RGB Analysis Research Articles

Sensitive acid phosphatase assay based on light-activated specific oxidase mimic activity

Acid phosphatase (ACP) is a key marker in the diagnosis of many diseases. However, exploiting a simple and sensitive sensor for the real-time quantitative analysis of ACP is still challenging. Herein, we attempted to develop a sensitive colorimetric sensing strategy for the detection of ACP based on light-activated oxidase mimic property of carbon dots (CDs). The synthesized CDs were proved to be capable of intrinsic light-activated oxidase mimic activity, which could generate reactive oxygen species to oxidize chromogenic substrate under ultraviolet light stimulation. Interestingly, this light-activated oxidase mimic behavior would be effectively suppressed by the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA), a product from the hydrolysis of 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium (AAP) mediated by ACP. Based on the above property, a facile and sensitive colorimetric sensing method for ACP was developed. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range for ACP 0.1–5.5 U/L, and the detection limit was 0.056 U/L. Compared with conventional nanozyme based ACP assay systems, the catalytic activity of light-activated nanozyme could be conveniently regulated by switching the light on and off, which made it easier to precisely control the extent of the reaction and ensured the accuracy of the assay. In addition, the proposed sensing system would be readout directly by the naked eye or smartphone-based RGB analysis system, and have been successfully applied to analyze diluted in diluted fetal bovine serum and urine samples spiked with ACP. All these results indicated that this approach holds good promise for future applications in clinical analysis and point-of-care (POC) biosensor platforms.

Construction of a ratiometric fluorescent probe for visual detection of urea in human urine based on carbon dots prepared from Toona sinensis leaves and 5-carboxyfluorescein

In this work, pH-sensitive blue fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with high fluorescence quantum yield (17.24%) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using Toona sinensis leaves and ethylenediamine (EDA) as raw materials. The CDs can detect urea with a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.700 mmol L−1. For more sensitive detection of urea, we constructed a ratiometric fluorescent probe (CDs@5-FAM) using CDs and 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM). The CDs@5-FAM probe can rapidly and sensitively detect urea according to the changes of I514/I405, with LOD as low as 0.014 mmol L−1. Furthermore, with the help of a smartphone and RGB analysis software, urea's visual intelligent detection was realized using a CDs@5-FAM probe. The method proposed in this paper is consistent with the standard method, which indicates that the pH-sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe CDs@5-FAM is accurate and reliable for practical application. It provides a new way for rapid and visual detection of urea.

Dualistic Fluorescence as Well as Portable Smartphone-Assisted RGB-Relied Sensing Assay for the Ultra-Sensitive Determination of Pendimethalin in Food and Water Samples by AIEE Active Organic Probes.

Herein, a peculiar fluorometric as well as smartphone-assisted RGB-relied sensing assay is introduced for determining pendimethalin (PDM) herbicide contents (in parts per trillion level) based on the anthracene-incorporated pyrimidinone/thione probes (S1 to S4). These compounds offered a unique and impressive aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behavior by aggregation in H2O-dimethylformamide medium. Furthermore, these AIEE active compounds were found to display superior selectivity and extraordinary sensitivity for PDM detection via fluorescence quenching response. The extent of quenching degree was found to be linearly varied with the PDM concentration ranging from 0 to 20 nM, with a lower limit of detection of 367.8 pM (103.4 ppt) by S3 nanoaggregates. The detailed investigation revealed that such a high sensitivity of the designed sensor toward PDM is attributable to the existence of dual "photoinduced charge transfer and Förster resonance energy transfer process mechanisms". The Stern-Volmer plots, Job's plot, Benesi-Hildebrand plot, and 1H NMR titrations as well indicated the existence of substantial interactions between the sensor and PDM. The conducted selectivity tests provided distinguishable selectivity for PDM detection over various other insecticides/pesticides as well as other structural nitro analogues. Additionally, the presented sensing assay was also applied to quantify the PDM residues in spiked food (vegetables, fruits, and grains) and water samples. In addition, the sensor-coated fluorescent paper test strips were also fabricated for on-site detection of PDM. The applicability of smartphone-relied RGB analysis significantly streamlined the operation process, speeds up the detection procedure, and also offered a novel methodology for real-time analysis of PDM in real samples.

