Resource Information System Research Articles

Forecast earthquake precursor in the Flores Sea

<span>Artificial intelligence (AI) can use seismic training data to discover relationships between inputs and outcomes in real-world applications. Despite this, particularly when using geographical data, it has not been used to predict earthquakes in the Flores Sea. The algorithm will read the seismic data as a pattern of iterations throughout the operation. The output data is created by grouping based on clusters using the most effective WCSS analysis, while the input features are derived from the original international resource information system (IRIS) web service data. Given that earthquake prediction is an effort to reduce seismic disasters, this research is essential. By generating predictions, it can reduce the devastation caused by earthquakes. Using the support vector machine (SVM), hyperparameter support vector machine (HP-SVM), and particle swarm optimization support vector machine (PSO-SVM) algorithms, this study seeks to forecast the Flores Sea earthquake. According to the estimation results, the SVM algorithm’s evaluation value is less precise than that of the HP-SVM, especially the linear HP-SVM and HP-SVM Polynomial models. However, the HP-SVM RBF model’s accuracy rating is identical to that of the traditional SVM model. <br /> The improvement of the PSO-SVM model, which has the finest gamma position and a value of 9.</span>

Investigative Study of Effective Information System Implementation in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions: A Case Study of Selected Tertiary Institutions in Edo State

Information Systems (IS) are embedded in the core of almost every business function in modern organizations; however, the field of education is not an exception to this phenomenon. Tertiary Institutions around the world are investing considerable amount of money to create and Implement Information Systems strategies that meet their students’ and staff institutional needs. While Tertiary Institutions encourage their stakeholders to implement one or more of these new technologies for their planning and delivery of services, various other factors inhibit the effective implementation of Information System strategies. This paper, optimistically, will establish the availability of Information System resources in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions and explore the effective implementation of Information System in Nigeria Tertiary Institutions. Four (4) Tertiary Institutions were selected for the survey: these are Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma (AAU); Auchi Polytechnic (AP); Edo University Uzairue (EUU); and University of Benin, (UNIBEN) Benin City.

The application of human resources information systems for enhancing output in agricultural companies

To examine whether the application of integrated human resource information systems can enhance output, increase productivity, and reduce operating costs in agricultural companies. Survey method is used in this study. One hundred and forty-five supply chain employees from the agricultural industry were surveyed through a structured questionnaire to find the influence of HRIS in the recruitment process, performance appraisal, training needs, and management support to enhance output. The data were analyzed using statistical methods like correlation analysis, Chi-square analysis, and factor analysis. The results reveal that four factors­-recruitment process, performance appraisal, training needs, and management support are statistically significant and influence the outcome variable enhancing output. The automated HRIS system can be helpful in managing the recruitment process, performance appraisal, and training needs efficiently. The management support is critical in deploying automated HRIS to enhance output in agricultural companies. The deployment of HRIS systems isbeneficial for enhancingoutput in agricultural companies. However, before the deployment of such systems, the size of the organization, environment, type of business, and sensitivity of the information need to be considered. Employees will benefit as they are better equipped to visualize original ideas with enhanced IT capacities.

