Results Of Sociological Survey Research Articles

Communication aspects of the development management in digital healthcare

The development of digital technologies in the Russian healthcare system implies communication processes, e.g. interaction of management structures and performers, doctor-patient communications, standards of medical care, and many others. This requires solving a number of managerial, organizational, and ethical problems. The Russian government has defined the main goals of healthcare digitalization: providing the population with medical services at a qualitatively different modern level, satisfying the modern demands of society, allowing the use of modern achievements of world and domestic medicine in the widest possible range. The authors consider the problems of digitalization of medicine, the solution of which is proposed through the optimization of communications of the professional community. The proposals have been developed based on the generalization of the results of sociological surveys of patients of Moscow dental clinics “Use of electronic medical records” (March 2022) conducted by the authors, a survey of residents of Tomsk (N = 107) and Moscow (N = 157) waiting for an appointment at city clinics (March 2022), as well as a substantive analysis of the websites of professional online communities “Analysis of the content of discussions in online communities of medical workers” (August 2018 – February 2019). A secondary analysis of data is based on the sociological studies by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). Based on the results of the study, it was established that a number of problems are associated with the legal uncertainty of procedures and methods for applying digital technologies, the issue of developing communicative competencies in the professional environment remains relevant, the need for an exchange of experience in the implementation of digital technologies in the practice of doctors and administrators, professional development of personnel, and the involvement of the most active employees in the processes of designing and implementing digital technologies.

Інституційний простір сфери оплати праці.

The problem of adequate performance of economic and social functions of labor remuneration and its compliance with the criteria of decent work is extremely relevant for Ukraine. The problem cannot be solved only by adjusting the existing and adopting new normative legal acts of labor law, since the corresponding legislative amendments must be accepted by the key parties to social and labor relations. The purpose of the article is to investigate the institutional environment in the field of labor remuneration in Ukraine in its various manifestations, to identify the most common institutional constructions, structures and practices that need correction and should become a priority object of state policy. The research was conducted using the methods of desk study. In the absence of official statistical data on the labor market and wages, indirect assessment methods were used based on available administrative data, materials of international organizations, results of sociological surveys, etc. The authors abandoned the traditional identification of institutions exclusively with formal organizations, which are mainly created by the government. The novelty is provided by the study of widespread informal institutional structures and practices, their main manifestations and socio-economic consequences. he study revealed that due to the low efficiency of controlling and punitive instruments of state regulation, several informal and implicit institutional structures have taken root in the institutional environment of the sphere of labor remuneration in addition to or instead of formal norms and rules, in particular, the shadowing of labor remuneration, labor remuneration based on individual agreements, unpaid overtime work, fictitious individual entrepreneurs, etc. Manifestations, main causes and consequences of the spread of informal practices are analysed. The impact of the full-scale military aggression against Ukraine on the labor market and labor force patterns in terms of working conditions and wages is assessed, and the risk of deepening shortage of workers for the needs of the post-war reconstruction is emphasized. The role of the government as the largest employer and the main transformations of the wage institution in the public sector are revealed. Conclusions have been made regarding the priority functions of the state in the sphere of wages, based on the need to ensure the resilience of the national economy.

Priority directions in the design of a youth culture and leisure center in Khuzhir settlement

We consider the relevance and importance of creating a youth culture and leisure center in the rural locality of Khuzhir. To this end, the results of sociological surveys among the population of the Olkhonsky District and young people of the Russian Federation, who form the main target audience of the youth center, were used. The research also involved a review of electronic sources and publications on the design of culture and leisure centers in the settlements of the Baikal coastal area, statistical data on tourism activities in the area of Olkhon Island and additional education initiatives in Russia, sociological surveys among Olkhon population and residents of the Russian Federation and CIS countries. A review of project proposals for the organization of leisure, culture, and education institutions in rural areas of Pribaikalye was carried out. All these findings were used to identify the main requirements to a youth center in Khuzhir. The analysis of priority areas in the field of additional education specified at the end of 2022 in Russia and the Siberian Federal District was used to determine a set of functions to be performed by the center. The results also formed the basis for the selection of similar objects of domestic and foreign experience for analysis and determination of the most optimal architectural and planning solutions of the designed center. The key stages in the organization of a youth culture and leisure center in Khuzhir were determined taking the needs of the target audience into account.