Fabrication of microtiter plate on paper using 96-well plates for wax stamping.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10404-022-02606-3.

Filter-assisted smartphone colorimetry / ICP-MS dual-mode biosensor of butyrylcholinesterase in clinical samples

Clinically, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an indispensable biochemical marker for evaluating liver function and organophosphorus poisoning. In this work, we proposed a novel smartphone readable colorimetry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) dual-mode analytical strategy for BChE detection in clinical patients based on the phenomenon that the filter membrane can selectively separate MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2 NSs) and Mn2+. In the presence of BChE and acetylthiocholine (ATCh), the enzymatic hydrolysate (thiocholine) can efficiently trigger the decomposition of MnO2 NSs to Mn2+. After selective separation of MnO2 NSs and Mn2+ via the filter, colorimetric detection was achieved with a smartphone by identifying the RGB value of the MnO2 NSs coated membrane, while the Mn2+ in the filtrate was detected by ICP-MS. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) were as low as 1.3 U/L and 0.001 U/L for the smartphone-based RGB analysis and ICP-MS assay, respectively. This method was applied to quantify BChE in 40 clinical whole blood samples of patients with clinical liver disease. The levels of BChE detected in clinical samples by this method were consistent with clinical Ellman’s colorimetric findings. Therefore, this method can provide more options for clinical cholinesterase detection and is expected to be developed into a kit.

Portable smartphone-based detection integrated with paper based device functionalised with green emissive carbon dots for selective determination of Fe3+ ions

ABSTRACT In this paper, a smartphone-assisted detection integrated with paper-based analytical device (PAD) functionalised with green emissive carbon dot (g-CDs) has been designed for on-site selective detection of Fe3+ ions. g-CDs have been prepared by one-step hydrothermal process using 4-aminophenol and ethylenediamine (EDA) as precursors. g-CDs were highly stable for more than three months in aqueous solution with a strong green emission, λem at 513 nm and 30.33% as a fluorescence quantum yield. Interestingly, Fe3+ selectively quenched the fluorescence intensity of the g-CDs and the quenching mechanism can be attributed to static quenching. Furthermore, under the optimal conditions, using conventional fluorimetry, the g-CDs could detect Fe3+ ions with a linear relationship from 0 to 90 μM (R2 = 0.9970) and the limit of detection was 0.35 μM. Visual mode integrated with smartphone detection on PAD was successfully prepared after loading g-CDs on the paper. The fluorescent colour variations of g-CDs on PAD were monitored under the UV lamp using smartphone for capturing images. The green channel intensities of images of the circle zones were processed using Colour Grab App for the RGB analysis. A linear working range was obtained from 0 to 0.8 mM, and the limit of detection was 0.05 mM. The PAD was used successfully for the detection of Fe3+ ions in human serum with a recovery from 87.93% to 96.86%.

Automated monitoring the kinetics of homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical processes using a smartphone

Heterogeneous chemical processes occupy a pivotal position in many fields of applied chemistry. Monitoring reaction kinetics in such heterogeneous systems together with challenges associated with ex-situ analytical methodologies can lead to inaccurate information about the nature of the catalyst surfaces as well as information about the steps involved. The present work explores the possibility of kinetic measurements of chemical reactions and adsorption processes of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems through the variation of RGB intensities of digital images using a smartphone combined with a program written in Python to accelerate and facilitate data acquisition. In order to validate the method proposed, the base promoted hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl acetate was initially investigated. The rate constants obtained through RGB analysis (0.01854 min−1) is almost identical to that using traditional UV–Vis spectroscopy (0.01848 min−1). The proposed method was then applied to monitor the kinetics of three heterogeneous processes: (1) reduction of 4-nitrophenolate in the presence of dispersed Pd/C; (2) decomposition of methyl orange with TiO2; and (3) adsorption of rhodamine on montmorillonite. In general, the method via digital images showed high reproducibility and analytical frequency, allowing the execution of simultaneous analyses, with an accuracy comparable to UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The method developed herein is a practical and valuable alternative for obtaining kinetic data of heterogeneous reactions and processes where a color change is involved, bypassing sampling collection and processing which decreases analytical frequency and may lead to data errors.