Mass Media in the State Information Resources System of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the issue related to the activities of domestic mass media as components of the State information resources of Ukraine, which together form the State information policy. Objectives of the article. The article is aimed at highlighting the problematic issue raised, which, due to the goal and objectives set out, will provide an opportunity to conduct a systematic analysis of the activities of the mass media as components of the State information resources of Ukraine. The presentation of the proposed material in the scientific article is aimed at solving the following tasks: − to outline the general approaches of the State information policy of Ukraine in the field of mass media; − to reflect the current state of activity of the national mass media with certain parallels with foreign analogues in the field of mass media; − to determine the range of problematic issues that currently exist in our country in the field of the information industry; − to formulate proposals for solving problematic aspects in the activities of the national mass media. Research methods. Given the purpose and objectives of the research, general scientific methods were used, in particular, systematic analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to comprehensively consider the issues raised. Some special methods were used, such as observation, description, comparison, modelling, etc., which served to specify the coverage of the problematic aspects of the national information policy and the place of the mass media, in particular the mass press, in it. The method of generalisation made it possible to systematically, consistently and reasonably formulate the conclusions of the research. It is determined that the methodological toolkit in shaping the foundations of the State information policy is the development of clear and transparent rules that are understandable to all subjects of public relations in building information interaction between the public and the authorities. Such communication can build a specific strategic goal aimed at promoting and establishing a democratic government with the development of a highly organized society as a subject of legal relations and at the same time a consumer of information services. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical generalisation of the problems of the modern domestic state information policy, which is partially implemented through the mass media based on its priorities’ analysis, as well as the study of the essence and methods of organizing various forms of public communications. The author emphasizes that the mass media are a certain component of the general state policy of Ukraine as a well-coordinated, stable, well-organised activity of public authorities on a particular issue or set of tasks which it provides directly or indirectly, influencing the life of Ukrainian society. Conclusions. The conducted systematic analysis of the research problem allows us to formulate conclusions that the national information policy serves as a systemically formative element between the activities of the state and its government institutions, as well as society in the form of a public dialogue between the authorities through the media. The correct construction of the national information policy in general allows our state to successfully promote its information and political projects, providing competitive advantages over the projects of other political forces and actors involved in this social process. It is emphasised that the problems of various aspects of the activities faced by the domestic media significantly complicate their effective work. Specific ways of solving these problematic issues are proposed to raise the prestige of our country in the international arena with its entry into the global information space.

People Development Dengan Metode Business Process Improvement (Studi Kasus: PT. XYZ)

PT. XYZ intends to create a Human Resources Information System (HRIS), requiring HR master data. During the formation of HR master data, many errors were found in the business processes within it, necessitating corrections. The numerous errors in HR business processes have hindered the creation of the Human Resources Information System (HRIS) system. Business process improvements are carried out in the recruitment and people development modules. Improving business processes is the initial step in creating master data to be used in the Human Resources Information System (HRIS) system. Business process improvements begin with the identification of business processes, evaluation of business processes, and proposing business process improvements. The evaluation of business processes is done using the business process improvement method and the ESIA (Eliminate, Simplify, Integrate, Automate) technique. The proposed business processes for recruitment and people development show significant differences in the number of activities and the flow of processes performed

The Influence of Human Resource Information Systems and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Innovation Through Creativity at Private Universities in Kendari City

This study examines the influence of human resource information systems and organizational citizenship behavior on Innovation through Creativity at private universities in Kendari City. This type of research is explanatory research. The population in the study was 9 Private Universities in Kendari City. The number of samples determined was 206 at 9 Private Universities in Kendari City. The lecturer data from samples/respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) using the AMOS 4.01 program package to obtain the results of causality relationships between variables developed in the Model. The test results of the Influence of Human Resource Information Systems and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Innovation through Creativity at Private Universities in Kendari City, are as follows; the influence of human resource information systems on creativity with a path coefficient value of 0.74 with a probability level of 0.02 (p < value 0.05), the influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards Creativity with a path coefficient value of 0.71 with a probability level of 0.00 (p < value 0.05), the influence of human resource information systems on Innovation with a path coefficient value of 0.03 with a probability level of 0.68 (p > value 0.05), the influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior to Innovation with a path coefficient value of 0.21 with a probability level of 0.19 (p > value 0.05), the influence of Creativity on Innovation with a path coefficient value of 0.86 with a probability level of 0.00 (p < value 0.05), the role of creativity in mediating the influence of human resource information systems on Innovation with an indirect influence value of 0.63 more significant than the direct influence value of 0.03, The role of creativity in mediating the influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Innovation with an indirect influence value of 0.61 is greater than the direct influence value of 0.21. The benefits that can be gleaned from this research are the development of science, especially in the paradigm The influence of human resource information systems and organizational citizenship behavior on Innovation through Creativity at private universities in Kendari City. The development of science and organizational Citizenship Behavior is a variable that can influence and increase the Creativity of Private Universities in Kendari City. Higher Education Creativity is an influential variable in mediating the influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Innovation of Private Universities in Kendari City.

