Rheum Ribes Research Articles

Immunohistochemical and biochemical study of the effect of Rheum ribes on the pancreas of diabetic rats

Background and objective: Reports indicate that Rheum ribes has antihyperglycemic effects. This study aimed to find out the hypoglycemic effects of aqueous extract of Rheum ribes on the pancreatic tissue of diabetic male rats and compare the results of both histological and biochemical findings with that of metformin. Methods: Thirty-two albino male rats were divided into four groups with eight animals for each group; 1st group as normal control, 2nd group as alloxan induced diabetics, 3rd group as diabetic treated with Rheum ribes, and 4th groups as diabetic treated with Metformin. The body weight and fasting blood glucose levels of all the rats were recorded at weekly intervals during the experimental period. Biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical investigations were used. Results: Diabetic rats showed a decrease in serum amylase with marked elevation in blood glucose level. Histological examination of the pancreas from diabetic rats revealed an increase in the thickness of the basement membrane of the blood vessels and capillaries in islets of Langerhans, as well as decreased activity of Beta-cells and increase the activity of Alpha and Delta cells using both Periodic Acid Schiff stain and immunohistochemistry techniques. Administration of aqueous extract of Rheum ribes caused significant and dramatic changes in most of the parameters measured in this study, including an increase in serum amylase, and lowering the level of blood glucose, in comparison to the diabetic group. Conclusion: Daily administration of Rheum ribes significantly reduced blood glucose and caused a marked increase in the activity of Beta-cells, followed by a decrease in the activity of Alpha-cells. The results of tissue structures and serum biochemical estimation indicated that the plant extract has regeneration and repair effects.

An Ethnobotanical Study of Hepatoprotective Herbs from Shahrekord, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Southwest of Iran

Background and objective: Hepatoprotection using herbal drugs and preventing very common liver disease is very necessary in today’s world. Therefore, this ethnobotanical study was conducted to identify and report medicinal plants in Shahrekord with hepatoprotective effect. Factors such as oxidative stress, free radicals, white alcohol, chemicals, pesticides, heavy metals, viruses and drugs can cause liver tissue damage. Methods: In this ethnobotanical study, indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants used as hepatoprotective agents in Shahrekord was investigated from 21 April 2017 to 19 February 2018 by referring to 29 traditional therapists in the region under study and administering a questionnaire to them. The results of the questionnaires were consistently tabulated. Data were finally analyzed by the Excel software. Frequency of rate was also calculated and reported. Results: The results showed that in Shahrekord, 15 medicinal plant species from 9 herbal families consisting of Silybum marianum, Nigella sativa, Cichorium intybus L., Rheum ribes L., Alyssum spp., Fumaria spp, Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam, Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantle, Taraxacum officinale, Malva sylvestris L, Rumex pulcher L., Melissa officinalis L, Alhagi maurorum, Alcea spp. and Echinophora platyloba DC. from a total of six plant families are used as hepatoprotective plants. Conclusion: Due to the importance of herbs in Shahrekord, and their high use and consumption by the people, the results of this ethnobotanical study can provide a good basis for more scientific use of medicinal plants to produce products with higher efficacy and less harms.

Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rheum ribes and evaluation of their anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial potential: A novel approach in phytonanotechnology

This paper reports the anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) obtained by green synthesis using the extract of Rheum ribes (R. ribes), a medicinal plant. For the synthesis of Ag NPs, the ethanolic extracts of R. ribes were used as a reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. For the characterization of Ag NPs, advanced analytical methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–vis spectrophotometry were performed. The synthesized Ag NPs obtained from R. ribes were evaluated as a cytotoxic agent against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line. The IC50 values of the nanoparticles were ranged from 165 to 99 μg/mL against MDA-MB 231 cell line for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The results show that the use of Ag NPs at low concentrations show the toxic effect in the cancer cells. In addition, the results of experiments on gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria showed that the Ag NPs had high antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that Ag NPs can be developed as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents.