Toward visual chiral recognition of amino acids using a wide-range color tonality ratiometric nanoprobe

Chiral recognition has long been a challenging issue to deal with in biological systems, drug design and food authentication. Implementing nanoparticle-based probes with intrinsic or induced chirality in this field has addressed several issues concerning sensitivity, reliability, rapidness and the cost of chiral sensing platforms. Yet, research into chiral nanoprobes that can be used for visual monitoring of chiral substances is still in its infancy. As part of this study, a visual chiral recognition platform has been developed in which a combination of blue-emitting carbon dots (BCDs) and mercaptopropionic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots (MPA-QDs) with inherent chiroptical activity were employed for enantiomeric detection. The ratiometric probe displayed unique fluorescence response patterns in the presence of arginine (Arg) and histidine (His) enantiomers. Upon addition of l-amino acids, successive enhancement and quenching of emission intensity as well as a red-shift in emission wavelength of MPA-QDs were observed. The emission color of the nanoprobe changed from green to pink-red and green to brick-red red by increasing the concentration of L-Arg and L-His, respectively.In contrast, their d-amino acid equivalents have a negligible influence on the emission color and fluorescence signal of the developed nanoprobe. Due to the enantioselective vibrant color changes of the nanoprobe, RGB analysis was applied for the determination of enantiomeric excess (ee) in racemic mixture with satisfactory results, allowing smartphone-based onsite visual evaluation of ee (%). Circular dichroism, lifetime, size distribution and ζ-potential measurements were employed to study the chiroselective responses. First-principle calculations were also carried out with density functional theory (DFT) to confirm the experimental observation. Furthermore, chiroselective response patterns of the ratiometric nanoprobe were manipulated to construct a logic gate system mimicking AND, OR, and INHIBIT functions. The capability of the proposed chiral platform in visual monitoring of the fraction of enantiomers in racemic mixtures has a great potential for rapid and onsite visual discrimination of chiral compounds in the field of clinical diagnostics and drug analysis.

Cas12a-assisted RTF-EXPAR for accurate, rapid and simple detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA

Developing highly accurate and simple approaches to rapidly identify and isolate SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is important for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We, herein, reported the performance of a Cas12a-assisted RTF-EXPAR strategy for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This assay combined the advantages of RTF-EXPAR with CRISPR-Cas12a can detect SARS-CoV-2 within 40 min, requiring only isothermal control. Particularly, the simultaneous use of EXPAR amplification and CRISPR improved the detection sensitivity, thereby realizing ultrasensitive SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection with a detection limit of 3.77 aM (∼2 copies/μL) in an end-point fluorescence read-out fashion, and at 4.81 aM (∼3 copies/μL) level via a smartphone-assisted analysis system (RGB analysis). Moreover, Cas12a increases the specificity by intrinsic sequence-specific template recognition. Overall, this method is fast, sensitive, and accurate, needing minimal equipment, which holds great promise to meet the requirements of point-of-care molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Smartphone readable colorimetry and ICP-MS dual-mode sensing platform for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of Escherichia coli based on filter-assisted separation

The development and application of portable and user-friendly biosensing technology for rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria are essential for human and environmental care. In this work, based on the phenomenon that the filter membrane can selectively separate MnO2 nanosheets (MnO2 NSs) and Mn2+, a novel label-free sensing platform was developed to detect the Escherichia coli (E. coli) using β-galactosidase (β-Gal) as a marker. MnO2 NSs were utilized as a dual-mode signal molecule of smartphone-based colorimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). β-Gal can catalyze the 4-Aminophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (PAPG) to produce p-aminophenol (PAP), which could reduce MnO2 NSs to Mn2+. After selective separation of MnO2 NSs and Mn2+ by the filter, colorimetric detection was achieved with a smartphone by identifying the RGB value of the MnO2 NSs coated membrane, while the Mn2+ in the filtrate was detected by ICP-MS. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of E. coli by smartphone-based RGB analysis and ICP-MS were 5.6 × 103 CFU mL−1 and 35 CFU mL−1, respectively. This method was successfully used for E. coli assay in meat, vegetables, and fruit samples with the advantages of sensitivity, simplicity, and short incubation time (within 1 h).

