Harmonic product spectrum (HPS) is an important tool in bearing fault diagnosis because it can quickly locate the fault resonance frequency band. However, its frequency band division strategy easily leads to over- or under-decomposition. This might cause the decomposed signal to contain too little fault information or too much interference. Although an adaptive HPS based on scale space representation for frequency band division is proposed, its frequency band division is driven by the data characteristics of the signal itself, rather than the fault characteristics in signal. It is difficult to completely separate faults from signals by frequency band division without considering fault characteristics. Therefore, an adaptive frequency band segmentation strategy aiming at fault characteristic, i.e., cyclostationarity, maximization is designed and introduced to improve HPS, thus proposing a new optimal fault resonance band location technique. It can achieve fault resonance band location accurately and resist the influence of various noise interferences.