Work Rhythm Research Articles

Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West by JessicaSmith RolstonNew Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2014. 236 pp.

Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West by JessicaSmith RolstonNew Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2014. 236 pp.

Humane Education

Humane Education

COMPUTER MODELING OF EMOTIONAL STATES

Modeling negative emotional stresses at different levels of neural-tensions are possible with developed computer programs. This modeling was done on the background flux solutions of rather simple tasks. The operator's activities have analogy with such tasks. Information stresses are forming with artificially created monotony and different levels of emotional stress which possible to set on with the changeable work rhythms in the PC program. On the background of modern means of display, store and retrieve information about the recruited subject’s performance and their reliability was implemented in proposed computer programs which are equipped with friendly developed interface that allows the every user quickly configure the program mode for testing in a proper way. It is also support of different kinds of testing and displays the information in a clear and convenient form for further analysis content of results and allows performing a modern statistical analysis.

Rolston, Jessica Smith. Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2014. 250 pp. $27.95 (paperback).

WorkingUSAVolume 18, Issue 2 p. 307-311 BOOK REVIEW Rolston, Jessica Smith. Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2014. 250 pp. $27.95 (paperback). First published: 22 June 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/wusa.12177Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume18, Issue2June 2015Pages 307-311 RelatedInformation

Pressão por produção e produção de riscos: a “maratona” perigosa do corte manual da cana-de-açúcar

Introdução: o setor sucroalcooleiro vem apresentando franca expansão no país nos últimos anos, contando com cerca de 400 usinas processadoras, mais de 1 mil indústrias de suporte e gerando 1 milhão de empregos diretos. Objetivo: compreender, no trabalho dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar, os determinantes organizacionais que intensificam a carga de trabalho e afetam a saúde dos trabalhadores. Métodos: utilizou-se a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho, integrada com a avaliação de aspectos fisiológicos e ambientais. Foram avaliados 40 trabalhadores de uma turma de cortadores escolhida por conveniência. A sobrecarga térmica foi monitorada, bem como a frequência cardíaca e a produção diária de cada trabalhador. Resultados: o corte manual da cana durou em média 8 horas diárias de trabalho, com ritmos intensos, alta frequência de movimentos repetitivos e exigências posturais inadequadas, associadas a condições insalubres. Conclusão: o efeito nocivo das variáveis fisiológicas e do aumento da carga cardiovascular foi demonstrado. O ritmo de trabalho é acelerado por medidas gerenciais e organizacionais, com destaque para o pagamento por produção, responsável pelo aumento do desgaste físico dos trabalhadores, ultrapassando seus limites fisiológicos. Recomenda-se, dentre outras medidas, a alteração na forma de remuneração do trabalho no corte manual de cana.

Ritual | Repetition

“Ritual | Repetition” is one of eight essays that explore correlations between architecture and textiles, those surfaces that both enclose and enclothe us, and foregrounds the significance of the surface in our understanding and experience of place. Arising from a series of photographs of Melbourne’s mid-twentiethcentury façades, Urban Fabric: Greige, in which the latent image of Harris Tweed was exposed, readings of correspondences between surfaces are drawn from a photograph of a curtain wall façade and a swatch of Harris Tweed juxtaposed. It is not these images themselves that are so much transcribed, but rather those that have emerged in their wake. In Ritual | Repetition the body’s shaping of the world through semblance and play is considered, in light of the rhythms of work and labor. The significance of ritual, as demonstrated in the waulking of the cloth, in its perpetuation of an ever-changing tradition, is contrasted with the deadening nature of labor, evidenced in the production of the curtain wall. The effects of these two differing modes of production are reflected in the nature of crafted artifact or artwork, and the commodity. While technological reproducibility was seen to disengage the artwork from the domain of ritual, through translation and transmission, it is suggested, it also enables its return, through the playful reengagement of the thinking hand and the marks that it makes, giving rise to meaningful impressions.

Prevention and Risk Management in RTD European Projects Developed by University-Company's Consortiums

Abstract This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of a simple methodology to manage and prevent the risk in co promotion projects financed by the European Union through operational programs. The risk prevention is a key factor in the project success, whether singular or plural, research or development. Our focus was directed to present the methodology applied to three Research and Technological Development (RTD) European projects, where companies and universities had to work hand in hand towards the success of the project. Socio-cultural differences between different countries, different methods and work's rhythms between universities and companies alongside the issues of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), are some of the sensitive points in all the projects. It is where Project Management has the duty to act proactively in order to control small outbreaks of contention, while maintaining the smooth functioning of the project execution.

Martha E. Rogers: heretic and heroine.

Rhythms of Martha Rogers' life and work are presented showing her evolution as a heretic and a heroine through her heretical thinking. New concepts of unitariology, energyspirit, wellbecoming, integral presence, and soul are presented with their relevance for advancing Rogers' science of unitary human beings. New dimensions of practice make explicit pandimensional ministering to humankind and living in the universe.