Benzotrithiophene-based covalent organic frameworks for real-time visual onsite assays of enrofloxacin

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that has been used to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture extensively. ENR might accumulate in the body and cause severe liver damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for rapid detection of ENR. Herein, amine monomers with different numbers of amino groups, charge and length (1,3-diaminoguanidine monohydrochloride: DMGH, triaminoguanidine hydrochloride: TAGH, hydrazine: H) were used to regulate the fluorescence of benzotrithiophene tricar-baldehyde (BTT)-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for real-time visual onsite assays of ENR for the first time. The C3 symmetric COFBTT-TAGH only had one emission peak at 540 nm, while C6 symmetric COFBTT-DMGH and COFBTT-H had two emission peaks. COFBTT-TAGH could achieve the color transition from green to blue with increasing ENR. Thus test paper and gel were designed as real-time detection tools, combined with a smartphone APP. The detection limits obtained by RGB analysis were 106.2 nM for test paper and 26.00 nM for test gel, respectively. This method was applied to detect ENR in fish and clam metabolite successfully. This work also provides important reference to regulate fluorescence of COFs according to actual application.

Visual monitoring of silver ions and cysteine using bi-ligand Eu-based metal organic framework as a reference signal: Color tonality

Multicolor visual sensing approach significantly improves accuracy, reproducibility and detection rate of targets. Herein, a novel red emitter bi-ligand Eu-based metal organic framework (BiL-Eu-MOF) was successfully synthesized using a one step solvothermal method and was evaluated as a reference signal for multicolor visual-based ratiometry detection. The synergistic effects offered by the double ligand and Eu significantly showed red shift excitation towards many cations and anions and fluorescence stability at least for 6 months. As a fluorescent multicolor-visual probe, selective blue emitter carbon dots to Ag+ ions were encapsulated into the pores of the red emissive of BiL-Eu-MOF to form blue-purple color. Addition of Ag+ ions changed emission color from blue-purple to red, while addition of cysteine (Cys) restored the original blue-purple color. Employing RGB analysis using smartphone, the detection mode showed good linearity of Ag+ and Cys in the range of 0–660 and 0–405 μM with limit of detection of 2.1 and 0.15 μM, respectively. Ultimately, our probe was applied for the quantification of silver ions in water samples and Cys in human serum samples showing excellent accuracy and precision.

Amine-incorporated quinoxaline based fluorescent sensor for detection of trace water: Solvent influenced self-assembly

Polarity is a complex parameter, with important effect in chemistry and biology. In recent years, polarity exploration attracted more and more attention hence, it’s of great importance to exploit new methods for polarity determination. A novel class of long, coplanar, and amine incorporated electron-rich quinoxaline scaffold(L1) furnished maximum solvatochromic effect and large Stokes shift and was chosen to determine water content in organic solvents e.g. acetonitrile, THF, DMF, and methanol through fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, the probe was found to perform as an effective fluorescent sensor for the quantitative detection of low-level moisture content in four commonly-used organic solvents with low detection limits (0.018%, 0.027%, 0.012%, and 0.43% respectively). This study also describes the morphological transformation of L1 form a fibrous network to spherical aggregates upon increasing water content in several organic solvents. Real-life implementation of the probe was successfully employed for the detection of moisture content in commercial food products and building materials such as cement, sand, limestone, salt, wheat, and detergent powder. Furthermore, probe L1-immersed easy-to-prepare test strips provide a reliable approach for qualitative monitoring of water content in organic solvents by a simple color-changing method under UV irradiation via smartphone-assisted RGB analysis.