The readiness of Kazakhstan to implementation of medicinal insurance: the sociological substantiation and education activities of public organizations

Until recently, in Kazakhstan, both health care services and medication support of population were financed from National budget and compulsory social health insurance foundation. But actual system meet needs of Kazakhstanis in medications not in full measure. The purpose of the study is to identify readiness of citizens to implementation of new medicinal insurance program with state co-financing. The study was carried out in 2022 in 17 regions of Kazakhstan. The readiness of Kazakhstanis to participate in medicinal insurance program with state co-financing was studied through sociological survey of 5 819 Kazakhstanis. The sociological survey revealed that respondents express average degree of readiness to implementation of new medicinal insurance program with state co-financing and to purchasing of insurance policy. The correlation between social demographic characteristics (objective indicators) and readiness indicator (subjective indicator) was revealed. The younger males with higher education, residing in urban areas, with average and high income and officially married are more inclined to purchase insurance policy. At that, according to results of sociological survey, one third of respondents have no relevant information about health insurance in general and medicinal insurance in particular. They found it difficult to express their personal position about this issues. It is supposed that Kazakhstanis in the result of educational measures will take part in medicinal insurance program with state co-financing. The education projects can be implemented through public organizations operating locally and communicating with population at the micro level. It is determined that it is especially important to apply educational measures to rural residents, middle-aged and elderly people, females and persons with low average income per family member.

The attitude of foreign students to healthy life-style and confidence to modern medicine as exemplified by students of Kursk

The article investigates attitude of foreign students to health and a healthy lifestyle. The main practices of maintenance of health and healthy lifestyle are analyzed. The opinions of foreign students related to their health and their modes of dealing with stress in new social cultural conditions are considered. The results of sociological survey carried out in January 2024 covering students of the Kursk State Medical University - foreign students who arrived to receive higher education were chosen as the analysis base. The study established that foreign students more often associate healthy lifestyle with maintenance of mental health, healthy diet and domestic hygiene. At that, considering medicine and physician visits, percentage of respondents attributing these aspects to healthy lifestyle and themselves applying to medical workers is far lower than those giving up bad habits and maintain hygiene. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to increase awareness of foreign students about their rights to receive qualified medical care that will serve as factor increasing confidence in medical institutions and physicians.

Single-industry cities: social aspects of urban planning policy (as exemplified by the gold-mining city Bodaibo, Irkutsk region)

The article raises the issue of Russian single-industry cities, the social situation and social policy in the city as part of urban planning policy. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the situation at the single-industry cities: social aspects of urban planning policy (as illustrated by the gold-mining city of Bodaibo, Irkutsk region). More than 60 % of the city population is directly or indirectly connected with the gold mining industry. Consequently, Bodaibo can be considered as a single-industry gold-mining city that requires attention from the authorities and a special approach to the urban policy development. The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that there are no systematic comprehensive (including sociological) studies on gold mining cities and settlements in Russia. Purpose of the study: studying the needs of residents of the city of Bodaibo to improve the quality of life in terms of solving social problems and developing proposals to determine the directions of urban planning policy. Research results: in October 2022, the authors of the article conducted a sociological survey of the city Bodaibo residents to identify the satisfaction of citizens with living and working conditions, and to assess the comfort of the environment. It was found that the social conditions in the city are deteriorating: 30 % of citizens noted the quality of life as the worst, more than 60 % of respondents rated the state of social infrastructure as unsatisfactory. Conclusions: weaknesses in the city urban planning policy - lack of comfortable housing, high prices for rental housing for newcomers, poor condition of transport infrastructure, low quality of medical and cultural services. Due to the unresolved social problems, part of the population is leaving the city, the demographic situation is deteriorating. The authors analyzed studies on single-industry towns in other regions of the Russian Federation, got acquainted with the proposed models for solving urgent problems, also relying upon foreign experience. Based on the sociological survey results and acquaintance with the developed concepts for the reorganization of single-industry towns, the authors proposed some steps to improve the urban planning policy in the city of Bodaibo

