Revision Of Articles Research Articles

The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming

Breastfeeding is the best way to provide newborns with crucial nutrients and produce a unique bond between mother and child. Breast milk is rich in nutritious and non-nutritive bioactive components, such as immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins, hormones, fatty acids, and other constituents. Maternal effects during gestation and lactation can alter these components, influencing offspring outcomes. Chronic inflammatory maternal conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, impact breast milk composition. Breast milk from obese mothers exhibits changes in fat content, cytokine levels, and hormonal concentrations, potentially affecting infant growth and health. Similarly, diabetes alters the composition of breast milk, impacting immune factors and metabolic markers. Other pro-inflammatory conditions, such as dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, have been barely studied. Thus, maternal obesity, diabetes, and altered tension parameters have been described as modifying the composition of breast milk in its macronutrients and other important biomolecules, likely affecting the offspring’s weight. This review emphasizes the impact of chronic inflammatory conditions on breast milk composition and its potential implications for offspring development through the revision of full-access original articles.

Regulation Act of Torture in Criminal Code: Opportunity and Challenge to Improve Human Rights Situation in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the opportunities and challenges with regulating the criminal act of torture in Law No. 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP). The provisions regarding the criminal act of torture in the Criminal Code certainly open up opportunities in efforts to eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia. The provisions of Article 530 of the current Criminal Code and the explanatory section stipulate that this article directly derives from the provisions in the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. On the other hand, all efforts and mechanisms to eliminate the practice of torture in Indonesia still require many steps to be taken. This research was conducted using a normative juridical method with a statutory approach. This research also provides an explanation of several gaps from previous similar studies by explaining several novel analyses, such as: (1) the application of sanctions to perpetrators must be adjusted to the provisions of international instruments, (2) revision of various articles in the Criminal Procedure Code which has the potential to perpetuate the practice of torture, and (3) the urgency to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT). The conclusion of this research is an explanation that the regulation of criminal acts of torture in the provisions of the new Criminal Code needs to be appreciated, but of course it is not enough. The state must have high commitment and political will to revise the Criminal Procedure Code openly and involve the community, ratify OPCAT, implement national legal provisions, and ensure law enforcement against perpetrators.

Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well-known effects, novel tissue-specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging. To dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole-body gluco-insulinemic sensitivity. PubMed-based search with the following terms 'prolactin', 'glucose metabolism', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'gestational diabetes mellitus' was performed. The identification of the PRL-glucose metabolism network poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone. This review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic β-cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes. A careful evaluation and context-driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas, drug-related hyper- and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.

Bioactive Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Their Presence in Species from Chile.

Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of at least one fungal and one algal species. They are found in different environments around the world, even in the poles and deserts. Some species can withstand extreme abiotic conditions, including radiation and the vacuum of space. Their chemistry is mainly due to the fungal metabolism and the production of several secondary metabolites with biological activity, which have been isolated due to an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical community. However, beyond the experimental data, little is known about their mechanisms of action and the potential pharmaceutical use of these kinds of molecules, especially the ones isolated from lesser-known species and/or lesser-studied countries. The main objective of this review is to analyze the bibliographical data of the biological activity of secondary metabolites from lichens, identifying the possible mechanisms of action and lichen species from Chile. We carried out a bibliographic revision of different scientific articles in order to collect all necessary information on the biological activity of the metabolites of these lichen species. For this, validated databases were used. We found the most recent reports where in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the biological properties of these metabolites. The biological activity, namely anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, of 26 secondary metabolites are described, as well as their reported molecular mechanisms. The most notable metabolites found in this review were usnic acid, atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, and lobaric acid. Usnic acid was the most investigated metabolite, in addition to undergoing toxicological and pharmacological studies, where a hepatotoxicity effect was reported due to uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, no major studies have been made to validate the pharmacological application of these metabolites, and few advancements have been made in their artificial growth in bioreactors. Despite the described biological activities, there is little support to consider these metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations or to evaluate them in clinical trials. Nevertheless, it is important to carry out further studies regarding their possible human health effects. These lichen secondary metabolites present a promising research opportunity to find new pharmaceutical molecules due to their bioactive properties.

