Result Of Long-term Evolution Research Articles

The Influence of Dialect Environment on Second Language Acquisition and Countermeasures

Language transfer refers to the influence of language knowledge learned by learners on the learning of target language in the process of learning a new language. Dialects are the inheritance or branch of the common language, which is the result of long-term evolution. Once dialects are formed, they are relatively stable. Therefore, people in a certain dialect area are still largely influenced by local dialects when they learn another new language. When learning a second language, it is inevitable that it will be influenced by the native language variant, the dialect. As the most widely used language in the world, many countries regard it as a second language. This article takes English learning as an example to study the influence of dialect environment on second language acquisition and study the dialect environment in English phonetic learning. The role of language transfer, and the corresponding countermeasures are proposed through the analysis of research results. This paper finds that dialects as a native language voice experience is beneficial to college students in their development of second language phonological awareness. Although the experimenters have rich native language experience, for those who have no dialect and only one native language learner, the performance of dividing the sub-syllable unit is not satisfactory, and the sensitivity to the sub-lexical phonetic unit is not high enough, thus affecting the second language. The speed of vocabulary acquisition. The dialect's experience as a native language of the society can enhance the learner's phonological awareness and improve the speed and accuracy of learners' second-language vocabulary acquisition.

ON WOLVES AND BEES: FACTORS INFLUENCING THE NATURE RELATEDNESS OF THE PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS

Biodiversity is the result of long-term evolution. It is one of the fundamental global problems of today as it is declining in space and time. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship of man and nature and to analyze the influence of variables such as gender, age, pet ownership, cultivation of plants, and perception of popular and unpopular animals. A total of 549 respondents took part in the research survey. In addition to the above-mentioned demographic variables, the research also contained 5 items related to the perceived vulnerability of respondents and 37 items focused on the perception of wolves and bees as example of unpopular or popular animals. All variables except gender had a significant influence on man’s relationship to nature. Students who perceived their own vulnerability to a greater extent had a more negative attitude towards nature. Fear of both groups of observed animals had a negative influence on the relationship to nature. Other dimensions correlated positively, age as well as plant growing and pet breeding. In the end, the possibilities of improving the relationship to nature are suggested. Keywords: nature relatedness, popular animals, quantitative approach, university students, unpopular animals

Coastal Vulnerability Assessment along the North-Eastern Sector of Gozo Island (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)

The coastal landscape of the Maltese Islands is the result of long-term evolution, influenced by tectonics, geomorphological processes, and sea level oscillations. Due to their geological setting, the islands are particularly prone to marine-related and gravity-induced processes, exacerbated by climate change. This study aligns different concepts into a relatively concise and expedient methodology for overall coastal vulnerability assessment, taking the NE sector of Gozo Island as a test case. Geomorphological investigation, integrated with analysis of marine geophysical data, enabled characterization of coastal dynamics, identifying this stretch of coast as being potentially hazardous. The study area features a high economic value derived from tourist and mining activities and natural protected areas, that altogether not only make coastal vulnerability a major concern but also the task of assessing it complex. Before introducing the methodology proposed for overall vulnerability assessment, an in-depth revision of the vulnerability concept is provided. The evaluation was carried out by using a set of key indicators related to local land use, anthropic and natural assets, economic activities, and social issues. Results show that the most critical areas are located east of Marsalforn including Ramla Bay, an important tourist attraction hosting the largest sandy beach in Gozo. The method combines physical exposure and social vulnerability into an overall index. It proves to be cost effective in data management and processing and is suitable for the identification and assessment of overall vulnerability of coastal areas to consequences of climate- and marine-related processes, such as coastal erosion, landslides and sea level rise.

Peptide Hormones in the Insect Midgut.

Insects produce many peptide hormones that play important roles in regulating growth, development, immunity, homeostasis, stress, and other processes to maintain normal life. As part of the digestive system, the insect midgut is also affected by hormones secreted from the prothoracic gland, corpus allatum, and various neuronal cells; these hormones regulate the secretion and activity of insects’ digestive enzymes and change their feeding behaviors. In addition, the insect midgut produces certain hormones when it recognizes various components or pathogenic bacteria in ingested foods; concurrently, the hormones regulate other tissues and organs. In addition, intestinal symbiotic bacteria can produce hormones that influence insect signaling pathways to promote host growth and development; this interaction is the result of long-term evolution. In this review, the types, functions, and mechanisms of hormones working on the insect midgut, as well as hormones produced therein, are reviewed for future reference in biological pest control.

Exploration of a mechanism to form bionic, self-growing and self-organizing neural network

Complex biological neural network is the result of long term evolution. The changes in the external environment will prompt the neural network to change its own structure. In this work, we try to build a bionic method to form self-growing and self-organizing neural networks. We have presented method for connection growing, verification and optimization. Paralleled way to simulate this process has also been presented in this work, using CPU $$+$$ GPU style. We built a simulation platform to verify and test our methods. We conducted a series of experiments, to verify our method, and also to testify the ability of our algorithm. Results show that our method could generate neural network that could be helpful in detecting moving target.

