Resolution Of Conflict Situations Research Articles

USING THE BEHAVIOR ANTAGONISM AND THE BIMATRIX GAME THEORY IN THE IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Context. The article proposes a method of analyzing the proposals of team members in order to avoid conflict situations at the stage of team formation.
 Objective. The object of the study is the method of analyzing the proposals of team members while solving project tasks.
 The purpose of the work is to analyze the developed method of analysis of proposals of team members to avoid or resolve conflict situations at the stage of team activation
 Method. The developed method is based on the theory of matrix games. Conflicts between individual team members mainly arise at the stage of team formation. For the project manager, it is important to identify the conflict situation in time and find a way out of it to satisfy both team members and without harming the teamwork as a whole. A team created to implement an IT project is often faced with a situation where two of its members have different visions of approaches to creating the final product. At the same time, each of them has experience in the development of similar software products or services by different teams. To effectively solve this situation, we suggest using approaches typical of bimatrix games, when each of these team members is considered as a player. This takes into account the fact that the bimatrix theory of games is based on a conflict between two players whose interests are opposite – an antagonistic zero-sum game is precisely the basis of the developed approach.
 Results. The proposed method of analysis of proposals of team members contributes to the avoidance or resolution of conflict situations at the stage of their closer interaction. For efficient solution of the said situation, we propose to use approaches being typical for bimatrix games when each of these team members is treated as a player. At the same time, account is taken of the fact that the bimatrix game theory is based on a conflict of two players whose interests are opposite – an antagonistic game with a zero sum being that very element to constitute the basis of the approach developed.
 Conclusions. The given calculation of the model example shows that the use of the proposed method allows the project manager to give a reasonable preference to another team member, since the expected average profit of this player is greater than that of the first player. In this case, the manager has an opportunity to simulate situations for the players (for the team) and promptly respond to probable deviations of their behavioral strategies from the optimal ones, establish healthy relationships between team members and choose the best proposals for solving project tasks.

MANAGER'S WORK WITH PERSONNEL AS THE BASIS OF CONFLICT PREVENTION IN АN ORGANIZATION

The article is devoted to the problems of the manager's activities with personnel as the basis of conflict prevention in the organization (on the example of LLC SPA "Perlyna Podillya"). Goal. The study of modern trends in the manager's work with personnel as a basis for the prevention of conflicts in the organization, as well as the development of recommendations and substantiation of directions to improve personnel work. The results. It is stated that the current stage of social and economic development is characterized by the maximum commercialization of social relations, formed under the influence of the market economy and fierce competition, reinforced by periodically occurring crisis phenomena, which exacerbates conflicts and creates conflict situations. The authors emphasize that personnel policy in the organization as a tool for managing it and conflicts makes it possible to create a competitive policy if there is high-quality personnel potential. The article states that today the LLC pays considerable attention to the study and diagnosis of conflicts. Personnel policy is always aimed at work with the personnel in conflict situations. The analysis of personnel work and personnel policy was carried out in the context of prevention and resolution of conflict situations in the conditions of the latest challenges. The article emphasizes the global experience of conflict resolution. It confidently shows that based on the achievements of joint decisions and coordination of interests, any conflict situations and problems of organizational life at the LLC can be resolved. The recommendations for improving the personnel policy of the LLC, aimed at conflict prevention, have been developed. And it, in turn, should minimize the possibility of conflict situations at the enterprise. Keywords: personnel work, personnel policy, personnel management, conflict, conflict situation, conflict prevention.

Osobye vidy pozoryashchih nakazanij po obychnomu pravu u donskih kazakov vo vtoroj polovine XIX v.

In this publication, the author for the first time conducts a specific historical reconstruction of the use by the Don Cossack communities of special methods of implementing shameful punishments in the villages and farms of the Don Host Region in the second half of the 19th century. According to the author, such methods of shameful punishments include various options for shaming the guilty and (or) suspected of committing any offenses. The popularity of various types of shameful punishments among the Don Cossacks during this period was explained by the speed of the administration of justice and the absence of any court costs and costs for the consideration and resolution of conflict situations between members of the Don Cossack communities.