Корней Чуковский между «Одесскими новостями» и «Театральной Россией»

The article deals with a little-known episode of the literary activity of K.I. Chukovsky, which is characterized by the collaboration of the young critic in provincial and metropolitan periodicals. From spring to autumn 1905, Chukovsky was simultaneously published in the “Odessa News” and the St. Petersburg weekly “Theatrical Russia”. Publications in both editions were revealed: in the capital’s journal they are twice as large as those in Odessa, they include texts signed with pseudonyms and not considered in Chukovsky’s bibliography. Most of the work is related to the profile of the magazine: these are reviews and notes on theatrical topics. The smaller one is a literary-critical articles, three of them Chukovsky published with changes in parallel in St. Petersburg and Odessa. Special attention is paid to these materials, which makes it possible to reveal Chukovsky’s authorial intentions, determined by his notions about the provincial and metropolitan readership. The article analyzes the mechanism of the work of a young author on a radical revision of articles about M. Gorky, L. Andreev and Evg. Solovyov, which appeared in a provincial newspaper and a Moscow magazine at almost the same time. An optional but important aspect of the study is the question of the degree of success in representing of these Chukovsky’s articles in the latest collected works in 15 volumes.

Separation Due to Harm Between Spouses in Afghan Law: A Juristic Analytical Study

The article includes the issue of separation due to harm between spouses in Afghan law. It aims to illustrate the harms that cause separation between spouses. There are many types of modern harms that we hear and see in the courts of Badakhshan, a province of Afghanistan which are reasons of the separation between spouses, and they have a significant impact on the marital relationship. Therefore, it is important to investigate what is the position of Islamic jurisprudence and Afghan law regarding this issue, and what judicial procedures should be followed when the dispute occurs between the spouses? The study relies on the inductive approach, by tracking and extrapolating the juristic sources and the opinions of jurists, in addition to the Afghan law; and the analytical approach, by interpreting legal information related to harms, clarifying the civil law, and explaining the Islamic rulings related to the subject. The study reaches to several results, the most important of them are the Afghan law neither specified a clear definition for the concept of harm and its conditions, nor explained its guiding principles, rather it left those aspects to the court’s discretion and judgment of the cases of harms and harmful deeds. Likewise, some people see defects as one of the causes of separation (due to harm(, and others think that one of the reasons of separation is (husband’s) absence and non-payment of living expenses (of his wife). Therefore, the researchers propose the revision of the legal articles, especially the articles related to separation due to harm.

Towards a Transdisciplinary Theoretical Framework of Citizen Science: Results from a Meta-Review Analysis

This work intends to lay the foundations for a theoretical framework of citizen science combining social and organizational implications with the support of information technologies. The proposed theoretical framework moves towards a shared and common research process between experts and citizens to deal with environmental and social challenges. The role and capacity of online communities is explored and their engagement capacity by means of web-based digital platforms supporting crowdsourcing activities. In this contribution, authors highlight the most common practices, methods and issues of citizen science approaches adopted from multidisciplinary application fields to obtain insights for designing a new participative approach for organizational studies. To reach this goal, authors illustrate the results of a systematic meta-review analysis, consisting of an accurate selection and revision of journal review articles in order to highlight concepts, methods, research design approaches and tools adopted in citizen science approaches.

Énfasis en la formación de habilidades blandas en mejora de los aprendizajes

El escenario actual presenta vertiginosos cambios, que desde luego invita a no perder de vista a la escuela y particularmente a la institución mater como la universidad, con el fin de observar en principio, si éstas conjuntamente están formando o no las habilidades y competencias para desempeñarse en una sociedad tan desemejante como la nuestra. En este mismo escenario, existe una ardua tarea de investigadores y publicaciones que inciden y le ponen énfasis al desarrollo de habilidades blandas. Frente a ello, el objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es evaluar la calidad teórica y metodológica de las publicaciones a través del estudio selectivo y crítico de lo que los autores argumentan sobre formación de habilidades blandas, llamadas también habilidades socioemocionales, en mejora de los aprendizajes, a partir del análisis de las fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias como artículos, informes, programas y libros. Metodológicamente por su naturaleza es una investigación de revisión descriptiva correlacional y se centra particularmente, en la revisión de artículos científicos originales, tesis e informes, recurriendo al método deductivo e inductivo, empleando el análisis y meta-análisis. La revisión se realizó considerando el criterio de selección, el criterio de inclusión y exclusión, el criterio temporal y el de búsqueda de información objetiva en revistas indexadas. Finalmente, se concluye que las diversas publicaciones sobre habilidades blandas, desde el nivel cualitativo, cuantitativo y mixto presentan un profundo análisis de las variables de estudio tanto en teoría como en la metodología, evidenciándose el uso de técnicas e instrumentos en cada una de las investigaciones y cuyos resultados determinan que el desarrollo de habilidades blandas contribuye de modo significativo en el aprendizaje.

NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Report 14 - Revision of Articles 73, 81, 82 and Table 2 of the North American Stratigraphic Code to Formalize Subseries and Subepochs

At the 75th Annual Meeting of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 22 October, 2020, in connection with GSA 2020 Connects Online, the Commission voted unanimously to accept the revision of Articles 73, 81 and 82 of the North American Stratigraphic Code (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 2005 with subsequent updates), and concomitant changes to Table 2; specific revisions of the Code are indicated in red color. These replace all older versions of the specified Articles. An application for this revision (Aubry et al. 2019) was published in Stratigraphy more than one year prior to the meeting; thus, the vote on this application for revision follows Article 21 of the Code.

Implementation of Criminal Sanctions by Public Prosecutor against Narcotics Abuse

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the implementation, barriers and policies to overcome obstacles in the application of criminal sanctions by public prosecutors in prosecuting class I narcotics abusers at the Semarang City District Attorney. The method used in this research is juridical empirical, which is descriptive-analytical. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data, which were obtained from interviews and literature studies, then analyzed qualitatively. The conclusions in this study are: (1) the application of criminal sanctions by the public prosecutor refers to the BAP and evidence provided by the police, which is based on the activities of the suspect when the police are arrested; (2) obstacles in the implementation of the application of criminal sanctions by the public prosecutor, including obstacles in terms of legal substance, legal structure and legal culture: (3) so that policies are needed to overcome these obstacles to achieve justice, including revision of articles in the Law. Narcotics Law, holding knowledge sharing, holding outreach, and coordinating with related agencies.

Principales rankings académicos internacionales: el caso de Chile

Resumen Los rankings académicos (RACs), a pesar de recibir muchos cuestionamientos, se vienen destacando como un instrumento de evaluación externa de apoyo para la toma de decisiones de las universidades y de diferentes grupos de interés. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar y mapear – en términos de metodologías adoptadas, formas de selección de universidades y fuentes de información – los RACs chilenos, en una óptica comparativa con los más destacados rankings internacionales. Se realiza una investigación exploratoria, analítico-descriptiva y comparativa. Para ello, se utilizan fuentes secundarias, por medio de revisión de bases de datos, páginas web y artículos científicos (investigación bibliográfica y documental), clasificándose los RACs estudiados a partir de las especificidades de los datos por ellos utilizados. Se puede concluir que las principales diferencias existentes entre los rankings internacionales y los chilenos no pasan tanto por los criterios a evaluar, sino por la especificidad de los pesos dados a los indicadores adoptados. Cada ranking presenta un concepto propio de calidad, no existiendo un consenso entre ellos.

DAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS DA DEMONIZAÇÃO DA PLURALIDADE NAS ESCOLAS À LUZ DO ESTATUTO DA DIVERSIDADE SEXUAL E DE GÊNERO

É notório o crescimento, no cenário social brasileiro, do ataque à educação sexual e de gênero nas escolas. Os combatentes da denominada “Ideologia de Gênero” sustentam que o ensino voltado para a aceitação e para a discussão da pluralidade é um erro, que confunde e prejudica o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Tal pauta, de natureza conservadora e discriminatória, e utilizada como força de manobra política, deflagra princípios norteadores do Estado Democrático de Direito e da Constituição Federal de 1988. Assim, esse trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as consequências da demonização dos estudos acerca de pluralidade à luz dos parâmetros educacionais estabelecidos pelo Estatuto da Diversidade Sexual e de Gênero, Projeto de Lei nº 134/2018. Para tanto, utiliza-se o método teórico, fundamentado em pesquisa quantitativa e em revisão bibliográfica de obras, artigos científicos, legislação, jurisprudência e doutrina aplicáveis à temática e pertinentes à propositura de soluções à problemática.

Role of red cell distribution width in prognosis of patients of all age groups with sepsis- A narrative review

Introduction: Sepsis is life threatening emergency situation that is frequently encountered in every emergency department. Knowing the prognosis of such patient is crucial which is difficult in the busy emergency rooms. There are lots of prognostic tools in practice and red cell distribution width is newer tool that is under test to predict prognosis of patients with sepsis. In recent day different scientific papers are published over red cell distribution width (RDW) in association with sepsis. This article tried to review such articles and give the holistic view of RDW in association with sepsis.
 Method: Articles were searched in Pubmed, Google scholar, The Cochrane Library, Scopus and Hinari. 26 articles were found and thorough revision of articles was done.
 Result: Most of the articles point towards overwhelming efficacy of RDW in sepsis across all age group. It can also be used in septic patients with anemia and who received blood transfusions recently. Only few papers are published involving pediatric population and patients with anemia and recent blood transfusion history.
 Conclusion: RDW is efficacious tool than currently practiced tools to predict prognosis of patient with sepsis across all ages. There are only few studies in pediatric population and patients with anemia and history of recent blood transfusion, so caution is advised while applying RDW among pediatric population and in patients with anemia and recent blood transfusion.

