Revisionary Approach Research Articles

The present and future status of oral and maxillofacial pathology in Iran: A multicenter study

Background: At present, the status of oral and maxillofacial pathology (OMFP) in the country is not properly good. This study aimed to investigate the current status and develop practical approaches to improve occupational condition of the specialty in the future from the viewpoint of the beneficiaries.Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The participants were oral and maxillofacial pathologists of the country (200 individuals), OMFP residents (9 individuals), and final year dental students at six dentistry school of the country at 2020 (200 individuals) through multicenter design. At the first phase, the related questionnaires were developed and assessed psychometrically. Reliability of the questionnaires, internal consistency, and repeatability were computed and confirmed. At the second phase, the survey questionnaires on the current and future condition were sent electronically to the study groups. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests (mean, standard deviation, percentage) and the Pearson test using SPSS.Results: At the first phase, after primary design of the study too, 23 variables with content validity ratio below 0.56 and content validity index (CVI) below 0.79 were omitted. The questionnaire for the specialists was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as 0.83, and the questionnaire for the students and the residents were confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 and ICC of 0.80. Results of the second phase showed that score of tendency of students to select OMFP specialty to continue education was 1.58 ± 0.57 from 5. Satisfaction score of specialists on specialized activity of this specialty is 2.7 ± 1.52 from 5. The most important reason for the students to select this specialty was “interest in being faculty member,” and the “difficulty of the specialty” was the most probable reason for not selecting this specialty. The most important priority of the residents was “interest in specialty” and for the specialists was “being faculty member.” The most important reason to change attitude regarding the specialty by the specialists was mentioned as “high occupational and profession responsibility as well as low income” with the score of 1.38 ± 3.99. “Fundamental revision in the educational curriculum of the specialty” with a score of 4.60 ± 0.93 from 5 was considered as the most important revisionary approach from the viewpoint of specialists.Conclusion: At present, the main problem regarding the OMPF specialty in the country is “high number of graduates and lack of the present occupational opportunities.” Evaluation and validation of the relevant specialized departments, producing occupational opportunities, and fundamental revision in the educational curriculum to train well-powered specialists are necessary.

Explanation, persistence, and location

According to the “received view” the disagreement between endurantism and perdurantism is ontological and concerns the existence of temporal parts of continuants. In a recent paper, (Wasserman 2016) argues that the ontological conception of these theories does not address the crucial point: explaining the way things persist. According to Wasserman, perdurantism is not just the view that things have temporal parts; it is the view that things persist by (or in virtue of) having temporal parts. Moreover, in the last decade an alternative understanding of the dispute between endurantism and perdurantism, the so called “locative turn”, has lead to an understanding of these two theories as concerning crucially locational rather than mereological notions. Our main aim in this paper is to bring together those two revisionary approaches to the received view, and show how they can enrich each other and open up further dimension of the debate. Finally in the last section we focus on some of the non-standard accounts of persistence and location that arise from this approach, such as “autonomism of persistence and location” and “reverse locational endurantism/perdurantism”.

Engineering Human Beauty

ABSTRACT Individual differences in bodily beauty result in significant differences in life outcomes. Some such differences seem unwarranted. On this basis, various authors have argued that there is a kind of discrimination—lookism—that affects those who are aesthetically disadvantaged. Several strategies have been proposed to address lookism. One aim of this paper is to draw a distinction between two sorts of anti-lookist strategies. Redistributive approaches propose to alter the current distribution of beauty, either by broadening beauty standards, or by giving individuals more options to improve their appearance. Revisionary approaches argue that we should drop our current conception of human beauty in favour of one that is more compatible with social justice goals. Another aim of the paper is to argue that two problems posed by revisionary strategies represent a prima facie reason to prefer redistributive ones. Both problems are rooted in a trade-off between value and justice that is characteristic of revisionary approaches.