КЫРГЫЗСТАНДЫН САЯСИЙ СИСТЕМАСЫНДАГЫ ГЕНДЕРДИК БАЛАНСКА ЖЕТҮҮ ЖОЛДОРУ

Achieving gender equality is one of the priorities of sustainable development in the millennium. The Action Plan of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic for the implementation of the National Development Program of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026 identifies priority areas, tasks, and policy measures to achieve gender equality, especially in the political and social life of the country. The aim of this article is to analyze some ways of achieving gender equality in the political system of Kyrgyzstan, with the main areas of activity for changing the existing situation recognized as education, media, and civil society activity. The analysis is based on a gender approach, according to which a strategy of ensuring gender equality at all stages of the decision-making process is beneficial in politics. The article presents the results of sociological surveys demonstrating a wide range of public opinion, from the rejection of the idea of gender equality in politics to full support for women leaders, emphasizing the role and importance of the internet and social networks in changing the role of women in politics. Positive discrimination measures are also noted, which have led to an increase in the number of female deputies in the local councils of the Kyrgyz Republic, as an achievement of the women's movement.

The interdisciplinary approach as tool of pharmaceutical education of children: from theory to practice

The pharmaceutical literacy is a necessary element of ensuring quality of human life that is to be formed at early age. The article demonstrates that key direction of development of health literacy is pharmaceutical education involving pharmaceutical workers. The necessity of development of pharmaceutical literacy in children through involvement into process of pharmaceutical education pedagogues and parents/legal representatives of child. The article presents analysis of normative legal documents regulating strategic directions of state and international policy in the field of protection of health and rights of minor citizen/children that regulate organization of pharmaceutical and educational activities and requirements to pharmaceutical and pedagogical workers within the framework of their professional role. The problematic zones in organization of pharmaceutical counseling of minors citizen were discovered. The necessity to improve professional competence of pharmaceutical and pedagogical workers in organization of pharmaceutical education of children of preschool and school age is established. The results of sociological survey of minor citizen and their parents demonstrated inadequate level of pharmaceutical literacy of respondents. On the basis of research results structural model of interaction of participants of pharmaceutical education of children (pharmaceutical workers - parents - pedagogues). The communication relations at the stage of transferring pharmaceutical knowledge to minor personality were revealed. The main result of the study is original structural functional model of organization of pharmaceutical education of children implementing interdisciplinary approach in forming pharmaceutical knowledge in children of preschool and school age. The stages of interaction of participants and professional tasks of pharmaceutical and pedagogical specialists in process of teaching children skills of pharmaceutical safety are determined.

The development of the international nuclear power plant construction market in the context of nuclear power social acceptability research

Aim. To determine the vector of influence of public opinion on the prospects of development of the international market of nuclear power plant (NPP) construction in the conditions of global energy transition and to formulate the most priority directions of communication work in order to increase the Russian export of nuclear power technologies in the markets of developing countries.Objectives. To identify the current trends of social acceptability of nuclear power in the world; to consider a number of tools used to work with public opinion in the field of improving the reputation of nuclear power in countries-importers of nuclear power technologies; to substantiate the importance of communication work in order to increase Russian exports of nuclear power technologies in the markets of developing countries.Methods. Data from various sociological surveys were used to analyze the current state of social acceptability of nuclear power plants. The key methods of this study are comparative method and case study method.Results. The analysis of the international experience of society’s influence on energy policy has shown that it is impossible to implement international projects in the field of NPP construction without public support for the initiative on nuclear power development. The analysis revealed that one of the competitive advantages of ROSATOM in the international NPP construction market is the inclusion of public communication work in the export offer. Based on the analysis of the results of sociological surveys, it was found out that within the framework of communication work with the public in the importer country it is reasonable to emphasize the economic benefits of NPP operation and continuity of its functioning.Conclusions. The article shows the possibilities of increasing the Russian export of nuclear power technologies in the markets of developing countries, due to the global trend to increase the social acceptability of nuclear power and the presence of relevant competitive advantages, including within the framework of the implementation of communication strategy.