Geospatial dataset for hydrologic analyses in India (GHI): a quality-controlled dataset on river gauges, catchment boundaries and hydrometeorological time series

Abstract. Streamflow gauging stations not only track the pulse of rivers but also act as common reference points for hydrologic and other environmental analyses. As such, streamflow data and metadata on gauging stations – Geographic Information System (GIS) data on station locations, their upstream catchment boundaries and river flow networks – are critical for analyses. However, for India's river basins, the availability of such data is limited; when available, data are not in an analysis-ready format and can have substantial errors. Studies often use available information from India's water agencies as is, without checking its validity. This study addresses the above limitations by building a new dataset using existing metadata (from the Central Water Commission, CWC, and the Water Resources Information System, WRIS) and checking it against publicly available information from global data sources (e.g., World Wildlife Fund, Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain Hydro and Copernicus) and online maps (e.g., Google Maps). The quality control process categorizes existing metadata based on their consistency with these sources; also, existing metadata are supplemented with additional information where needed. The new dataset developed here is called the “Geospatial dataset for Hydrologic analyses in India” (GHI) and uses Hydrological data and maps based on Shuttle Elevation Derivatives at multiple Scales (HydroSHEDS) data as the underlying template. GHI has both geospatial and time series information. In this initial version of GHI, the spatial domain includes only the river basins of Peninsular India where daily streamflow data are publicly available. Following the quality control process, the CWC's 645 stations in Peninsular India were categorized into three groups: Group 1 (reliable metadata and adequate daily streamflow data; 213 stations), Group 2 (reliable metadata and inadequate or no daily streamflow data; 259 stations) and Group 3 (missing or unreliable metadata; 173 stations). For each of the 472 stations falling into groups 1 and 2, catchment-specific annual and monthly time series spanning 71 water years (1950–2020) of the following were compiled: observed precipitation from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD); observed streamflow from WRIS; estimated precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow from ERA5-Land; and ET from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). A preliminary analysis of catchment-scale time series of data indicates that, while the compiled data appear reasonable over most of the study domain, spurious runoff–precipitation ratios were observed in the hilly coastal regions of Western India. This adds to yet another data-related obstacle faced by the hydrologic community. In order to quantify historical changes and reconcile them with anticipated future changes, the community needs robust and reliable hydrographic and hydrometeorological datasets as well as unrestricted access to such datasets. The goal of this study is to highlight the limitations of existing datasets and pave the way for a community-led effort towards building the needed datasets. GHI serves as a placeholder until such datasets become available. Potential improvements to GHI are discussed. GHI is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7563599 (Goteti, 2023).

Mapping the digitalisation of child adoption in India: Challenges and future possibilities

Among several other countries, India has launched numerous digital initiative programmes aimed at integrating and upgrading various socioeconomic, political and health and social care arenas. One such area is child adoption, where a move away from the analogue system and towards digitalisation began in 2015. The Indian Ministry of Women & Child Development introduced the Child Adoption Resource Information and Guidance System (CARINGS), a digital adoption formalisation platform, under the Central Adoption Resource Authority, a nodal body that monitors and regulates both in-country and intercountry adoptions. This government initiative centralised adoption data from all over India, including the number of children declared free for adoption and the number of prospective parents registered and seeking to adopt. Against this context, this study aims to map the development of adoption in India through digital systems and the influence of digitilisation on those involved in the pre- and post-adoption phases. Drawing on both Western and Indian literature, as well as observations from an ongoing qualitative study on adoption digitalisation in India, this study discusses the benefits and limitations of digital systems for the people connected to them. The findings provide a comprehensive view of the interaction of technology and society and how this operates in the sociocultural context of adoption in India. Future implications for researchers and adoption social workers and consultants are discussed.

A STUDY ON HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE STAFF EXPERIENCE AT MANIPAL HOSPITAL, DODDABALLAPUR.

This study explores the implementation of a human resource information system with the goal of enhancing staff experience. By integrating technology and HR processes, the study seeks to streamline information management, optimize communication, and facilitate efficient HR operations. The research analyzes the impact of the HRIS on staff satisfaction, engagement, and overall experience within the organization through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study evaluates the system effectiveness in addressing staff needs, and fostering a more positive work environment. The findings offer insights into the potential benefits and challenges of adopting an HRIS to enhance staff experience, contributing to the broader field of HR Technology and employee wee-being.