Reviews

Reviews

Book Review: Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West by Jessica Smith Rolston

Book Review: <i>Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West</i> by Jessica Smith Rolston

A questão da Saúde do Trabalhador em empreendimentos autogestionários

Este artigo se propõe a revisitar alguns teóricos da autogestão, da sociologia e da psicologia do trabalho e da saúde do trabalhador a fim de formular uma construção possível de entendimento da saúde do trabalhador dentro do contexto das fábricas recuperadas. Nessas fábricas, os trabalhadores podem participar ativamente das escolhas relacionadas ao processo produtivo e, muito embora o ritmo de trabalho seja pautado pelas empresas capitalistas com quem devem concorrer, podem participar das decisões referentes às condições que regram o ritmo de trabalho. Se problemas relacionados ao adoecimento no trabalho existem, é possível que estes se deem em uma outra proporção em relação ao trabalho na fábrica tradicional. A vantagem do processo autogestionário é a possibilidade de coletivamente se alterar a forma de estar no trabalho com o intuito de buscar o bem-estar coletivo.

Trabalho e trabalhadores dos canaviais: perfil dos cortadores de cana da região de Ribeirão Preto (SP)¹

A cultura de cana-de-açúcar é uma das mais importantes atividades da agroindústria do Brasil e atualmente encontra-se em expansão. Na agroindústria canavieira ocorreram mudanças no processo produtivo que, por um lado resultaram em aumento significativo da produtividade, competitividade e melhoria na qualidade dos produtos e, por outro, são relacionadas à maior precarização e intensificação do ritmo de trabalho. A pesquisa que resultou neste artigo teve por objetivo conhecer o perfil dos trabalhadores envolvidos nesta atividade e investigar as suas condições de trabalho no corte da cana-de-açúcar na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Foram entrevistados 13 trabalhadores, migrantes, empregados no corte da cana, um membro da Pastoral do Migrante de Guariba, SP, o presidente do Sindicato dos Empregados Rurais da mesma localidade e dois psicólogos funcionários da área de Recursos Humanos de uma usina processadora de açúcar e álcool da região pesquisada. Os dados obtidos demonstraram que os trabalhadores, em sua maioria migrantes, para serem contratados são avaliados segundo sua capacidade de produção, sua resistência física e sua subordinação aos superiores. O salário por produção implica a superexploração da força de trabalho que repercute nas condições laborais e de saúde dos trabalhadores.

Poverty and Excess in Binge Economies

ABSTRACTThe history of excess has tended to focus on middle‐class groups intent on demonstrating their wealth through conspicuous consumption. I draw on historical evidence from working cultures of loggers, fishermen, miners, sailors, and manual laborers to show how consumption was embedded in daily rhythms of work, in the cultural construction of gender, and the economy. I define a “binge economy” which typically emerged in extractive industries on the margins of the capitalist world system. Then I question whether working‐class displays of excessive consumption were self‐limiting. Rather than being based on greed, I argue that working‐class binge consumption was an attempt to build a social order which would allow workers to survive harsh work discipline, extremely dangerous physical labor, and the socially corrosive nature of money. But rather than being an effective form of resistance or solidarity, excessive consumption created as many problems as it solved, perpetuating servitude in the guise of freedom, and serving the interests of capital. Nevertheless, the close association of masculinity with excessive forms of social consumption continues to inspire many forms of excess and overconsumption among middle‐class Americans.

Digital Design Tools and the Temporality of Design

Designing semiconductor chips is a complex, digitally mediated process. While already using fully digitalized tools with various affordances, chip designers continue to augment their cognitive efforts by using advanced computational tools in order to deal with growing complexity of their design tasks. The introduction of such advanced computing capabilities such as simulation introduces causal ambiguity in the process, which reconfigures the designer-tool relationship, altering the temporal rhythms of work. Through a qualitative, multi-project case study at one of the world’s largest semiconductor manufacturers, we show that different types of affordances lead to different constructions of the temporal modes of designing. We found that existing digital design tools afford a uni-threaded temporal mode of designing by a sequential ordering of human and tool actions; advanced digital design tools affords a multi-threaded temporal mode of designing by braiding together of multiple threads of human and tool ac...

How to integrate the aging of employees into occupational health policies: The approach of a French company

Since 2010, French companies must integrate or retain seniors to avoid a fine of 1% of their payroll. This work examines how to integrate the aging of employees into occupational health policies. The literature on the complex relationships between age, work and health has been reviewed, and the feasibility of potential actions has been addressed. In the company setting, few diseases are specific to seniors. With retirement age postponing, chronic diseases may appear more frequently in people still working. Physiological aging linked to a functional decline is variable. Occupational wear and tear can result in some functional deterioration. Seniors can experience difficulties coping with heavy time demands that restrict their ability to organize the work, with physical stresses due to their diminished muscular capacity, and with unconventional schedules that have long-term deleterious effects on sleep quality and alertness. This position paper makes recommendations for adapting work organization and occupational medical care. Protective measures for seniors should be integrated in a global approach to improving work conditions for all. Aging employees need some leeway to develop experience-based strategies for bypassing new difficulties. Revising work rhythms and developing autonomy seem to be means for progress.