Approaches to assessing and increasing housing affordability in Russia

Improving the quality of life is one of the priority tasks of Russia’s social-economic development, which requires solving the housing problem, since housing is one of the basic human needs. Based on the generalization of various approaches to ensuring housing affordability, the article shows that, in addition to the study of social-political and economic aspects, a kind of sociology of housing develops. Based on the results of sociological surveys, the authors identify the preferences of different groups (parents with children and youth) in housing. Thus, 70 % of Russians are ready to use mortgage lending to solve the housing problem. There is a paradox: on the one hand, 66 % of multi-apartment houses cannot be sold; on the other hand, there is a low level of housing supply (lower than in Eastern Europe and some CIS countries) and a high level of dilapidated housing stock and communal infrastructure. Previously, housing conditions were improved mainly at the expense of the state, now the purchase or construction of housing is ensured mainly by the population’s savings and borrowed funds, primarily mortgage lending. However, despite the growth in the volume of mortgages and their improved conditions, the housing affordability coefficient for 2000-2022 indicates a deterioration in housing possibilities. This is explained, first, by the low level of incomes and their significant differentiation - only a small share of Russians can take advantage of mortgage lending; second, housing prices grow much faster than incomes and wages. In addition, the low quality of new housing and social infrastructure, a high share of dilapidated housing and of families in need of relocation, and a number of other factors must be taken into account when implementing housing policy and solving the housing problem. The empirical basis of the article is the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, Bank of Russia, National Bureau of Credit Histories and Accounts Chamber.

EVALUATION OF REMOTE WORK IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN

Scientific interest in the research topic is due to the fact that in the modern world, the efficiency of civil servants is largely determined by the optimization and automation of business processes in the public administration system, through the introduction of digital solutions. The study of remote forms of work using information and communication technology is a current hot topic in the public administration system in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the accelerated growth of digitalization. In turn, this article assesses the efficiency of information and communication technology in remote work, using the example of certain state tasks and services in Central state and Local executive bodies, in the civil service of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This study focused on the results of sociological surveys conducted by the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Civil Service Affairs jointly with the World Bank and the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. As a result, a number of recommendations have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of the remote work in the public sector.

Ideal image of the head of the educational complex: Research methodology and results

The requirements for the professional and personal qualities of teachers are presented in the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”. However, the article focuses on the “ideal portrait of the head of the educational complex” as both a leader and a teacher. The analysis of the results of studies conducted in recent years has revealed a number of requirements for the personal and business qualities of leaders-teacher, and two problems. First, many authors consider ideal portraits, on which the research is theoretically based, to be “ideal types” (according to M. Weber), i.e. “utopian by nature”, “models that cannot be verified” [1], since they “cannot be found in everyday life” [2. P. 207]. Second, the pressing methodological issue of ways to identify and measure ideal qualities of real workers remains unresolved. The article aims at identifying the professionally important personal qualities of leaders-teachers, at developing an ideal portrait of the head of the educational complex, and at proposing a mathematical model for assessing the strength of personal qualities. Therefore, the following tasks were set: to identify the degree of compliance of the leaders-teachers’ personal qualities with the author’s “ideal model”; to form an empirical database for the subsequent development of a model of the effective leader-teacher of the educational complex, and to successfully solve functional problems of educational organizations. The author presents a method for identifying personal qualities of the leader-teacher, which correspond to the results of sociological surveys of employees of state educational complexes and parents; ways and methods to verify the selected requirements; and an applied empirical model of the “ideal portrait of the head of the educational complex”. This ideal portrait has some unique features: out of 16 possible personal qualities, 11 became distinctive and dominant, which is significantly more than that of the “average person”, including representatives of other professional groups.

