Abstract
Methane is one of the gases produced by ruminants during feed fermentation in the rumen. This experiment was aimed to investigate the production of monacolin K in rice bran fermented by Monascus purpureus mold and the influence of the supplementation of fermented rice bran using Monascus purpureus mold on elephant grass basal diet on fermentation products and methane production in an in vitro gas production method. The study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment analysis of monacolin K production in fermented rice bran using Monascus purpureus. Fermentation is done by the addition of Monascus purpureus at levels 0, 4, 8, and 12% (v/w) of substrate (rice bran) with 3 replications. Monacolin K in the substrate was analyzed using HPLC. The second experiment was the evaluation of supplementation of fermented rice bran to elephant grass basal diet using in vitro gas production. The treatment diet evaluated were Pennisetum purpureum (control), Pennisetum purpureum:rice bran (1:1 ratio), and Pennisetum purpureum:rice bran fermented. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Results from the first experiment shows that rice bran with the highest monacolin K content was in rice bran fermented at 12% by Monascus purpureus. Result from the second experiment showed that supplementation of fermented rice bran to Pennisetum purpureum basal diet did not affect rumen ammonia concentration, VFA, protein microbial production, and dry matter and organic matter digestibility. However, methane production (CH<sub>4</sub>) was reduced (P&lt;0.05) by 50%, and the protozoal population was decreased (P&lt;0.05) by 80%. It is concluded that supplementation of fermented rice brands containing monacolin K was able to reduce methane production and the protozoa population without affecting feed fermentation.
Highlights
IntroductionLivestock is one of the contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)
Global warming has been widely discussed in Indonesia and even in the world
The first phase about the fermentation of rice bran with the addition of 0, 4, 8, and 12% (v/w) inoculum of Monascus from the total substrate, and the second phase was the evaluation of the effect of using fermented rice bran as an additional feed on the base feed of elephant grass against methane production by In vitro gas test according to the Menke & Steingass 1988 method
Summary
Livestock is one of the contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). One source of GHG emissions from the livestock subsector is methane gas (CH4) from the enteric fermentation and manure removed by ruminants. The efforts to reduce CH4 emissions from ruminants have been carried out in Indonesia, one of them is the use of secondary metabolites of plants such as essential oils, saponins, and tannins (Benchaar & Greathead 2011; Bodas et al 2012). The use of the compounds produced by bacteria and molds is still rarely done, such as the use of secondary metabolites from Monascus purpureus which has the potential to reduce about 30% methane production (Morgavi et al 2013)
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