The Humean pragmatic turn and the case for revisionary best systems accounts

Lewis’s original Best Systems Account of laws was not motivated much by pragmatics. But recent commentary on his general approach to laws has taken a ‘pragmatic turn’. This was initiated by Hall’s defence against the charge of ‘ratbag idealism’ which maintained that best systems accounts should be admired rather than criticised for the inherent pragmatism behind their choice of desiderata for what counts as ‘best’. Emboldened by Hall’s pragmatic turn, recent commentators have proposed the addition of pragmatically motivated desiderata to complement or replace the canonical desiderata of strength and simplicity. This, they hope, will allow their revisionary BSAs to respond better to various counterexamples against the original account. While the pragmatic turn itself is well taken, here I problematise these revisionary approaches. First, there are reasonable responses to the counterexamples from within the canonical BSA. Second, while actual laws may satisfy the newly proposed desiderata, there are reasons to think these desiderata cannot be constitutive of laws. By comparison, the canonical desiderata appear to be relevant to explaining why and when the revisionary desiderata will reflect pragmatic features of the laws and better reflect the motives behind practitioners of fundamental physics.

The New Modernist Studies ed. by Douglas Mao

Reviewed by: The New Modernist Studies ed. by Douglas Mao Gül Bilge Han The New Modernist Studies. Edited by Douglas Mao. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Modernist studies over the past few decades have undergone a radical sea change that has altered some of the field’s long-standing assumptions about the foundations and meanings of modernism as a theoretical and historical category. Recent critical interventions into what is now commonly referred to as “the new modernist studies” have charted paths that extend the traditional axis of modernism beyond early twentieth-century Euro-American arts and literature. By showing how modernist works operate in diverse geographical locations and cultural forms, and on different timelines, these scholarly activities have transgressed modernism’s previous disciplinary boundaries in various “spatial, temporal and vertical directions,” as Douglas Mao and Rebecca L. Walkowitz wrote in their seminal essay “The New Modernist Studies,” published in PMLA in May 2008 (737). Such efforts have led to the reconfiguration of modernism as a polycentric rather than a singular phenomenon while rendering the term itself increasingly elusive and at times hard to grasp. The publication of this new collection of essays, The New Modernist Studies, continues and advances such critical work by rigorously documenting and responding to the field’s key areas of debate and self-inquiry, which were first developed in edited volumes such as Bad Modernisms (Duke UP, 2006), The Oxford Handbook of Global Modernisms (Oxford UP, 2012), and A New Vocabulary for Global Modernism (Columbia UP, 2016), and recently anthologized in The New Modernist Studies Reader (Bloomsbury, 2021), to list but a few. With its fourteen essays divided into two parts, “Histories” and “Horizons,” the current volume, edited by Mao, both historicizes the critical currents of (the new) modernist studies from its origins to the present (Part I) and identifies productive points of departure for fresh paths of inquiry oriented toward the future (Part II). The two essays in “Histories,” by Michael North and Mark Wollaeger, provide a useful and comprehensive overview of the birth and growth of modernism’s trajectory as a cultural, intellectual, and academic formation. The remaining twelve essays in “Horizons” collectively explore a wide array of topics from a largely contextualizing perspective with a simultaneous emphasis on textual specificities and formal features. The volume undertakes the task of rethinking text-context relations in ways that resist the immediate prioritization of context over textual meaning. Such prioritization of context can be said to have dominated the field of the new modernist studies from its inception. Several chapters set out to explore modernism’s spatial and global dimensions, highlighting patterns of transaction between diverse cultural and geographical contexts as well as individual texts and movements. María del Pilar Blanco’s contribution begins with a theoretical reflection on the notion of the planetary, which critically builds on previous models developed particularly by Gayatri Spivak and Susan Stanford Friedman. Taking as its case study Spanish American modernismo and French Décadence, the essay underscores the continuities and ruptures between the two movements through translation, linguistic correspondence, and individual travel. Modernismo ’s encounters [End Page 118] with the Décadence movement serve as a testing ground for comparative, planetary readings that nevertheless remain cautious of flattening out the temporal and linguistic boundaries through a homogenizing Anglo-American institutional lens. This revisionary approach to modernism as a global and transnational project emerges as a key concern in several other essays from a notably broad range of angles: Friedman’s chapter, for instance, proposes transnationally situated comparative readings that bring together figures like Rabindranath Tagore and E. M. Forster based on their mutual engagement with religious identity and empire. Aarthi Vadde probes the formal and conceptual allegiances between the technological and scientific engineering of international auxiliary languages, on the one hand, and mid-twentieth-century global modernist literature, on the other. Steven S. Lee’s contribution examines the global revolutionary projects of communism before and after the Cold War as a generative force for modernist aesthetics’ engagement with social realism. Edwin Hill is equally invested in uncovering modernism’s wider cultural and spatial flows in his exploration of noir film and its use of jazz as a...