Особенности трудового поведения современной российской молодежи

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the of modern Russian youth labor behavior specifics, namely: focus on the meaning and content of professional activity; desire for self-realization; the growing demand for social guarantees of labor provided by law; the importance of the financial component; the importance of fair job evaluation; special requirements for the team, which should be based on a partnership type of relationship and be a set of friendly relations. Particular attention is paid to the difference between young people and the previous generation in the field of attitudes towards money. Young people tend to quickly spend what they earn on pleasure in its various manifestations, which is largely dictated by the trends of the consumer society, where public opinion has undergone a transformation, within which it has ceased to be condemned to want to be saturated with all possible goods, services and travel. A generalized description of such a phenomenon as instant culture, erasing and forming the traditional hierarchical boundaries of a professional career and forms the attitude “here and now, everything at once” is given. In this regard, young people are extremely unhappy when they do not see the quick results of their work. The essence and the reasons for the career trend “quiet quitting” when an employee is limited to performing only his direct duties stipulated by the employment contract, are revealed. The main content of the article presents the expertise affecting the relevant subject area, and the results of sociological surveys of the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, as well as data from other studies. The article may be useful for employers, human resource managers, specialists in the research field on the attitude of modern youth to professional activities.

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE: MAIN POINTS OF BIFURCATION

The paper aims to consider the consequences of civil protests in the context of the transformation of the democratic political system of Ukraine. Taking Ukraine as an example, the development of the path dependence concept in post-Soviet countries has been suggested in order to overcome negative institutional isomorphism and avoid the hybridity state in the political system. A periodization of institutional dynamics in Ukraine has been proposed, where the large-scale actions of civil disobedience became the bifurcation point. A comparative analysis of recurring protests of different years made it possible to outline the main features of the turning points of institutional development and in this context to consider current political events. Specific featuresof institutional development include the "from below" initiative, uncontrollability by the political elites, spontaneity. We will also note the increased drama of the unfolding of events, in particular. The use of force by the participants of the mass events and the authorities was also unprecedented. These features have led to both positive changes and negative consequences, which are still evident. A scientific analysis of changes in the main political institutions has been carried out on the basis of statistical data and the results of sociological surveys. Its results testify to profound shifts in the structure of the party-political spectrum, the nature of public activity, political participation, worldview orientations of Ukrainians, and only superficial changes in state bodies. This trend continues under martial law, which provides grounds for predicting the vectors and trajectory of institutional changes in the current period. The author’s conclusions about the role of the Revolution of Dignity in the formation and development of democratic political institutions have been made, and further trends in the development of political institutions have been predicted.

UKRAINIAN MIGRATION TO EUROPE AT THE PERIOD OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: POLITICS OF REGULATION

Russia’s full-scaled invasion to Ukraine on the 24th of February 2022, which is still on, has become a new challenge for a modern world and has caused more problems to regional and global development as well as provoked colossal forced migration flows of Ukrainian citizens. The migration that according to researchers has no analogues and significantly surpasses all the previous ones. A massive influx of refugees from Ukraine added significant problems to migrant’s crisis of Europe, that was which was caused by the previous colossal influx of migrants from the Middle East and Africa, complicating its humanitarian component. The relevance of the study of these processes is constantly growing and proves that migration is not only a social, political, but also a scientific problem, which requires a significant consolidation of the forces of the scientific community in order to solve the problems caused by these processes. The subject of analysis of this work is the forced migration of Ukrainian citizens and its consequences, provoked precisely by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article analyzes the theoretical surveys of Ukrainian researchers in the study of Ukrainian emigration to Europe. Its features are determined in comparison with other types of migration. The problems of linguistic, value-cultural, psychological and social adaptation are outlined on the basis of the analysis of the results of sociological surveys and numerous examples of the return of migrants to Ukraine. An analysis of multilateral humanitarian assistance to refugees and the main directions of the EU policy regarding the regulation of migration flows from February 2022 to the summer of 2023 was carried out. A large number of documents that formed the normative and legal basis of the EU migration policy in relation to Ukrainian refugees, as well as cooperation with various institutions of Ukraine, were developed. Different aspects of the consequences of forced migration for Ukraine are defined.