Revision of Smart Street Lighting LED

Introduction: This Literature Review article is the result of a research on the current situation of smart public lighting systems with light-emitting diode (LED) technology in cities around the world.
 Problem: How convenient is it to use smart public lighting system with LED luminaires?
 Objective: To review the context of smart public lighting with LED technology.
 Methodology: Within this project, a lit review was conducted with more than 50 academic articles found in different databases such as: IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect etc. The selection criteria of the information followed the revision of articles from 2006 to 2018, and also, took into account their installation and performance in different cities and places of the world. Furthermore, articles on polluting and inefficient technologies were excluded.
 Conclusion: Considering the current context in which LED smart public lighting is, it is more likely to be implemented in the future.
 Results: Smart LED street lighting systems are more efficient in energy use, leads to savings in costs in medium terms, and finally, present a lower environmental impact compared to conventional lighting systems.
 Limitations: The review focuses on energy efficiency and economic aspects, not on social aspects.
 Originality: Smart LED public lighting systems have been researched within the economic and energy efficiency context.

IMPORTANCIA DE LA VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA EN EL CONTROL DE LAS INFECCIONES ASOCIADAS A LA ATENCIÓN EN SALUD

Antecedentes: Las infecciones asociadas a la Atención en salud (IAAS) son un flagelo que azota a las instituciones prestadoras de servicio de salud a escala Mundial, se considera uno de los mayores problemas para la seguridad del paciente, afectando directamente la calidad en la prestación de servicios. Objetivo: Profundizar en los principales aspectos epidemiológicos de la IAAS, los factores de riesgo relacionados, el impacto que tiene este problema a nivel mundial y local y la importancia de un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica hospitalaria como una de las medidas para su prevención y control. Metodología: El presente documento es el resultado de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos consultados en bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Proquest, Ovid, Google Académico, de los últimos 10 años, publicados en español y en inglés. Para la selección de la bibliografía se consideró el siguiente grupo de palabras claves: infección Asociada a la atención de la salud; infección intrahospitalaria; control de infecciones, vigilancia epidemiológica, sistema nacional de vigilancia hospitalaria. Conclusión: Con la revisión actual se evidenció que la prevalencia de IAAS se mantiene a través de los años, e incluso ha aumentado en instituciones de nivel intermedio de atención en salud, resaltando la importancia de incrementar las unidades notificadoras de IAAS y resistencia bacteriana, así como la creación de programas de vigilancia epidemiológica o Sistema Nacional de información de estos eventos de manera más eficiente, considerándose un componente clave de cualquier sistema de salud para mejorar los indicadores de la calidad en los servicios prestados en beneficio del paciente. La Vigilancia Epidemiológica es importante no solo por contribuir de manera significativa en el control y prevención de las IAAS sino para determinar los pasos a seguir en el momento de registrar y difundir debidamente, a las autoridades encargadas del análisis de dicha problemática en sus diferentes esferas de acción, apoyando de esta manera la toma de decisiones, la ejecución y evaluación de dichas enfermedades.

Accomplishing authentic writing tasks: Ventures into academic publication by Ecuadorian EFL teachers

Academic writing and subsequent publishing have become an important part of the career advancement and professional development of those engaged in English language teaching worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore a solution to the gap in the academic writing skills of Ecuadorian English teachers in tertiary education. Our survey of 65 Ecuadorian English teachers showed that 92% of teachers had never published. Their reasons for not having done so included lack of self-confidence that they could produce publishable material, lack of English proficiency, lack of academic writing skills and lack of time. The intervention described in the research study involved engaging nine English teachers of an academic writing training course in authentic tasks that required writing academically for five carefully chosen ELT publications. An attainable goal was set: the participants of the training course held in November-December 2016 were invited to write book reviews and short articles on the intervention itself. Till the end of April 2018, altogether seven academic-level texts (four book reviews, one webinar review, one short article, and a concise book) were published. Two of the course participants decided early on that they did not want to participate in the optional academic writing and publishing activity, and a further four did not follow up on their initial steps; nonetheless, as a result of the intervention and its follow-up phase, five of the nine participants (including two that initially abstained) eventually published academic-level texts in recognized ELT publications. The results of the study suggest that tertiary level (non-native) English teachers can start writing academically and achieve success in the competitive world of publishing if realistic tasks are set, the trainees are mentored systematically, and the time frame (18 months) allows the submission, revision, and editing of academic articles to develop organically, leading to polished products.