Medicinal plants with preventive and therapeutic effect on diarrhoea: A cross-sectional epidemiologic and ethnobotanical study in traditional therapists of Shahrekord, south-west of Iran

Chemical treatments for diarrhoea usually lead to side effects, so humans are seeking out a safe pharmaceutical source to cure them. From ancient times, medicinal plants have served as an important pharmaceutical source for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases and infectious and non-infectious diseases. This study was carried out from April 2017 to February 2018 by interviewing with and administering a questionnaires to 29 traditional therapists. The questionnaire also included demographic items. The interviewers referred to the participants in person and asked them certain questions to elicit their beliefs about herbal medicine. Data were finally analyzed by the Excel software. In this study, the frequency of plant use was calculated by using a formula. According to the ethnobotanical knowledge of the region under study, Astragalus hamosus L., Ziziphora taurica M.Bieb., Anthemis hyalina DC., Plantago major L., Quercus brantii Lindl., Myrtus communis L., Satureja bachtiarica Bung., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Peganum harmala L., Rheum ribes L., Rumex pulcher L., Artemisia absinthium, Descurainia sophia (L.) Prantle., Plantago major L. and some others medicinal plants are used as antidiarrhoeal medicinal plants. Most plant species reported belong to the Asteraceae family and the aerial part (36%) is the most frequently used plant organ for cases of diarrhoea in Shahrekord. The scientific registration and review of the written and non-written knowledge of different ethnicities in Iran regarding traditional medicine will help preserve the valuable treasure of thousands of years of Iranians’ medical knowledge and experience and will provide the basis for the discovery of new drugs and the progress of the pharmaceutical industry.

In vitro evaluation of Rheum ribes induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines

Rheum ribes is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family that grows more in rocky and gravelly slopes in high altitude areas of Levant and Turkey. Rheum ribes is consumed as food and widely used in folk medicine against nausea, constipation and for different diseases including diabetesand hypertension. Unfortunately, the researches on Rheum ribes toxicity are insufficient. In our study, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line was used in cytotoxicity evaluation of Rheum ribes water, methanol and chloroform extracts by MTT and NRU test. Comet assay was used to investigate the genotoxicity potentials of the plant extracts. Our results show that all extracts cause cell death in a concentration dependent manner at 5-50 mg/mL concentrations. The IC50 values are 14.29- 31.94 mg/mL by MTT and 21.15 - 27.66 mg/mL by NRU assay. The highest concentration (25 mg/mL) of methanol extract causes a significant DNA damage (8.7-folds). In conclusion, similar to a lot of plants used in the folk medicine the risk of Rheum ribes is still unknown. The uncontrolled use of this plant could harm to the patients. Our results indicate possible cyto- and gentoxicity effects of Rheum ribes, these results should rise the concerns about the safety of Rheum ribes and other folk herbs. Cite this article as : Abudayyak M (2019). In vitro evaluation of Rheum ribes induced genotoxicity in HepG2 cell lines. Istanbul J Pharm 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19021.

Physicochemical and bioactive properties of edible methylcellulose films containing Rheum ribes L. extract

Methylcellulose (MC) polymer was used to prepare the edible films. Then, the Rheum ribes L. ethanol extract (RE) was added to the films in order to act as a natural antimicrobial agent. All the methylcellulose films were characterized for bioactivity and the physicochemical analysis were carried out to define functional group interactions between the polymer and RE. The strongest antimicrobial effect was obtained with MC films enriched with 2% (w/w) RE against to Listeria monocytogenes with 20.3 ± 2.5 mm zone diameter. In the presence of RE, the tensile strength of film decreased, whereas the extract concentration significantly increased. The elongation at break and the water vapor permeability (WVP) values of the films were found to have decreased significantly in parallel with the increase in RE content. Moreover, the increase in the concentration of RE caused an increment in the hydrophilic properties, especially contact angle values of the films.

In vitro, the Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on the growth of some bacterial and fungal pathogens

This study was done during the period between October to December 2018. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plants Daucus carota (seeds), Rheum ribes (roots), Rumex vesicarius (leaves) and Punica granatum (peels) were tested against some clinical isolate of Gram-negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Helicobacter pylori and Klebsiella pneumonia), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus mutans) and against some pathogenic fungi Trichophyton violaceum and Microsporum audouinii that get from Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital. The result showed P. granatum have the highest antibacterial activity against all bacterial isolates under study than other extracts, the diameters ranged between (24.4-31.3) mm followed with the D. carota extracts which the diameters ranged between (20.4-28.5) mm, also the result obtained that the most inhibition percentage against fungal isolates was with P. granatum extract which ranged between (64.5-68.6) %, followed with D. carota extract which ranged between (60.7-63.4) %.

In Vitro Anticancer MCF-7, Anti-Inflammatory, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) and GC-MS Analysis of Whole Plant Butanol Fraction of Rheum ribes (WBFRR).