Confronting the Postmodern Intersection of Markets, Development, Globalization, and Technology: The Necessary Radical Vision of Nikhilesh Dholakia

An extensive and complex literature precedes Nikilesh Dholakia critical perspectives on globalization, post-modernity, technology, and development. He invites readers to rethink everything that the Dominant Social Paradigm, capitalist forms of exchange, and western cultures have implanted in mainstream marketing academia. His literature inspires and dares the researcher to explore radical propositions in the intersections of marketing and postmodernity: from early studies on electronic marketspaces and the role of technology in global consumption culture, the developmental analysis of non-aligned and non-represented countries, to the essential analysis of marketing and postmodernism. Nikilesh Dholakia has embraced a critical mindset which encourages brave revisionary approaches, interdisciplinary permeability and collaboration, theoretical openness, and to radically challenge neoliberal paradoxes in globalized markets. He remains hopeful of finding cooperative solutions among international scholars who are unafraid to question capitalist dogmas.

Why the West Could Not Hear Beale Street: Baldwin’s World-Sense of Female Sexuality

While scholars have noted James Baldwin’s revisionary and transformative literary approach to social constructions of race, class, gender, and crime, there has been very little conversation in that vein regarding If Beale Street Could Talk (1974). Upon its publication, many critics issued negative reviews of the novel, failing to recognize how Baldwin’s view of female sexuality both embraced notions of the body and constructs from an African-centered world-sense. Using a range of theoretical resources from Africana Studies, this paper analyzes how moving beyond Western frameworks regarding knowledge, sexual discourse, and behavior offers a new interpretation of Baldwin’s aims that reclaims and re-imagines Black sexual politics.

Love and Desire in Coetzee’s Disgrace and Waiting for the Barbarians: A Levinasian Approach

This paper explores the possibility of presenting a philosophical analysis of two novels, Waiting for the Barbarians and Disgrace, by J. M. Coetzee, through a Levinasian ethical perspective. Levinas’s philosophy is premised on the ethical responsibility of the self for the other. Redefining philosophy as the wisdom of love, Levinas embarks upon a revisionary approach to re-defining concepts such as love, desire, and responsibility that dominate and mediate the relationship between the self and the other. These reconfigured terms accommodate Levinas’s distinctive ethical standpoint, one that is geared towards valorizing the other over the self. The novels examined in this article similarly manifest a tendency to prioritize the other in its destitution and vulnerability. My discussion of Waiting for the Barbarians will be built around the relationship between the Magistrate and the Barbarian girl. I contend that their non-carnal relationship can be interpreted in terms of a transcendental and nonontological conception of desire. As such, desire becomes an obsession which cannot be shaken off. Desire of this kind liberates the self from egoism. In Disgrace I will explore the concept of love as maternity. Lucy’s refusal to abort her pregnancy reverberates with Levinas’s argument about maternal love as a self-effacing form of devotion. In both novels the question of the ethical body and its vulnerability will also be examined. The aim is to show how insatiable desire and maternal love can be manifestations of the ethical responsibility expounded by Levinas

Generalized Revenge

ABSTRACTSince Saul Kripke’s influential work in the 1970s, the revisionary approach to semantic paradox—the idea that semantic paradoxes must be solved by weakening classical logic—has been increasingly popular. In this paper, we present a new revenge argument to the effect that the main revisionary approaches breed new paradoxes that they are unable to block.

