in the studied samples as 0.599 ± 0.124, 0.483 ± 0.28, 0.0157 ± 0.005, 0.85 ± 1.307, 11.5 ± 1.97, 178.46 ± 67.27, 0.212 ± 0.083, 0.845 ± 0.62, and 8.416 ± 1.611mg/kg, respectively. We found that, regarding the other studies, the levels of Ni, Cr, Hg, Fe, and Ba were higher. Besides, using 258 distributed questionnaires among citizens, the daily rice consumption was determined to be 295.66 ± 171.005g/person/ day. Based on this consumption rate and Monto Carlo uncertainty simulation, Fe (0.741 ± 0.54mg/kg/day) and Se (8.95E-04 ± 6.33E-04mg/kg/day) showed the highest and lowest daily intake, respectively. Also, using Hazard Quotient (HQ), the non-carcinogenic risk effects of the surveyed elements were estimated. The obtained results of HQ revealed that Fe (2.48) and Mn (1.06) could pose non-carcinogenic health risks to consumers. Moreover, the calculated hazard Index showed that the overall health risk of the surveyed elements is in an unsafe range.

The Influence of Regional Association of Agri-Food Brands on Brand Choice- Focusing on the Package Design of Rice Brands -

The Influence of Regional Association of Agri-Food Brands on Brand Choice- Focusing on the Package Design of Rice Brands -

Condition of Rumen Fermentation as Impacted by Supplementation of Fermented Rice Brand Using In Vitro Gas Production Technique

Methane is one of the gases produced by ruminants during feed fermentation in the rumen. This experiment was aimed to investigate the production of monacolin K in rice bran fermented by Monascus purpureus mold and the influence of the supplementation of fermented rice bran using Monascus purpureus mold on elephant grass basal diet on fermentation products and methane production in an in vitro gas production method. The study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment analysis of monacolin K production in fermented rice bran using Monascus purpureus. Fermentation is done by the addition of Monascus purpureus at levels 0, 4, 8, and 12% (v/w) of substrate (rice bran) with 3 replications. Monacolin K in the substrate was analyzed using HPLC. The second experiment was the evaluation of supplementation of fermented rice bran to elephant grass basal diet using in vitro gas production. The treatment diet evaluated were Pennisetum purpureum (control), Pennisetum purpureum:rice bran (1:1 ratio), and Pennisetum purpureum:rice bran fermented. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Results from the first experiment shows that rice bran with the highest monacolin K content was in rice bran fermented at 12% by Monascus purpureus. Result from the second experiment showed that supplementation of fermented rice bran to Pennisetum purpureum basal diet did not affect rumen ammonia concentration, VFA, protein microbial production, and dry matter and organic matter digestibility. However, methane production (CH<sub>4</sub>) was reduced (P<0.05) by 50%, and the protozoal population was decreased (P<0.05) by 80%. It is concluded that supplementation of fermented rice brands containing monacolin K was able to reduce methane production and the protozoa population without affecting feed fermentation.

Comparative Study of Three Rice Brands’ Quality through Measuring Broken Rice Percentage using Sortex A ColorVision (Buhler) Optical Sorters

This study is focusing on comparing three rice brands quality in determining the percentage of broken rice by using the ejection system method. Broken rice is referred to rice grains broken into smaller pieces in length and could adversely impact rice quality and marketing price. Generally, conventional methods using micrometers to separate broken rice from normal rice are used to determine broken rice percentage. However, these methods are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, this study was set to employ an ejection system method by using Sortex A ColorVision optical sorter machine to compare the quality of three rice brands (Jati, Cap Rambutan and Faiza Emas) in terms of their broken rice percentages. The broken rice ratios were measured three times and expressed as average values. The Sortex A ColorVision optical sorter could deliver an acceptable efficiency in optical sorting. The sorter uses up to two types of visible wavelengths, where it allows for excellent detection by color, shape, and length of an object. Hence, the Sortex A ColorVision could successfully determine the percentage of broken rice. According to the results obtained, among the three rice brands investigated only Faiza Emas rice brand was found to meet the requirements set forth by the government of Malaysia for broken rice percentage which is the maximum of 5% for packed rice. While the broken rice percentage in Cap Rambutan and Jati rice brands were stood at 7% and 13%, respectively. As a conclusion, the Sortex A ColorVision Optical machine sorting rice was found as a rapid reliable method to determine broken rice percentage and to compare commercial rice brands on the market.