Risk management in a human resources information system

Risk management in a human resources information system

The digital divide: David vs. Goliath.

There is a global danger that hides in the shadows and is changing the way continuing care operators care for residents. Today, to provide that same historical level of resident care, a group of techno-soldiers are not just a nice-to-have, but are a must, to protect our critical Information Technology (IT) infrastructure. There is little doubt that technology has enabled us to provide better care. Electronic medical records, human resources information systems, and voice over internet communications systems have created great efficiencies in operations. However, global cybercriminals lurk in the same technologies that support us. Continuously attempting to rob our private information and hold us ransom, or play havoc with our IT systems impeding our provision of care. How can a continuing care operator, an already funding-challenged industry balance the costs of protecting their IT infrastructure against this growing massive threat? Compounding the issue, rising insurance expectations for continuing care operators to continuously enhance their IT safety controls against evolving cyberterrorism. This is the story of the Good Samaritan Society/Canada (Good Samaritan) digital transformation journey. Our digital roadmap sets Good Samaritan up to rise above the ongoing barrage of cyberattacks and loss of insurance. This is a digital divide story of David vs. Goliath.

Making Schemas and Mappings Available and FAIR: A metadata and schema crosswalk registry from the FAIRCORE4EOSC project

Community standards like the Darwin Core (Darwin Core Task Group 2009) together with semantic artefacts (controlled vocabularies, ontologies, thesauri, and other knowledge organisation systems) are key building blocks for the implementation of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016), specifically as emphasized in the Interoperability principle I2 “(Meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles”. However, most of these artefacts are actually not FAIR themselves (Le Franc et al. 2020). To address this, the FAIRCORE4EOSC project (2022-25) is developing a Metadata Schema and Crosswalk Registry (MSCR) that will allow registered users and communities to create, register and version schemas and crosswalks that all have persistent identifiers (PIDs). The published content can then be searched, browsed and downloaded without restrictions. The MSCR will also provide an API to facilitate the transformation of data from one schema to another via registered crosswalks. It will provide projects and individual researchers with the possibility to manage their metadata schemas and/or relevant metadata schema crosswalks. The schema and crosswalks will be shared with the community for reuse and extension supported by a proper versioning mechanism. The registry tool will facilitate better interoperability between resource catalogues and information systems using different (metadata) schemas and encourage organisations and especially researchers to share their metadata interoperability by publishing the metadata crosswalks used in their workflows, which are currently not visible (FAIRification). By providing an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) for creating crosswalks, the GUI will attract users currently relying on project-specific solutions.

Development of leave information system and office travel costs in Private Hospital HR with scrum method

One of the needs for Human Resource Information System at private hospitals is a system for calculating official travel costs and the remaining leave for workers in private hospitals as one of the agency units under the corporation. Both guidelines for calculating official travel fees and for employee leave rights in private hospitals are still in the form of books and decrees signed by the director. The rules in the guideline for official travel fees and in the collective work agreement are include in the information system to calculate employee leave entitlements and official travel fees. The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic that hit during the last 1 year required changes in the handling of patients in all health facilities around the world. Changes in patient handling not only change health care procedures but also encourage function shifts in several hospitals. The shift in the function of the hospital to a special Covid-19 hospital also affects the information system that is already running in the hospital. One of the factors that influence information systems is requirement physical distancing and social distancing. The method used to minimize changes in information systems is the Scrum method. The Scrum Method was chosen due to the shorter time for system development and cost efficiency arising from the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.

The Effect of Asset Procurement Planning, Regulation, Asset Inventory, Information Systems and Human Resources Competence on Fixed Assets Optimization