Every Performance Is a Stage: Musical Stage Theory as a Novel Account for the Ontology of Musical Works

This paper defends Musical Stage Theory as a novel account of the ontology of musical works. Its main claim is that a musical work is a performance. The significance of this argument is twofold. First, it demonstrates the availability of an alternative, and ontologically tenable, view to well-established positions in the current debate on musical metaphysics. Second, it shows how the revisionary approach of Musical Stage Theory actually provides a better account of the ontological status of musical works.

Na\xefve validity

Beall and Murzi (J Philos 110(3):143–165, 2013) introduce an object-linguistic predicate for naïve validity, governed by intuitive principles that are inconsistent with the classical structural rules (over sufficiently expressive base theories). As a consequence, they suggest that revisionary approaches to semantic paradox must be substructural. In response to Beall and Murzi, Field (Notre Dame J Form Log 58(1):1–19, 2017) has argued that naïve validity principles do not admit of a coherent reading and that, for this reason, a non-classical solution to the semantic paradoxes need not be substructural. The aim of this paper is to respond to Field’s objections and to point to a coherent notion of validity which underwrites a coherent reading of Beall and Murzi’s principles: grounded validity. The notion, first introduced by Nicolai and Rossi (J Philos Log. doi:10.1007/s10992-017-9438-x, 2017), is a generalisation of Kripke’s notion of grounded truth (J Philos 72:690–716, 1975), and yields an irreflexive logic. While we do not advocate the adoption of a substructural logic (nor, more generally, of a revisionary approach to semantic paradox), we take the notion of naïve validity to be a legitimate semantic notion that points to genuine expressive limitations of fully structural revisionary approaches.

Lost in Translation?: Gender, Power, and Taste in Dany Laferrière's Le Goût des jeunes filles

The translation of Dany Laferrière's Le Goût des jeunes filles (The Taste of Young Girls) into the English title, Dining with the Dictator, represents a curious movement toward a far more palatable (re)vision of power distribution in Haiti. The addition of the word “dictator” in the English title explicitly situates the dinner guests in a less empowered position. The cunning linguistic playfulness and agency implicit in the phrase le goût (or “the taste”), in the French title, is evicted from the “young girls” and bestowed upon the dictator. Moreover, the revisionary approach displayed in the title change, extends to the conclusion of the novel as well. As with the French title, the dedication also suggests that for the author (and possibly the narrator?), the women are the center of the narrative. However, in light of this proclamation, the conspicuous absence of two concluding segments that focus on the two generations of women in the novel left me very puzzled. I only became aware of the exclusions when Dany Laferrière brought it to my attention during the Haiti in a Globalized Frame conference. We hope that this translation will bring another layer of critical engagement to discourses of gender, sexuality, and power in Caribbean literature.

Doing without (arguing about) desert

This paper is a critical discussion of Manuel Vargas’ Building Better Beings, focusing on the treatment of desert therein. By means of an analogy between morality and sport, I examine some seemingly peculiar implications of Vargas’ teleological and revisionary account of desert. I also consider some general questions of philosophical methodology provoked by revisionary approaches.

Paradox and Logical Revision. A Short Introduction

Logical orthodoxy has it that classical first-order logic,orsome extension thereof, provides the right extension of thelogical consequence relation. However, together with nai¨vebut intuitive principles about semantic notions such astruth, denotation, satisfaction, and possibly validity andother nai¨ve logical properties, classical logic quickly leadsto inconsistency, and indeed triviality. At least since thepublication of Kripke’s Outline of a theory of truth (Kripke1975), an increasingly popular diagnosis has been torestore consistency, or at least non-triviality, by restrictingsome classical rules. Our modest aim in this note is tobriefly introduce the main strands of the current debate onparadox and logical revision, and point to some of thepotential challenges revisionary approaches might face,with reference to the nine contributions to the presentvolume.