The impact of brand positioning and knowledge on attitude towards brand and purchase intention: A study of organic rice in Ho Chi Minh City

The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of factors of brand, including Brand Positioning, Brand Knowledge, Attitude towards Organic Rice Brand, and Organic Rice Purchase Intention. The survey was conducted with a sample of 224 consumers shopping at four organic rice shops in Ho Chi Minh City. The research was performed by quantitative research methods: Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirm Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research results were conducted in two direct models and the indirect models in which the indirect model was supported. This means that brand positioning and brand knowledge had no direct impact on the Intention to buy organic rice, but only an indirect one through the consumer attitude towards the organic rice brand.

Composting of tannery waste with cow manure and rice bran

The tannery waste contain utilizable nutrients and toxic organic compound which might affect soil processes and plants growth, and pathogens which might pose a threat to the local environmental communities. The study was designed to investigate the development of tannery waste collected from Unique leather finishing company Sharada, Kano, Nigeria, to compost Cow manure and Rice bran. Tannery waste was composted with cow manure and rice brand for sixty (60) days to reduce pathogens and toxic organic compounds. The compost was characterized by electric conductivity (EC) of 10.11µs/cm, pH of 7.62 and Carbon-Nitrogen (C: N) ratio of 28.8. The total concentration of Chromium, Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc and Iron as mg/kg were 57.2, 0.92, 12.50, 60.50, 13.60 and 1101.00 respectively. No Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were detected in the compost, however, total bacterial counts decrease from 8.2 x108 cfu/g to 1.8 x106 cfu/g, the compost characteristics indicated that it was mature, and the germination index of the beans seed was 80% which may suggest the removal of most of the phototoxic compound.
 Key words; Composting, Heavy metals, Organic matter changes, Pathogens, Tannery wastes,

Consumer Preference of Packaged Rice and Bulk Rice in Surabaya

Abstract This study aims to analyse consumer preference on the attributes of rice and describe the comparison of performance of packaged rice and bulk rice in the eyes of urban consumer. The method of this study uses survey on 100 respondents chosen purposively. The primary data that is obtained is analysed quantitatively using the attitude multi-attribute model from Fishbein. Based on the analysis result, it is known that expiration clarity is a positive attribute in both packaged rice and bulk rice, followed by the ease of obtaining in the bulk rice, and the contents in the packaged rice. The attributes with positive value indicates the key factor that determine consumer’s assessment in choosing certain rice brand. From the semantic differential comparison, it is found that branded packaged rice is generally better in attributes compared to bulk rice. According to the results, the efforts to increase rice agro-industrial in local farmer level are recommended, so that they can enjoy the benefits of the multi-attributes attached in the branded packaged rice that they produced.

Assessment of Rice Marketed in Iran with Emphasis on Toxic and Essential Elements; Effect of Different Cooking Methods.

Rice is one of the most valuable nutrients in the diet of most people in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various pre-cooking (washing, soaking) and cooking processes (traditional and rinse) of rice on the amount of toxic and essential elements in the various brands of rice in Iran and assessing human health risks from their carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. For this purpose, totally, 144 sample sizes were examined from three brand (Iranian (n = 48), Pakistani (n= 48), and Indian (n = 48)) in order to the amount of toxic and essential elements using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The results showed that pre-cooking processes such as washing and soaking in the rinse method were significantly effective in removal toxic metals than the traditional method, so that the most changes were observed for potassium and aluminum metals. The estimated daily intakes of copper, magnesium, manganese, iron, and zinc in different cooking methods were 1.19-1.2%, 0.29-0.32%, 1.01-1.23%, 0.4-0.98%, and 0.9-1.32%, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the rank order of toxic metals of cooked rice based on target hazard quotients value was arsenic > chromium > cadmium > mercury > lead > aluminum, respectively. The result of cancer risk probability was lower than the safe risk limits (1E-4), representing no remarkable cancer risk probability that was due to ingestion of rice for adults and children in Iran. According to the this results, it is recommended to use the rinse method due to further reduction of metals especially toxic metals for rice samples, although the amount of essential elements was also removed by this method.