In this study, GC-MS analysis has shown that whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) comprises of 21 compounds which exhibited anticancer (MCF-7) activity having IC50 value of 36.01± 0.26. MTT assay (MCF-7), Oxidative Burst assay using chemiluminescence technique, and B-Hatching techniques were the methods used for anticancer MCF-7, anti-inflammatory, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). GC-MS was used for structural elucidation. Whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR), whole plant n-hexane fraction of rheum ribes (WHFRR), and whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) were inactive against anticancer (MCF-7) cell line. Whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR), whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) and whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) showed anti-inflammatory activity on ROS having IC50 value of 23.2±1.9, 24.2±2.7 and 12.0±0.6. Whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) showed Brine Shrimp Lethality with LD50 693.302 while whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR) and whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) showed high lethality at highest concentration. This study revealed that whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) exhibited significant anticancer (MCF-7) activity. In the near future, the constituent of whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) can be the alternative drug against MCF-7 cell line with least toxicity and side effects.

An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants With Antianxiety and Antidepressant Effects in Shahrekord

Anxiety and depression are two highly prevalent disorders in all human communities. The purpose of the present study was to report medicinal plant species that local people, according to their ethnobotanical knowledge, in Shahrekord use as antianxiety and antidepressant agents. The present ethnobotanical study was carried out to report and collect indigenous knowledge in the studied region in 2017 via face-to-face interviews and by using a questionnaire distributed among 29 traditional therapists. To this end, interviewers referred to respondents in person to elicit their pharmacological and ethnobotanical knowledge, and then register their viewpoints related to herbal medicine. The data extracted from the questionnaires were appropriately and meticulously tabulated, and data analysis was done by the Excel software. In this study, the formula below was used to calculate the frequency of plant use. Medicinal plants that are used as antianxiety and antidepressant drugs according to the ethnobotanical knowledge in Shahrekord include Fritillaria imperialis L., Ducrosia anethifolia L., Anchusa italyca Retz. (L.) DC., Dracocephalum multicaule, Stachys lavandulifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Tripleurospermum parviflorum L., Crataegus persica, Hypericum scabrum L., Valeriana officinalis, Centaurea cyanus, Rheum ribes L. and Melissa officinalis L are the most herbal plants effective on anxiety and depression on shahrekord ethno-botany.

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and in-vitro biological activity of Rheum ribes L. different parts

The methanol extracts from different parts of Rheum ribes were subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical and in vitro biological activity (antioxidant, anti-urease, anticholinesterase). Qualitative phytochemical tests were performed using standard analysis methods and these studies revealed the presence of phenolics and tannins. Following this, a quantitative determination of total phenolics and tannins contents was carried out. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were assayed using DPPH, FRAP, TEAC/ABTS and CUPRAC techniques. In addition, the anti-urease and anticholinesterase activity of the extracts were examined using indophenol and Ellman methods, respectively. In this study, it was determined that the macerated flowers extract contained higher total phenolic and tannins contents than the other extracts. According to the results obtained from the antioxidant experiment, the macerated extract of flowers showed the strongest ABTS.+ scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity. The macerated leaves and Soxhlet radix extracts exhibited the strongest DPPH. scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant activity, respectively. The young shoots extracts obtained using the Soxhlet methods showed the highest anticholinesterase activity. All extracts obtained from different parts of the plant were found to have very low anti-urease activity when compared to the anti-urease activity of standard compound. Therefore, methanol extracts from plant’s flowers, leaves and young shoots can be used as a natural antioxidant and anticholinesterase agent respectively, for the pharmaceutical and food industry in the future.

In vitro antibacterial activity of Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes on Acinetobacter baumanii

Introduction: Using antibiotics to control pathogenic bacteria is associated with certain side effects in addition to emergence of drug resistance. Nowadays, researchers are considering using plants as suitable alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of study was to compare in vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and hydroalcoholic Bunium persicum and Rheum ribes L. extracts on Acinetobacter baumanii. Materials and methods: Different concentrations of R. ribes and B. persicum were prepared to determine microbial sensitivity of A. baumanii using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The highest MIC (256 µg/ml) against A. baumanii was derived for aqueous R. ribes and B. persicum extracts and the lowest MIC (128 µg/ml) for their hydroalcoholic extracts. The highest MBC (512 µg/ml) was derived for aqueous R. ribes extract and the lowest MBC (256 µg/ml) for aqueous and hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum and hydroalcoholic R. ribes extracts. The extracts exhibited great inhibitory effects against the studied bacteria in disk diffusion; and with increasing the extracts’ concentrations, the inhibitory effect was exhibited more markedly as increased diameter of inhibition zone. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic R. ribes and B. persicum extracts can be used as nature-based compounds to control A. baumanii.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plants from the Erzurum region of Turkey.