Bridal-Quest Epics in Medieval Germany: A Revisionary Approach

Bridal-Quest Epics in Medieval Germany: A Revisionary Approach

Strange Parts: The Metaphysics of Non‐classical Mereologies

AbstractThe dominant theory of parts and wholes – classical extensional mereology – has faced a number of challenges in the recent literature. This article gives a sampling of some of the alleged counterexamples to some of the more controversial principles involving the connections between parthood and identity. Along the way, some of the main revisionary approaches are reviewed. First, counterexamples to extensionality are reviewed. The ‘supplementation’ axioms that generate extensionality are examined more carefully, and a suggested revision is considered. Second, the paper considers an alternative approach that focuses the blame on antisymmetry but allows us to keep natural supplementation axioms. Third, we look at counterexamples to the idempotency of composition and the associated ‘parts just once’ principle. We explore options for developing weaker mereologies that avoid such commitments.

Ontological characterization of functions: Perspectives for capturing functions and modeling guidelines

AbstractThe authors have been involved in ontological modeling of function for over 15 years. As an instance of the revisionary approach discussed in Vermaas's position paper, we have proposed an ontological definition of function and a modeling framework based on it, which has been deployed in industry. In addition, as an instance of the overarching approach, we have proposed a reference ontology of function that explains some kinds, definitions, and practical expressions of functions. In this paper, we explain our methodology in an overarching approach based onperspectives for capturing functions. When one captures a function of an artifact, one focuses on a specific aspect of the artifact from a specific perspective. In this paper, we conceptualize such perspectives behind the reference ontology. In addition, based on our experiences in deployment in an industrial setting, we report some solutions, such as ontological modeling guidelines, for overcoming some of the difficulties faced in the practical functional modeling approach described in Eckert's position paper. Our findings suggest that such solutions will help engineers to describe consistent functional models compliant with a single definition of function.

Enter

In cowriting this article, we set out to (re)vision qualitative research data. From the domain of “traditional” methods of interviewing, we attempted to slip—differently and productively—away from data conceptualized as stable, knowable, and collectible. Our revisionary approach was to view data as words at play in theory. Deleuze and Guattari’s (1980/1987) logic of the AND encouraged our experimentation, and so paired with their concept of the rhizome, we began to think and do data differently, by mapping connections, movements, and flows of data/words across a visual script: situating data in a dynamic space of multiplicity, unsettling constraints within the discourse of scholarship. We conceptualized ho/rhizoanalysis, rendering the joyful currents of connection and expression that data invites. What can become on the written page is a structure that is both bounded, yet in which, we can still play.

Raising Questions: Modernism, Genre, Text

Raising Questions: Modernism, Genre, Text Paula Marantz Cohen The first group of essays in this volume raises questions about what constitutes modernism and how works previously unconnected to the movement may relate to or extend our understanding of it. Matthew Levay explores the importance of Gertrude Stein’s detective novel, Blood on the Dining Room Floor, arguing that the work shows Stein combining an experimental aesthetic with a popular one, thereby bringing modernist ideas to a larger, middlebrow audience. The second piece, by Cecily Swanson, challenges the parameters of modernism through a discussion of Muriel Draper’s NBC radio program, It’s a Woman’s World, and her 1929 memoir of her music salon. Swanson maintains that Draper’s conversation about music with her mostly female audience adds a new dimension to our understanding of the musical medium and of the modernist enterprise: it both challenges the notion that music is impersonal and incorporates the responses of an audience of female listeners and readers into a blended oral and written aesthetic. The two essays that follow expand the way an individual work has been conceived within the modernist canon. Timothy C. Baker looks at James Leslie Mitchell’s A Scots Quair, traditionally viewed narrowly within Scottish literary canon, and shows its relevance to modernist ideas of fiction and romance. Likewise, W.E.B. Du Buois’s novel Dark Princess, often taken as a propagandist work, is recontextualized by Syndey Bufkin as an effort to relate the romantic tradition that it invokes to a utopian idea of the novel. The remaining pieces deal with more contemporary questions and forms of critical definition and reconsideration. Isidore Diala sees Isidore Okpewho’s 2004 novel Call Me by My Rightful Name as a departure from his earlier, more realistic work in its incorporation of magical realism, folk imagination, and orality. Diala argues that this work oppposes Western novelistic techniques while also, precariously, supporting myths about Africa. F. Meltem Gürle takes a revisionary approach to the Turkish Bildungsroman, arguing that the genre’s protagonist does not, like his Western counterpart, become a reformed idealist but ends, instead, in a state of pure contemplation. This, says Gürle, reflects the unresolved conflict between tradition and modernity in Turkish culture. Corinna K. Lee looks at Tillie Olsen’s Yonnondio: From the Thirties, a work begun in 1932 but published in 1974, as an example of literary recovery — not an unfinished work but one that has been reclaimed according to a newer documentary aesthetic. Finally, Ondrea E. [End Page v] Ackerman discusses Robert Grenier’s provocative drawing poems as innovative explorations of what a text can be understood to be. The books reviewed at the end of this issue continue the discussion of questions raised in these essays. [End Page vi] Copyright © 2013 Indiana University Press