SOCIAL POLICY OF SUPPORT MOTHERHOOD AND CHILDHOOD IN FRANCE

The developed system of family support in France is the result of long-term evolution, during which were introduced and improved various instruments of public, social, including family policy.Analysis of source material confirms that family policy in France from its beginning had a «paternalistic» character, it was aimed at stimulating the birth rate.According to research, the first program of supporting motherhood and childhood was developed in 1866 and was spreaded among civil servants – financial workers, teachers and others.In the 30s (1932, 1938 and 1939) some laws were passed including the Law of 29.07.1939, entitled «Family Code», in which were laid the foundations and principles of the modern system of family support in France. World War II prevented the realization of principles of «Family Code», only laws in 1946 concretized its provisions: there was introduced support for mothers-house-wives; support for families with one working person; maternity support; new scale of adding family support to monthly basic salary.Reforms of family support 1972 – 1978 were accompanied by the introduction of measures to improve the situation of certain categories of families: In 1971 there was introduced aid to orphans (which was later turned into a help to a guardian or a breadwinner); 1975 – support for special education of children with disabilities; 1976 support for single parents.In 1980 – 1990ʼs in France there was passed a massive program to increase social, including family care, in result of which in the 1980 – 1983 part of family support in GDP increased to 3.06 percent. However, worsening of economic situation did not allow to realize planned and forced to significantly reduce social program.Thus, in the mentioned reforms there is a decreasing tendency of pronatalist character and strengthening their social orientation. This is reflected in the changes of demographic area, the role of family, values of modern society.One of the main directions of state family policy in France was support for mothers and children. Among its events: passage and improvement of legislation on providing maternity leave and protection of the rights of working mothers. Since January 1, 2004 in France, was formed a system of family support that included various forms of support at birth, adoption and child care.Much attention was paid to preschool education in France. In November 2006 the French government passed a plan «Young children» the aim was to provide all children with the places in preschool by 2011.Thus, the developed system of social support for motherhood and childhood in France is the result of long-term evolution, which was reflected a set of national, economic, political, socio-cultural and socio-psychological characteristics and conditions. The policy of social support has a global character and includes activities of legislative support for motherhood and childhood and providing the optimal combination of employment of women and motherhood, provide financial assistance in the form of various types of family aids and services in the health sector, organizing teaching on training and education of children.

Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Cold-Responsive Genes in Amur Carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus).

The adaptation of fish to low temperatures is the result of long-term evolution. Amur carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) survives low temperatures (0-4°C) for six months per year. Therefore, we chose this fish as a model organism to study the mechanisms of cold-adaptive responses using high-throughput sequencing technology. This system provided an excellent model for exploring the relationship between evolutionary genomic changes and environmental adaptations. The Amur carp transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina platform and was assembled into 163,121 cDNA contigs, with an average read length of 594 bp and an N50 length of 913 bp. A total of 162,339 coding sequences (CDSs) were identified and of 32,730 unique CDSs were annotated. Gene Ontology (GO), EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to classify all CDSs into different functional categories. A large number of cold-responsive genes were detected in different tissues at different temperatures. A total of 9,427 microsatellites were identified and classified, with 1952 identifying in cold-responsive genes. Based on GO enrichment analysis of the cold-induced genes, “protein localization” and “protein transport” were the most highly represented biological processes. “Circadian rhythm,” “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,” “endocytosis,” “insulin signaling pathway,” and “lysosome” were the most highly enriched pathways for the genes induced by cold stress. Our data greatly contribute to the common carp (C. carpio) transcriptome resource, and the identification of cold-responsive genes in different tissues at different temperatures will aid in deciphering the genetic basis of ecological and environmental adaptations in this species. Based on our results, the Amur carp has evolved special strategies to survive low temperatures, and these strategies include the system-wide or tissue-specific induction of gene expression during their six-month overwintering period.

Evolution and entropy in the organization of urban street patterns

The street patterns of cities are the result of long-term evolution and interaction between various internal, social and economic, and external, environmental and landscape, processes and factors. In this article, we use entropy as a measure of dispersion to study the effects of landscapes on the evolution and associated street patterns of two cities: Dundee in Eastern Scotland and Khorramabad in Western Iran, cities which have strong similarities in terms of the size of their street systems and populations but considerable differences in terms of their evolution within the landscape. Landscape features have strong effects on the city shape and street patterns of Dundee, which is primarily a shoreline city, while Khorramabad is primarily located within mountainous and valley terrain. We show how cumulative distributions of street lengths when graphed as log–log plots show abrupt changes in their straight-line slopes at lengths of about 120 m, indicating a change in street functionality across scale: streets shorter than 120 m are primarily local streets, whereas longer streets are mainly collectors and arterials. The entropy of a street-length population varies positively over its average length and length range which is the difference between the longest and the shortest streets in a population. Similarly, the entropies of the power law tails of the street populations of both cities have increased during their growth, indicating that the distribution of street lengths has gradually become more dispersed as these cities have expanded.

Dynamical evolution of the rotation of Venus

By considering the torque of the bodily tides, the effect of the core-mantle viscous coupling and the torque of the atmospheric tides have been obtained by numerical calculation: the evolution of the spin angular velocity Ω♀ and the obliquity β of the Venus are calculated numerically with the step-variable Runge-Kutta method of 7th order; and 7 sets of the probable Cytherean spin evolution have been obtained. It is indicated that the present spin state of Venus is the result of long-term evolution within the reasonable ranges of some disposable parameters. The early spin period is between 7 h to 2 d and the corresponding obliquity is about 90 ° ~ 100 °. The effects of the torques of body and atmospheric tides and the core-mantle viscous coupling of Venus on its spin angular velocity could nearly cancel out each other about a billion years ago. Therefore, Venus could have been captured in a spin-orbit resonant state by the gravitational torque of the Earth on the permanent deformation part of Venus; and this resonant state has lasted up to the present time.