Determinants of consumption preference of local versus imported rice brands in Enugu State, Nigeria

This study examined the determinants of consumption preference of local versus imported rice brands in Enugu State, Nigeria. In Nigeria, rice is a cereal crop widely accepted and consumed as a staple crop both in urban and rural areas. Both imported and local brands are widely accepted, but there appears to be a hidden stereotype guiding consumer preference of each of the brands which this study wants to unveil. The research is set to examine consumption preference of the different brands of rice consumed and examine the preferred attribute of rice quality. Results are based on a questionnaire survey conducted among 106 consumers across twelve communities in six local government areas and three agricultural zones in Enugu State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and semantic differential scaling were used to analyse the data. Rice quality (75.7%) and packaging (71.4%) were the reasons consumers gave for their preference of the local rice brand and imported rice brand, respectively. The attribute that makes consumers prefer local rice brand include availability (x = 1.8), taste (x = 1.0), swelling capacity (x = 1.5), and minimal use of ingredients (x = 2.3). Consumers of imported rice brand prefer the brand because of its cleanliness (x = 2.3), full grain size (x = 2.5), and ease of preparation (x = 1.8). This study therefore was necessary to unravel the determinants of this preference for strategic policy decisions that may guide improvements in the production, processing and marketing of local rice brands for obvious positive contributions to the national income and gross domestic product.Keywords: consumer preference, local rice brands and imported rice brand

Aspergillus niger Str 3 and Neurospora sitophila for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation

The use of phytase as a feed supplement is getting popular. However, the production system of this enzyme should be optimized to reduce production cost. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of 10 fungi isolates i.e., Aspergillus niger (5 isolates), and Neurospora crassa InaCC F226 to produce phytase, and select best phytase producer for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation. A. niger Str3 and N. sitophila produced phytase of 4.6 and 3.4 unit respectively were selected for phytase production owing to its ability to produce phytase in submerging fermentation with glucose as the primary carbon sources. These potential isolates were then used for phytase production on coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand in solid-state fermentation. The effect of inoculants type, initial moisture content, and additional carbon sources were evaluated to obtain the optimum condition for phytase production. Media contained coconut oil cake supplemented with rice brand at a ratio of 20 to 50% could be used for phytase production. Initial moisture content and incubation time affect phytase production. Optimum initial moisture content was about 60-70%. This work concludes A. niger and N. sithophyla were good inoculant for phytase production using formulated media contained coconut oil cake and rice brand in solid-state fermentation.

Geographical variation of cadmium in commercial rice brands in Bangladesh: Human health risk assessment.

Food, including rice, is the major source of toxic element cadmium (Cd) for human exposure. Globally, many populations rely on the consumption of significant amounts of rice as a staple food. Using dietary intake and concentration of Cd, this study determines the risk posed to both adults and children due to Cd exposure from consumption of rice sold in Bangladeshi markets. Polished rice samples (n=144) were collected from the markets of 16 districts of Bangladesh to determine the distribution, regional variability and associated health risk from Cd. The mean and median concentrations of Cd in rice were 44μg/kg and 34μg/kg, respectively, ranging between 1 and 180μg/kg, dry weight. The Cd concentrations of the rice samples did not exceed the safe limit of EU/CODEX but 9% exceeded the safe limit of FSANZ (Food standards Australia New Zealand) values. Results indicated that there were significant variations of Cd among (33%) and within (67%) the districts. Some rice brands such as Najirshail, Katarivogh and Chinigura had Cd levels of 81, 70 and 68μg/kg, respectively. Cadmium ingested on a daily basis ranged between 0.09 and 0.58μg/kg body weight (bw) with the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for individuals varying between 1.35×10-3 and 8.7×10-3 in different districts. The age groups (2-5yrs) and (6-10yrs) experienced higher risks than others and both males and females were found to be susceptible from Cd exposure of rice.