Whitehead and Analytic Philosophy of Mind

Abstract My purpose in this essay is to provide a critical survey of arguments within recent analytic philosophy regarding the so-called "mind-body problem" with aparticular view toward the relationship between these arguments and the philosophy of A.N. Whitehead (and Charles Hartshorne’s closely related views). In course, I shall argue that Whitehead’s panexperientialist physicalism avoids paradoxes and difficulties of both materialist-physicalism and Cartesian dualism as advocated by a variety of analytic philosophers. However, and I believe that this point is not often sufficiently recognized, analytic philosophy of mind is no monolith, and there are those who have found some form of panexperientialism to be attractive enough to merit serious consideration or even full-fledged acceptance (David Chalmers, Thomas Nagel, Ralph Pred, William Seager, and Galen Strawson among them). A critical discussion of such thinkers should be included in any adequate survey of the relation between process panexperientialism and the analytic tradition. Moreover, the revisionary strain of the analytical tradition which looks to natural science for its construction ofworldviews (Broad, Russell, Bunge, Carnap, Quine, etc.) would move us in the direction of examining arguments concerning Whitehead’s view and contemporary empirical scientific considerations. (For a discussion of the basic nature of analytic philosophy and the descriptive and revisionary approaches contained within it, see my Process and Analysis, 5-9, 12-13, 57; and McHenry.) Here I shall argue that Whiteheadian panexperientialism very naturally accommodates important aspects of quantum theory, including the top-down causation involved in neuroplastic phenomena under a quantum mechanical interpretation of brain processes and in so-called Quantum Zeno Effect. The overall picture which emerges is that Whitehead’s position is (at the very least) a strongly plausible alternative in philosophy of mind. While I must confess that this essay can only represent the merest sketch—indeed an adequate treatment of the richly complex interpretive, comparative, and substantive philosophical issues here requires at the very least a monograph—I nonetheless hope to present a coherent and useful précis of major arguments and comparative conceptual relationships, especially for the reader who may not be readily familiar with this terrain. I thus hope that this essay will serve as a short expository and critical introduction to the interface between process and analytic philosophy of mind, and a presentation of the several theoretical advantages gained by listening to Whitehead’s theory as it connects with concerns of analytic philosophers. I shall proceed by first working though the main outlines of John Searle’s important and widely reaching "The Recent History of Materialism," an essay which exposes critical flaws in a variety of materialist theories in ways which Whiteheadians should find especially fitting and congenial. I shall then examine defenses of dualism and the relation of Whitehead to such defenses, followed by a separate section on Chalmers, Nagel, and Pred. I will then consider a number of important objections to process panexperientialism, including objections arising from the work of Jaegwon Kim and John Searle. I close with a discussion of the mentioned empirical scientific arguments.