This study examines the influence of asset procurement planning, regulations, asset inventory, information systems and human resource competence on the optimization of fixed assets (studies on asset administration at the Financial Services Authority). The research population is the employees of the Financial Services Authority. Determining the number of samples can be done by means of statistical calculations, namely by using the Slovin formula. This formula is used to determine the sample size of a known population, namely 3,134 Financial Services Authority employees. Furthermore, to perform data analysis, multiple linear regression through the use of SPSS software as a tool is used in this study. The results showed that (H1) was accepted with a significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.050, needs planning and asset valuation had a positive and significant effect on asset optimization. (H2) is accepted with a significance value of 0.024 which is less than 0.050. An important aspect of asset optimization is the regulatory aspect. (H3) is accepted with a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.050. Asset inventory and legal audit have a positive and significant impact on the optimization of fixed assets. (H4) is accepted with a significance value of 0.000 which is less than 0.050, the management information system assists the process of managing finances and assets and reduces the risk of fraud from certain individuals. (H5) is accepted with a significance value of 0.003 which is less than 0.050, fixed asset management is weak human resource competence and lack of responsibility from related parties in managing fixed assets. So that competent human resources are needed in asset management

Soil Moisture and Streamflow Data Assimilation for Streamflow Prediction in the Narmada River Basin

Abstract An accurate streamflow forecast is vital for flood prediction and early warning systems. Notwithstanding the rising frequency and intensity of floods during the summer monsoon season in India, efforts to examine the utility of data assimilation (DA) for streamflow prediction remain limited. We examine soil moisture and streamflow DA to improve streamflow simulations in the Narmada River basin, considered a testbed. Data assimilation was performed using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model at four gauge stations in the basin. First, we used the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to assimilate the satellite soil moisture from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) to the initial state of the VIC model. We examined the usefulness of observed streamflow from the India Water Resources Information System (India-WRIS) to improve the initial hydrological conditions of the VIC model in the streamflow DA during the summer monsoon (June–September) season from 1980 to 2018. The assimilation of ESA-CCI soil moisture showed less improvement in percent error reduction (PER) and efficiency index (EFF) (less than 2%) than the streamflow DA at all of the four gauge locations in the Narmada basin. On the other hand, the streamflow DA showed a significant improvement in PER and EFF (more than 10%) at all the gauge stations for both mean and high-flow conditions. Streamflow data assimilation improved errors in the magnitude and timing for the major floods in 1994 and 2013. Significance Statement India is considerably affected by floods during the summer monsoon. Floods have increased and are projected to become more frequent under the warming climate. Flood prediction and early warning systems are essential in reducing their impacts and exposure. In the present study, we are interested in examining the role of soil moisture and streamflow data assimilation on flood prediction in the Narmada River basin. Our results show that streamflow data assimilation is more effective in reducing errors and bias in streamflow prediction than soil moisture data assimilation. The hydrologic framework used for the Narmada basin can be extended and evaluated to other flood-prone basins in India.

THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

Effective human resource management is crucial to maintaining competitiveness and achieving organizational goals in the highly regulated and complicated environment that the pharmaceutical industry operates in. In recent years, the adoption of Human Resources Information Systems (HRIS) has gained significance as a tactical tool to increase efficiency and effectiveness in this industry. This abstract looks into how HRIS impacts efficiency and productivity in the pharmaceutical sector. A mixed-methods approach, which includes qualitative and quantitative methodologies, was employed as the research strategy for this study. A detailed literature study identifies key areas where HRIS might increase efficiency and effectiveness in the pharmaceutical industry. These areas include hiring and selection, performance management, training and development, and employee engagement. By facilitating effective internal communication, teamwork, and knowledge sharing, HRIS also promotes employee involvement. It provides self-service capabilities that let employees examine their payslips, request leave, and access and modify their personal information in an effort to reduce administrative burdens. HRIS also offers data-driven decision-making, helping HR professionals to make intelligent strategic decisions through robust analytic and reporting capabilities. HRIS installation in the pharmaceutical industry has several benefits, but problems with data security, system integration, and change management need to be fixed. Organizations should make major expenditures in robust security measures, ensure seamless integration with existing systems, and provide personnel with in-depth training to improve the effectiveness of HRIS adoption. In conclusion, the usage of HRIS increases the effectiveness and efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry. Businesses may speed up HR operations and boost employee engagement while also enhancing employee performance. By effectively implementing HRIS, pharmaceutical companies can get a competitive edge in a market that is growing more dynamic and competitive, which will ultimately lead to improved organizational performance and success. KEYWORDS:- HRIS ,Employee, industry ,efficient &effectively

Enhancing Human Resource Functions through Digital Information Management Systems: The Moderating Role of Organisational Commitment