Colorimetric microneedle patches for multiplexed transdermal detection of metabolites

Skin Interstitial Fluid (ISF) is an alternative source for biomarkers. Herein, a highly swellable microneedle patch (MNP) to rapidly extract ISF painlessly and bloodlessly is presented. The MNP is made of crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) and dissolvable hyaluronic acid (HA) with the optimal balance of mechanical strength (0.6 N/MN) and absorption capability (16.22 μL in 20 min). Incorporated with wax-patterned and sensing-reagent-decorated test paper (TP) for multiplexed colorimetric detection of metabolites (glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and pH), this TP-MNP biosensor gives rapid color change in biomarker concentration-dependent manner based on specific enzymatic reactions, whereby allowing diagnosis by the naked eye or quantitative RGB analysis. Both the in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the feasibility of TP-MNPs to detect multiple biomarkers in skin interstitial fluid within minutes. Such convenient and self-administrable profiling of metabolites shall be instrumental for home-based long-term monitoring and management of metabolic diseases.

Quantitative Determination of Ethylene Using a Smartphone-Based Optical Fiber Sensor (SOFS) Coupled with Pyrene-Tagged Grubbs Catalyst.

For rapid and portable detection of ethylene in commercial fruit ripening storage rooms, we designed a smartphone-based optical fiber sensor (SOFS), which is composed of a 15 mW 365 nm laser for fluorescence signal excitation and a bifurcated fiber system for signal flow direction from probe to smartphone. Paired with a pyrene-tagged Grubbs catalyst (PYG) probe, our SOFS showed a wide linearity range up to 350 ppm with a detection limit of 0.6 ppm. The common gases in the warehouse had no significant interference with the results. The device is portable (18 cm × 8 cm × 6 cm) with an inbuilt power supply and replaceable optical fiber sensor tip. The images are processed with a dedicated smartphone application for RGB analysis and ethylene concentration. The device was applied in detection of ethylene generated from apples, avocados, and bananas. The linear correlation data showed agreement with data generated from a fluorometer. The SOFS provides a rapid, compact, cost-effective solution for determination of the fruit ethylene concentration dynamic during ripening for better fruit harvest timing and postharvest management to minimize wastage.

A smartphone-integrated optical sensing platform based on Lycium ruthenicum derived carbon dots for real-time detection of Ag+

Growing global environmental pollution problems challenge the need for converting biomass into an advantageous product. In this paper, Lycium ruthenicum is successfully turned into beneficial green emissive (527 nm) fluorescent nitrogen doping carbon dots (N-CDs) via the hydrothermal treatment for the first time. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of N-CDs are demonstrated to be about 4.5 and 0.73 nm, respectively. The N-CDs possess an extremely stable green fluorescence and quantum yield up to 21.8%. Meaningfully, N-CDs exhibit a good linear relationship with Ag+ in the range of 0.7–36 μM, and its detection limit is determined to be 59 nM. The practicability of the fluorescent probe is further validated in lake water and the satisfactory spiked recoveries of Ag+ ranges from 98.99% to 104.19%. Besides, based on the sensitive and selective photoluminescence quenching properties, a smartphone-based laboratory device and RGB analysis software are used to directly capture and analyze fluorescence images with a sensitive detection limit of 83 nM for Ag+. This novel sensor based on N-CDs and smartphone provides a reliable way for on-site monitoring of Ag+ and expands application prospect in the field of environmental pollution detection.

Smartphone-based portable fluorescence sensor with gold nanoparticle mediation for selective detection of nitrite ions

A simple, portable device for the detection of NO2– via a fluorescence method was developed. The proposed device consisted of a dark box containing a blue LED as a low-power excitation light source and a smartphone with a mobile application for RGB analysis as a light detector. Detection was mediated by using synthesized cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-stabilized gold nanoparticles (CTAB-AuNPs). The CTAB-AuNPs were etched with NO2– to yield Au3+, which catalyzes the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) in the presence of H2O2 to generate 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP). Triton X-100 (TX-100) micelles were introduced to improve the DAP fluorescence emission. The fluorescence intensity of DAP was recorded by the smartphone in terms of RGB intensity, which was correlated with the NO2– concentration. This method provided a wide linear working concentration range (0.5–100 μM), a limit of detection of 0.17 μM and excellent selectivity for NO2– over other anions.