Manifestações Orais da Leucemia no Momento do Diagnóstico

Introdução: A leucemia é uma patologia com modificações malignas nas células-tronco hematopoiéticas, podendo gerar sinais e sintomas no organismo do paciente. Objetivo: Verificar as manifestações orais de leucemia no momento do diagnóstico. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa em maio e junho de 2018, a partir das bases de dados PubMed e BIREME, por meio das palavras cadastradas no MESH e no DeCS (Descritores em Saúde), respectivamente, em inglês leukemia AND diagnosis AND oral manifestations. Foram incluídos estudos avaliando as alterações bucais em pacientes leucêmicos no momento do diagnóstico, publicados nas bases citadas, nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, com qualquer desenho de estudo, exceto revisão de literatura narrativa e artigos publicados entre 1950 a 2018. Foram excluídos os artigos que não abordam o tema do estudo, que incluíram outros indivíduos, além de pacientes leucêmicos, com ausência de manifestações orais em pacientes leucêmicos, e artigos não encontrados em sua versão completa. Resultados: Foram encontrados 353 artigos; destes, 318 foram excluídos. Assim, restaram 35 artigos. Conclusão: Conforme descrito nos artigos encontrados, o cirurgião-dentista tem grande importância no momento do diagnóstico da leucemia, já que as primeiras manifestações dessa doença ocorrem na cavidade oral, tais como sangramento gengival, hiperplasia, inchaço gengival, ulceração oral e petéquias.

Turismo rural y desarrollo local en América Latina: los casos de Perú y Argentina

Rural tourism as well as rural spaces have increased their importance. They can have an effect as factor of local and regional development, especially considering some of the issues in local development such as political, social, economic and ecological aspects. The article analyses the relationship between rural tourism and the process of local development in Perú and Argentina. Both countries offered rural tourism despite the fact that they are very different territories in concern to the landscapes, history and resources. This work aims to describe the role that tourism and especially rural tourism plays, and its relationship with local development. The objectives, strategies and characteristics of rural tourism within the National Strategy Plans will be analyzed. The methodology is explorative and descriptive. It is based on the comparative technique of documented cases. The qualitative investigation will be performed with the research, selection and revision of academic and documental articles, such as the National Strategy Plans of both countries. Rural tourism promotes local development actions in both territories, despite the differences and coincidences in these countries.

FATORES DESENCADEANTES DE CRANIOSSINOSTOSE: UM ESTUDO DA ARTE SOBRE O CONHECIDO E O NOVO PRESENTE NA LITERATURA

Craniosynostosis(CS) is a disease in which one or more of the skull sutures to close early, which limits the growth of the bone site, resulting in anomalous skulls. This study aims to expose the population, through citations and discussions, the causal factors of CS, promoting an autonomy of the individuals, through greater knowledge of the subject, intending, thereby, open paths for the development of actions that aim decrease the incidence this comorbity. Was conducted a revision of articles published only in English and were found related with CS genetic factors, teratogen, smoking during pregnancy, advanced parental age, educational levels of parents, use of antidepressants in pregnancy, stimulation by thyroid hormones, with methotrexate therapy, metabolic conditions and intake of certain nutrients, showing the mechanisms for the formation this disease. The knowledge about the causal factorsbecome important for the define of strategies that aim decrease the incidence of CS.

Reflexiones en torno a la Economía Solidaria: una revisión de la literatura

This document is part of a compilation on the different concepts, definitions and theoretical frameworks that addresses solidarity economy. Within the concepts found we can observe that among the same authors there are different perspectives due to the cultural, historical, linguistic diversity and the own evolution of the actors and movements that form the solidarity economy. For that contrast, it was considered the revision of articles that describe or delimit what is the solidarity economy, substantive and plural economy, and what are their methods. Among the points to emphasize is that solidarity economy is not a new phenomenon, however, the proposals of the authors reviewed in this work around its meaning and its practice show that some convergences subsist. However, the solidarity economy will not be possible without people participating in deeply democratic ways and acting among them to create the world in which they want to live.