AIZGAVIEŅS AND МАСЛЕНИЦА ( SHROVETIDE ) IN LATGALE : TRADICIONS OF LATGALIAN AND OLD-BELIEVERS

AIZGAVIEŅS AND МАСЛЕНИЦА ( SHROVETIDE ) IN LATGALE : TRADICIONS OF LATGALIAN AND OLD-BELIEVERS

Habituating pain: Questioning pain and physical strain as inextricable conditions in the construction industry

In this article, we investigate the relations between discursive practices within the Danish construction industry and the perceived pain, physical deterioration, and strain affecting the construction workers. Of central importance is the widely accepted hegemonic discourse on physical strain and pain as unavoidable conditions in construction work. Based on 32 semi-structured interviews performed in eight case studies within four different construction professions, workers’ descriptions of physical strain and its relation to the organizational and social context are analyzed through concepts of subject positioning in discursive practice and a focus on power relations. The analysis shows that workers and employers reproduce certain types of traditional working class masculinities and search for high-pace productive working rhythms, which in combination with economic incentives common within the industry reproduce physical strain and the habituation of pain as unquestioned conditions in construction work. The understanding of this mutual reinforcement of the necessity of physically straining, painful, high-paced construction work provides fruitful perspectives on the overrepresentation of musculoskeletal deterioration within construction work and also sheds light on some of the difficulties in addressing and changing occupational health and safety practices in the construction industry.

Sobre Refuse The Hour, Kentridge e seus Espaços-Tempos de Criação

RESUMO Este texto discute, no cruzamento entre teatro, cinema e artes plásticas, a obra que o sul-africano William Kentridge desenvolveu desde o final dos anos 1980 de forma densa, polimórfica e multidisciplinar, circulando entre diversas formas de expressão o status de processo de criação. Propõe-se pensar sobre a preparação de seus espetáculos, que é acompanhada por múltiplos vídeo-instalações, gravuras, colagens e objetos. Este artigo mostra como esses vestígios de um trabalho de artista plástico, associados a um tempo de trabalho coletivo (os workshops), além dos ensaios, deslocam a análise genética dos seus espetáculos para outros espaços-tempos e outras modalidades de trabalho, que são diferentes do trabalho de cena.

De l’oralité à l’écriture la poésie orale dans le théâtre macédonien « du quotidien »

It is difficult to establish the origin of Slavic oral poetry. There is a lack of documents concerning the settlement of Slavs in the Balkans. At the origin of this art there is a syncretism of rhythms of work, of bodies (dance), of melody and of words. Then, under the influence of different periods of social development, a gradual separation of elements occurs.Singing is dissociated from work, the text takes a more and more important place in songs, choruses appear, then one soloist emerges in the chorus: the coryphée. Then the chorus splits up into epic singing and poetic dialogues (lyrical singing). One singer who is at the same time musician and dancer, turns to singer-poet. Music is dissociated from dance and singing from music. Words (text) are separated from singing.These stages are also those of the evolution of traditional, feudal and patriarchal societies. Orality gets supplanted by writing, leaving however definite marks of the passage from one to another in different modes of literary expression. We shall focus our interest on theatre, more precisely on Macedonian theatre of ‘life’ or of the ‘quotidian’ (1848-1950) which is on half-way between oral and written expression. We shall study modalities of insertion of oral poetry, i.e. of short forms, into dramatic texts, not for illustrating the point nor to camp the setting, but as integral part of narrative discourse and its structure.

Sibling caringscapes: Time–space practices of caring within youth-headed households in Tanzania and Uganda

This paper investigates the time–space practices of young people caring for their siblings in youth-headed households affected by AIDS in Tanzania and Uganda. Based on qualitative exploratory research with young people heading households, their siblings, NGO workers and community members, the article develops the notion of sibling ‘caringscapes’ to analyse young people’s everyday practices and caring pathways through time and space. Participatory time-use data reveals that older siblings of both genders regularly undertake substantial caring tasks at the very high end of the caregiving continuum. Drawing on rhythmanalysis, the paper explores how young people negotiate emotional geographies and temporalities of caring. The competing rhythms of bodies, schooling, work and seasonal agricultural production can result in ‘arrhythmia’ and time scarcity, which has detrimental effects on young people’s health, education, future employment prospects and mobility. Young people’s lifecourse transitions are shaped to a large extent by their caring responsibilities, resulting in some young people remaining in a liminal position for considerable periods, unable to make ‘successful’ transitions to adulthood. Despite structural constraints, however, young people are able to exercise some autonomy over their caring pathways and lifecourse transitions. The research sheds light on the ways that individuals embody the practices, routines and rhythms of everyday life and exercise agency within highly restricted broader landscapes of care.