Scientific Laboratory “Moscow Polyclinic”: Experience of Project Implementation

Background. In 2021, a new educational project “Scientific Laboratory ‘Moscow Polyclinic’” was launched. Its aim is to develop research competencies among primary health care workers and to boost activities such as journal publication and the organization of specialized scientific and practical conferences. The article briefly describes several characteristics and features of this project for two seasons (2021–2022).
 Materials and methods. The author collected, aggregated, statistically processed, and analyzed the comparative data for two project seasons.
 Results and discussion. The analysis included information on the project design (topic-based tracks, blocks “Transformation” and “Accelerator of Ideas”, sections “Science” and “Service Design”, Scientific Club), the results of sociological surveys and their interpretation, and the brief scientometric characteristics of participants’ publications. Between 2021 and 2022, 9818 specialists took part in the Scientific Laboratory; they were outpatient polyclinic care providers in the Moscow healthcare system. In addition, the number of speakers nearly doubled, and a community of mentors was formed from the active researchers in Moscow healthcare.
 Conclusions. The project speakers included leading foreign and Russian scientists, representatives of scientific journals and peer-reviewed research databases, and Moscow healthcare specialists. They shared with the participants their experience of planning, their methodology for conducting a study; algorithms for selecting a study topic, and the features of research data publication, including possible sources. The project mentors were the chief specialists of the Moscow Healthcare Department, and the heads of medical organizations experienced in carrying out the studies. As a result, the participants successfully published their articles in the peer-reviewed journals from the list of the Higher Attestation Commission (VAK). The project demonstrates that the employees of Moscow polyclinics are not only active professional physicians but also researchers with critical thinking and deep knowledge in clinical medicine.

MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC: TRENDS, PROBLEMS

Migration processes in Russia and its regions at the present stage are an urgent object of study by specialists in the humanities due to their scale and consequences associated with the demographic development of the country. Regional historiography also focused on the aspects of migration situation related to population decline. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive historical analysis of the migration situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2001–2020, which makes it possible to identify the features and conditional periods of migration in the region.
 
 The purpose of the research is to study the processes, scales and models of migration behavior of Chuvashia’s population, taking into account socio–demographic parameters, to identify trends and problems. Migration of the population is considered in connection with the processes of ethno-cultural development and the state of interethnic relations. Attention is paid to the study of the population’s attitude to migration and migrants.
 
 Materials and methods. The main sources of the study were statistical and archival data, official documents, the results of sociological surveys, media materials. The dynamics of the population’s attitude to migration processes is based on the results of sociological surveys of the Republic’s population, which have a monitoring nature. Migration of the population was assessed using statistical data analysis, the method of mass questioning was used in sociological surveys. Migration processes are characterized taking into account historical-comparative and problem methods.
 
 Study results. A number of factors affecting migration processes and changing migration behavior of the population have been identified in the region. The main ones remain socio-economic factors, changes in the ethno-cultural image of society. Social aspects are relevant and come to the forefront in the issues of integration of migrants and their interaction in the host community. The migration situation in the republic is quite complicated: a migration decline in the population is observed. Intensive temporary migrations of the Republic’s population result in pronounced social consequences in the context of the socio-demographic development of the Republic and its society. Young people show the most active readiness for migration. Among the trends in interethnic relations that cause certain wariness, a restrained attitude towards migrants should be noted, which manifests itself over a long period of time.
 
 Conclusions. Migration processes of the Republic’s population have both positive and negative consequences. Most residents of Chuvashia perceive migrants as potentially dangerous, firstly, from the point of view of increased competition in the labor market, and secondly, as people with their own traditions and customs who do not really respect local ethno-cultural characteristics. The issues of migration loss of the population, the tendency of a significant outflow of the working population from the Republic remain relevant. But in general, the population of Chuvashia is quite friendly to various contacts with representatives of other ethnic groups, Chuvashia is a region with stable and favorable interethnic relations.

SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY OF TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN THE VOLOGDA REGION

Authorities pay increased attention to the development of autotourism, which can become a driver for the development of tourism in the country, being promising for development in all its regions. In the NWFD, these include the Vologda оblast, where much attention is paid to the development of tourism. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the transport accessibility of tourism industry facilities for car tourists. For its implementation, general scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and spatial modeling were used. The object of the study was the tourist infrastructure of the Vologda Oblast, which includes collective accommodation facilities, catering establishments and tourist display facilities. The modeling carried out made it possible to identify objects that are inaccessible in terms of transport and to reveal their distribution pattern in the region. The scientific novelty of the study is the development of a methodological approach to assessing the transport accessibility of objects of tourist interest. The theoretical basis was the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the issue of assessing the transport accessibility of objects of tourist and social infrastructure. The information base is formed by statistical data, analytical materials and the results of sociological surveys on the problem under consideration. The research can be useful for federal and regional authorities when designing the placement of new points of tourist attraction to increase the level of transport accessibility of objects of tourist interest, which contributes to the development of domestic tourism in the region.

The swearing pandemic: possible risks and consequences

Judging by numerous publications, which, among other things, contain the results of sociological surveys, in the age of the finest technologies, our society has been «covered» by a pandemic of profanity. The author of the article attempts to analyze what is happening from a scientific point of view, namely: to study the origins and get acquainted with the nature of the phenomenon, its vitality and ability to «revolutionary reproduction», etc. Based on the research results, the author introduces the opinion of modern scientists about the active use of obscene vocabulary. In this regard, we are talking, first of all, about the reasons for its taboo by our ancestors, then about the functional features of the use of obscene vocabulary (increasing the emotionality of speech; relieving psychological tension; insulting, humiliating the addressee of speech, etc.); in addition, about the negative impact of swear words on the physical and emotional state of a person; about the causes of the survivability of speech obscenities, etc. Systematizing the available research, the author formulates the possible consequences and risks of the «expletive pandemic», such as: the adoption of profanity as a norm (against the background of cultural polymorphism); the formation of language poverty; the understanding of the mat as a kind of manifestation of subcultural extremism; the presentation of spontaneous profanity as an indicator of intolerance, aggression and violence in society itself. According to the author, according to numerous surveys, modern Russian society is indifferent, indifferent, in different ways, but, for the most part, takes obscene vocabulary for granted. The author expresses confidence in the need to immediately prevent the spread of the expletive pandemic by all available means.

The characteristics and problems of professional activity of medical workers in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic

The article is based on the results of sociological survey of medical workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2021. The approaches to issues of their professional activities are analyzed. It is argued that the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated a number of systemic problems accumulated in health care system in last years. The main difficulties are associated with shortage of medical personnel, increased workload, low remuneration of labor of medical workers, unpractical work organization decreasing quality of medical care, etc. The majority of respondents (68.4%) are not satisfied with their salaries. The highest percentage of negative assessments is fixed among physicians and paramedical personnel. The amount of average monthly salary of junior medical personnel is so low that it does not correlate with the minimum wage accepted in the Republic. The study discovered sufficiently high occupational risk, determined by biological production factor related to possibility COVID-19 contamination. The assessment of occupational morbidity demonstrated that at present the most widely-spread occupational pathologies in medical workers are infection with COVID-19 (70.2%) and emotional burnout syndrome (67.2%). Such measures as annual dispensarization, provision of medical workers with sanatorium-and-spa vouchers are obviously insufficient. Only 14.1% of respondents could underwent annual medical examination. Only 13.8% of respondents had opportunity to take advantage of sanatorium-and-spa vouchers. The study revealed deficiency of personnel in medical organizations among paramedical and junior medical personnel and physicians as well.