A Novel Truncated DNAzyme Modified Paper Analytical Device for Point-of-Care Test of Copper Ions in Natural Waters

On-site determination of trace copper ions in natural waters is of great significance to environmental monitoring, and how to develop accurate and specific point-of-care test methods is one critical issue. In the study, a paper-based analytical device (PAD) being modified with a new truncated DNAzyme (CLICK-T, which was derived from a reported DNAzyme-CLICK-17) was developed for Cu ions detection. The detection mechanism was based on Cu(II)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Cu(II)AAC) reaction. It can directly conduct on-site analysis of Cu(II) ions based on fluorescent signals detected using a mobile phone. In the assay, the CLICK-T was firstly modified on the PADs. Then, water samples containing Cu ions mixed with 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin and 3-butyn-1-ol were instantly dripped on PADs and incubated for 20 min. Finally, the PADs were excited at 365 nm and emitted fluorescence which could be analyzed on site using smart phones. The Cu(II) concentration could be quantified through RGB analysis with the aid of iPhone APP software. The limit of detection is 0.1 µM by the naked eye due to the fact that CLICK-T exhibited a good catalytic effect on Cu(II)AAC. The Cu(II) concentration could also be directly detected without using reductant, such as ascorbic acid, which is prone to be oxidized in air. This simplifies the PDA detection process improves its efficiency. The PAD is convenient for the on-site analysis of Cu ions in natural waters.

Organic Cation Receptor for Colorimetric Lateral Flow Device: Detection of Zearalenone in Food Samples.

As per the WHO reports, it has been estimated that almost 25% of food crops contain mycotoxins as the major contaminant. In this work, we developed a paper-based colorimetric lateral flow device (CLFD) impregnated with an organic cation receptor (OCR) for sensitive and selective detection of zearalenone (ZEN). Various techniques such as ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption, cyclic voltammetry, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used for the detection of mycotoxins, and it was observed that OCR shows sensitivity and selectivity toward zearalenone (ZEN) only, irrespective of any other analytes. Furthermore, the colorimetric test revealed that the developed OCR shows a change in color with the addition of ZEN from greenish-gray to blue that is visible to the naked eye. The quantification of ZEN was also achieved using RGB analysis and compared with UV-visible spectroscopy data. Further, for the on-site detection of ZEN, a paper-based CLFD was also developed and used to evaluate the spiked corn sample containing ZEN, and it provided significant results with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.31 nM (3σ method), good linearity (R2 = 0.9702), good reproducibility (SD = ±6%, triplicate), and good recovery of ZEN of 95-102% with a variation coefficient (VC) varying from 1.56 to 4.62%. Therefore, the device has the potential to check the mycotoxin toxicity in food products and is helpful in remote and developing areas.

Simultaneous Seismic Deep Attribute Extraction and Attribute Fusion

Seismic attributes comprise an effective method for oil and gas reservoir characterization and prediction. Hundreds of seismic attributes have been introduced in the last 30 years. Among the seismic attributes targeting different reservoir features, the autoencoder (AE) receives a significant amount of attention, as it extracts deep attributes of seismic data, providing more details of seismic lateral features than other seismic waveform data and seismic attributes. However, data-driven deep attributes bring new challenges to interpretation as they lack the support of intrinsic physical mechanisms. Hence, a shared AE (S-AE) method is proposed in this article, which can extract seismic deep attributes and fuse traditional seismic attributes simultaneously. An S-AE is a revised version of an AE, which consists of an encoder and decoder. An S-AE takes the seismic waveform as the input of the encoder and obtains the deep attribute, and the decoder then transforms the deep attribute to reconstruct the seismic waveforms and attributes. In an S-AE, the network in front of the decoder is shared, while the networks after the decoder consist of independent layers. Such a network structure ensures the effect of reconstruction and associates seismic attributes with the extracted deep attribute, so as to achieve the purpose of attribute fusion and deep attribute extraction. The proposed S-AE method is compared with conventional seismic data fusion methods, such as RGB and principal component analysis, and the superiority of the S-AE is demonstrated in both synthetic and field applications.