In this study, 13 different extracts were investigated which are grown in the region of Erzurum. The aim of this study was to screen various plant extracts that are known and used for medicinal purposes such as Ferula communis L., Rumex patientia L., Gundelia tournefortii L., Rheum ribes L., Asphodeline taurica, Polygonum arenastrum, Allium schoenoprasum L., and Ferula orientalis L. Medicinal parts of plants such as leaves, flowers, and stems were investigated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assays: Centaury and Blackthorn. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antimicrobial properties were also determined. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated by the microdilution method and the agar diffusion method respectively. Accordingly, the results of the Rheum ribes L. plant have the highest antioxidant activity among all analyses made. But in almost all antioxidant analysis methods, the lowest antioxidant activity was found in Ferula orientalis L. According to the antibacterial analysis applied, it was found that the plant extracts were generally more effective on yeast strains than the test bacteria used; that is, most of the plants have antifungal effect. Due to their antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, the extracts of these plants might be used as natural sources in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

Seed Dormancy in Rheum ribes L. Collected from Natural Populations in Turkey

Rheum ribes L. is a medicinally import perennial wild plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some breaking dormancy treatments on R. ribes seeds. Mature seeds were collected from naturally growing populations in and around Van, Turkey. Seed germination potentials were tested for scarification, H2SO4 (5%, 10%, 20%, 50% and 75%), stratification period (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 d at 4 ° C), GA3 (0, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm), GA3 + stratification period (500 ppm GA3 + 4 C at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 d), CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mM ) and KNO3 (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mM) in dark and light conditions. The results showed that the best condition for germination was achieved in light. In dark conditions, scarification, H2SO4, GA3, CaCl2 and KNO3 treatments had lower percentage of germination than light. The highest seed germination percentage (70.0%) was obtained by combinational treatment of stratification period at 4 C for 25 days and 500 ppm GA3 in light. The lowest percentages of germination were obtained in seeds with CaCl2 and KNO3 (20.3% and 14.7%, respectively) in the dark. Keywords : Rheum ribes, Seed germination, GA3, Stratification, Dormancy DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-2-22

Natural Antioxidants and Medicinal Plants Effective on Hyperlipidemia

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most important causes of death in industrialized countries. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Medicinal plants and their active ingredients have long been addressed for the treatment of lipidemia and associated complications. Recently, the use of medicinal plants has become more prevalent due to the side effects of chemical drugs. Therefore, in this study, the most important effective medicinal herbs on hyperlipidemia were reviewed. Based on the results, medicinal plants such as Medicago sativa, Trigonella foenum graecum L., Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum L., Glycine max L., Allium sativum L., Rheum ribes L. Basil, Crocus sativus Citrus medica, Lavandula stoechas, Melissa officinalis, Black cardamom, Cinnamomum cassia, Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum L and Elettaria cardamomum are among the most important plants that are used for hyperlipidemia. The most important active ingredients of the plants include beta-carotene, L-cavanine, diosgenin, yamogenin, trigonelline, sarsapogenin, fenugreekine, smilagenin, cinnarine and luteolin, silymarin, purerine, comstrole and genistein, allicin, oxalic acid, cycic acid, beta-glucogaline and renin. Bioactive compounds such as Beta-Carotene and L-Cavanine، Diosgenin, Yamogenin, Trigonelline, Sarsapogenin, Fenugreekine, Smilagenin، Cinnarine and Luteolin, sylimarin, Pourin, Comstrole and Genistein, Allicin, Oxalic Acid, Cinic Acid, Beta Glucogaline and Renin are among the most important compounds of these herbs. In the case of conduction of pharmacological studies on the active ingredients of the medicinal plants that are effective on hyperlipidemia and confirmation of their efficacy, they can be used as hypolipidemic drugs. © RJPT. All right reserved.

Plant Taxa Used in the Treatment of Diabetes in Van Province, Turkey

Despite the richness of local flora and medicinal plant utilization, there is no any report on documentation of antidiabetic botanicals used in Van province. Therefore, the present study aimed to record accumulation of the traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of Van province in order to preserve the valuable local medicines knowledge, which has been threatened by urbanization. Antidiabetic folk medicines were determined via field surveys conducted in 1065 settlements during the period of 2014-2017 through medicinal plants questionnaire and structured face-to-face interviews (600 informants) with local people who are well known in the province for their long practice in traditional medicine. 69 plant taxa (35 species with undocumented antidiabetic medicinal use in scientific literature for Turkey) including five endemic and one rare to Turkey belong to 16 families (principally Asteraceae and Lamiaceae) were recorded for their traditional antidiabetic use. 52 different vernacular names were detected which were mainly indicate morphological characteristics. Infusion prepared from leaf and flower organs were found as the most common preparation method of local medicines in the province. Use value analysis showed that Rheum ribes, Urtica dioica, Scutelleria orientalis subsp. pichleri, Diplotenia cachrydifolia, Teucrium polium, Rosa canina, Campanula glomerata subsp. hispida, Rumex scutatus, Helichrysum plicatum subsp. plicatum and Tanacetum balsamita subsp. balsamita might serve promising pharmaceutical agents for diabetes treatment.

Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, and electron densities for different parts of medicinal aromatic plants in low-energy region

The mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) for different parts (root, flower, stem, and leaf) of three medicinal aromatic plants (Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum, Rheum ribes, and Chrysophthalmum montanum) were measured using an 241Am photon source in a stable geometry and calculated using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System-extended (MCNPX) code and the WinXCOM program. The experimental and theoretical MCNPX and WinXCOM values exhibited good agreement. The measured mass attenuation coefficient values were then used to compute the effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (NE) of the samples. The results reveal that S1-S (stem of Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. sinuatum) has the highest values of µ/ρ and Zeff.

Protective effect of hydroalcoholic Rheum ribes L. extract in male rat model of lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity

Background: In the recent years, the prevalence of metal-induced toxicity, especially leadinduced toxicity, has increased considerably. Metals including lead cause oxidative stress. Therefore Rheum ribes L. as a medicinal plant with antioxidant activity may reduce the complications of these toxicities. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of hydroalcoholic R. ribes L. extract in male rat model of lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Normal saline (control) group, positive control group treated with 0.6 g/L/d of lead acetate in drinking water, and two R. ribes groups treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg/d of R. ribes extract in addition to lead acetate for 10 days. After treatment, the rats were anesthetized, blood samples were taken, and kidneys were removed and fixed in 10% formalin. Then, serum antioxidant capacity was measured and kidney tissue specimens histopathologically studied. Results: Serum antioxidant capacity was significantly different between lead acetate group and the group treated with lead acetate + R. ribes extract (400 mg/kg). Additionally mice receiving lead acetate + R. ribes extract (400 mg/kg) had significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the control group (P<0.05). Treatment of lead acetate-treated rats with R. ribes extract significantly prevented damage to their kidney tissues. Conclusions: Rheum ribes extract can prevent lead-induced kidney damage, and therefore exposure to lead acetate by people are recommended to consume this extract.

The Preparation of Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles from Aspicilia lichens Using Bifido Bacteria for Help in the Treatment of Diabetes in Rats In Vivo.

Many common herbs and spices are claimed to have blood sugar lowering properties that make them useful for people with or at high risk of diabetes. The main of compounds of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), rhubarb (Rheum ribes), membrane inner of egg shell, wool of sheep, human fingernail (unguis), hyaluronic acid produced by the Bifidobacterium, and usnic acid of Aspicilia lichen were extracted by different methods. All compounds of the extract were divided into five groups. We used variables such as pH, different compounds, concentration, number of injections, and blood glucose monitoring in different situations. Our study, extracts changed to nanoform. The extract compounds and nanoparticles were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscope. The average size of the nanoparticles was found to be 55nm. Five groups of nanoparticles were injected into rats, and they reduced their blood glucose levels significantly (statistical significance was declared at p<0.05). The synthesized hyaluronic acid helped to treat diabetes in rats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AComparative Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Anthraquinone Derivatives in the Roots of Rheum ribes and Rheum emodi by HPLC

High performance liquid chromatography was applied for the separation and identification of four antharquinone derivatives, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion. The separation was carried out using Eurospher 100, C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. x 250 mm, 5 µm) under the following conditions: acetonitile (solvent A) and water: acetic acid (99.9: 0.1 v/v, pH 3.5)( solvent B) as a mobile phase with isocratic elution with 30% solvent B at flow rate 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The four antharquinone derivatives were isolated from the Iraqi rhubarb, Rheum ribes root by preparative TLC, their structures were identified by 1H NMR and used as standards for HPLC analysis. The percentages of aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in rheum ribes root were 0.39%, 0.014%, 0.089%, and 0.072%, respectively. While for Rheum emodi root, only the first three anthraquinone derivatives were identified and their percentages were 0.48%, 0.32% and 1.56%, respectively. The method was found to be reproducible and convenient for qualitative and quantitative analysis of anthraquinone derivatives.&#x0D; Keywords: Rheum ribes, Rheum emodi, Anthraquinone, HPLC

Chemical Constituents of Rheum ribes L.

Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract of Rheum ribes has led to the isolation of β-sitosteryl-3β- glucopyranoside-6'-O-fatty acid esters (1), β-sitosterol (2), phytyl fatty acid esters (3), triacylgly c e r o l s (4) and chlorophyllide a (5). The structures of 1-5 were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data.