Evaluation of agro-industrial by products as potential local feed for ruminant animals: volatile fatty acid and NH3 concentration, gas production and methane emission

Due to high cost of conventional feed, the use of agro-industrial by products has been widely known as alternative for animal feed. The aims of this experiment is to get information about the potency of agro-industrial by product in Aceh that can be utilized as feed for ruminant animals based on volatile fatty acid concentration, gas production and methane emission. Eight kinds of agro-industrial by product in Aceh from three different location products (sago residues, coconut meal, soybean-ketchup by product, coffee pulp, cacao pod, sago tree, corncob, and rice brand) were used in this study. Prior to analyses, all samples were dehydrated at the temperature of 60°C for 24 h, then crushed to pass a 1 mm sieve. Crushed samples were analysed to determine volatile fatty acid concentration, gas production and methane emission. Incubation was carried out in water bath with three replicates for 48 h with the temperature of 39°C. The production of gas was collected and periodically documented at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after incubation by using a syiringe. The VFA production from agro-industrial by products in this study was not significantly different (P>0.05) from one by-products and others from 83±2.26 mmol/l for cacao pod to 123 ±16.1 mmol/l for coffee pulp. The production of NH3 was with the range of 5.72 mmol/l to 15.71 mmol/l for for sago trees and coconut meal respectively. Total gas production from agro-industrial by products was 69.90 ml g/DM to 210.40 ml g/DM with methane gas production in the range of 33,88 – 35.18 ml/g DM after agro-industrial by products were incubated for 48 h. In conclusion, based on the fermentation parameters in this study, local agro-industrial by products in Aceh Province can be utilized as sources of alternative animal feed as replacement of conventional. Based on fermentation parameters measured in this study (VFA, NH3, gas production total) were still in optimal range for fermentation process in animal production

Effect of households’ dietary knowledge on local (ofada) rice consumption in southwest Nigeria

An understanding of dietary knowledge will most likely inform the consumption of healthy foods. Studies have shown that local (ofada) rice is superior to other rice brands in terms of protein and minerals crucial for overall mental and physical well-being. This study, therefore, examined the effect of households’ dietary knowledge on the consumption of local (ofada) rice, using a simultaneous equation system that accommodates censored dependent variable and continuous endogenous dietary knowledge. The study used survey data from 600 rice consumers’ households in southwest Nigeria and hypothesized that dietary knowledge affects the consumption of local (ofada) rice. The results revealed that dietary knowledge is significantly influenced by factors such as being a household meal planner and presence of household member(s) on a special diet. Dietary knowledge, as hypothesized, was found to positively influence the consumption of local (ofada) rice, as were some sociodemographic variables. The study recommends that effective dietary education about health and other benefits of consuming local (ofada) rice should be developed to promote its consumption in Nigerians’ diets.

Urea Molasses Multinutrien Blok Sebagai Pakan Tambahan pada Ternak Ruminansia (UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT TO CATTLE)

The poor quality crop residues constitute the bulk of dry matter consumed by the ruminants. Like in most developing countries, including in Indonesia, feed shortage is the main constraint to their productivity. During the hot and dry seasons, the available feed resources are not enough in energy and digestion proteins, which are insufficient to maintenance requirements and reducing productivity throughout the year. The use of conventional feedstuffs such as rice brand, pollard, soybean cake, and groundnut cake to enhance production has become inappropriate. These supplements are in short supply owing to increasing demand from agricultural and industrial users. Their exorbitant prices and erratic supply made them too expensive for small-scale farmers to incorporate them into ruminant feeding. Urea Molasses Multinutrient Block (UMMB) is a convenient and inexpensive method of providing a range of nutrients to ruminants. Giving UMMB can improve low-quality feed digestion so in general can improve the performance of livestock such as milk production, weight, BCS and reproductive status. This article aims to evaluation the benefits of a UMMB for feed ruminants.

Pemilihan Merek Beras yang Diminati Konsumen Studi Kasus CV Beras Alami Menggunakan AHP

Rice is one of the staple foods of society in general, the need for rice supply is increasing every year. The increasing population in the Jababeka area is a threat to staple food supplies. To determine the selection of Rice Brands, it takes rice criteria in order to determine the best quality of rice, and increase sales. So that it can meet consumer needs for rice. In the selection of rice brands at CV Beras Alami uses a voting system, this is clearly less valid in its election because it is subjective. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used as a method for decision making, as a solution in selecting rice brands in CV Beras Alami. The Expert Choice application is used as a support system to facilitate the selection of rice brands that are in demand by consumers. The results can be known during the 2018 period that rice is widely consumed is Garuda Utama.