The adoption and implementation of digital information management systems is largely viewed as a means for promoting efficiency in organisations. Conversely, the realisation of the benefits derived from full utilisation of integrated digital information management systems still remain distant, pointing to lack of efficiency for some universities, particularly in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. This lack of efficiency on the part of some universities suggests the need for accelerated incremental or adaptive digital innovations which are regarded as antecedents for the full utilisation of digital information management systems. Owing to this, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of digital information management systems as an antecedent for human resource functions in promoting efficiency. The hypotheses are tested using a sample size of 202 comprising senior managers, heads of sections and human resource personnel. The authors identify enterprise resource planning and human resource information systems as factors that bring efficiency to human resource functions. Organisational efficiency is associated with sound human resource functions driven by full utilisation of digital information management systems. Furthermore, the realisation of efficiency requires commitment of resources by the organisation. The empirical outcomes suggest that the digital information management system in place is predominantly used for recruitment, training and development processes while performance management processes are largely done manually. This paper contributes to the research literature on the significance of digital information management systems utilisation particularly from Sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the study provides a new empirical test using a data set of 202 decision makers such as senior managers and heads of sections.

SISTEM INFORMASI SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

Increasingly advanced developments require companies to update strategies within their companies, one of which is on strategies in human resources. Human resources owned by a good company will be seen from how the results of employee performance. And that many factors can affect employee performance, including human resource information systems and work motivation. This study aims to conclude from the problem of employee performance that occurs by collecting from various previous studies or by literature review. The variables in this study are Human Resource Information Systems, Work Motivation, and Employee Performance. The method in this study uses a literature study approach. The results of this study indicate that both the human resource information system and motivation can produce results that affect and do not affect employee performance due to the object of research, research time, and other factors that are not examined.

Measuring the Impact of ICU Strain on Mortality, After-Hours Discharge, Discharge Delay, Interhospital Transfer, and Readmission in Australia With the Activity Index.

ICU resource strain leads to adverse patient outcomes. Simple, well-validated measures of ICU strain are lacking. Our objective was to assess whether the "Activity index," an indicator developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, was a valid measure of ICU strain. Retrospective national registry-based cohort study. One hundred seventy-five public and private hospitals in Australia (June 2020 through March 2022). Two hundred seventy-seven thousand seven hundred thirty-seven adult ICU patients. None. Data from the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database were matched to the Critical Health Resources Information System. The mean daily Activity index of each ICU (census total of "patients with 1:1 nursing" + "invasive ventilation" + "renal replacement" + "extracorporeal membrane oxygenation" + "active COVID-19," divided by total staffed ICU beds) during the patient's stay in the ICU was calculated. Patients were categorized as being in the ICU during very quiet (Activity index < 0.1), quiet (0.1 to < 0.6), intermediate (0.6 to < 1.1), busy (1.1 to < 1.6), or very busy time-periods (≥ 1.6). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included after-hours discharge from the ICU, readmission to the ICU, interhospital transfer to another ICU, and delay in discharge from the ICU. Median Activity index was 0.87 (interquartile range, 0.40-1.24). Nineteen thousand one hundred seventy-seven patients died (6.9%). In-hospital mortality ranged from 2.4% during very quiet to 10.9% during very busy time-periods. After adjusting for confounders, being in an ICU during time-periods with higher Activity indices, was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 99% CI, 1.38-1.60), after-hours discharge (OR, 1.27; 99% CI, 1.21-1.34), readmission (OR, 1.18; 99% CI, 1.09-1.28), interhospital transfer (OR, 1.92; 99% CI, 1.72-2.15), and less delay in ICU discharge (OR, 0.58; 99% CI, 0.55-0.62): findings consistent with ICU strain. The Activity index is a simple and valid measure that identifies ICUs in which increasing strain leads to progressively worse patient outcomes.

HRM formality: the role of contextual factors in shaping HRM formality among Pakistan SMEs

PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsA study of 300 owners of SMEs in Pakistan found that firm age, association with a larger parent entity, existence of a strategic business plan and the presence of a human resource information system (HRIS) are positively related with higher HRM formality. But firm size, family ownership and exporting characteristics had no association with formality.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.