Peculiarities of Medical Personnel Behavior Styles in Conflict Situations

Introduction: Leadership style is a way, a system of methods of influence of the leader on subordinates. This is one of the most important factors of the effective work of the institution, the full realization of the potential capabilities of people in the team. Leadership style, as an individual way of carrying out management activities, is mostly associated with the person of the manager. The management style is formed under the influence of the relationship between the manager and the team in the process of making and implementing management decisions, individual characteristics and preferences of the manager. The objective of the study was conflicts in the field of healthcare in the system “medical personnel of a healthcare institution—patients and relatives of patients”. The objective of the study was to determine management styles in conflict situations among medical workers. Materials and Methods: With the help of a direct individual survey, according to an anonymous questionnaire developed by us, the opinion of 582 medical workers (422 doctors and 160 nurses) of general hospitals and primary care centers of Chernivtsi and Chernivtsi region regarding the ceilings of behavior in conflict situations was studied. Results: In a conflict situation, the leading form of behavior for medics, both doctors and medical personnel, is the subordinate type (29.6% and 38.1%, respectively). The second most frequent method of conflict resolution is an authoritarian strategy (20.6% for doctors and 15% for nurses), in which personal aspirations and the achievement of one’s own goals come to the fore. Dependent style (17.8% for doctors and 13.75% for nurses) ranks third. A selfish style of behavior in a conflict situation is characteristic of 13.7% of doctors and 13.1% of nurses. A friendly style of behavior during the resolution of conflict situations is characteristic of medical workers at a rather low level (12.3% for doctors and 12.5% for nurses). Aggressive style (5.9% for doctors and 7.5% for nurses) is the least popular as a model of behavior in a conflict situation among respondents. Conclusion: The style of behavior of doctors and nurses in conflict situations is ambiguous, which is due to personal qualities, the degree of leadership, professional relationships and the specifics of the work environment.

ДОСЛІДЖЕНННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ ВЗАЄМОВІДНОСИН ОРГАНІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ВЛАДИ ТА ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА

Modern democratic states seek to build partnership relations with civil society, realizing that reliance on a mature civil society is one of the conditions for social strength and stability of the political system of society. The issue of relations between state power and civil society is one of the key issues of society, on which its political structure and stability depend. This is due to the fact that civil society determines the content of state power, and the nature of state power, in turn, affects the development of civil society. In the political space, information is the dominant basis of management patterns. The informational identity of the authorities and members of state entities and other political groups allows for a harmonious reproduction of the managed system. In political and social life, information turns into a way of uniting people, a form of creating resonance for actors who have freedom. Mass media are transformed from organization as methods of legitimization, and forms of activity, requiring synchronization on an unprecedented scale. It has been established that the tool of political communication as a social network has not been sufficiently researched. However, the potential of using social networks in political practice is very significant, its implementation is manifested in everyday political activity, the functioning of all political institutions. Interaction always involves dialogue. Institutional dialogue is also envisaged between the subjects of public authority (the state and civil society), the purpose of which is to find consensus and mutual understanding. The presence of such a result always implies that common interests have been identified, social priorities have been determined, thoughts and intentions have been agreed upon, and an agreement has been reached on methods, forms and methods. resolution of conflict situations, mutually acceptable legal, political and managerial solutions. Representatives of civil society, demonstrating their ideas to the authorities and defending their rights, should be ready not only for confrontation, but also for constructive opposition and cooperation with the state authorities.

Управление жилищным строительством и реконструкцией жилого фонда на основе современной концепции формирования маркетинговых инвестиционных решений

Управление жилищным строительством и реконструкцией жилого фонда на основе современной концепции формирования маркетинговых инвестиционных решений

Informational influence: concept and evolution in modern scientific idea

postgraduate student, Department of Information, Library and Archival Affairs, Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, Kharkiv, Ukraine
 INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE: CONCEPT AND EVOLUTION IN MODERN SCIENTIFIC IDEA
 The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the concept of “informational impact”, its evolution in scientific idea, as well as methodological aspects of the development of information technology in the context of their connection with the phenomenon of the information impact.
 The methodology. The work studies this issue by examining the basic methods and principles of information studies.
 The results. The concept of “informational influence” can be represented as a form of influencing the consciousness of the individual, carried out using the media resource in order to change the formed assessments, opinions, beliefs, values ​​for further transformation of its behavioral response to events. Not enough attention is paid to the informational influence as a phenomenon in the works of the scientists, because it is considered as an integral part of other definitions, and not as a separate phenomenon. It is important to note that the concept of “informational impact” as a phenomenon is almost not considered in scientific works. Most often, informational influence was an integral part of other definitions, rather than a separate process. Thus, this problem has not been considered comprehensively, and it needs additional attention of the scientific community.
 Informational influence, as well as the use of media resources in modern conditions are becoming an integral part of socio-political conflicts. The media and the phenomenon of informational influence itself is a tool for both the emergence and resolution of conflict situations. The conclusion about global informatization and formation of high-tech information infrastructure, and also about importance of consideration of information influence as one of tools of manipulative technologies is made.
 The scientific novelty. The author’s definition of the concept of “informational influence” is formulated, as well as its place as a tool of manipulative possibilities are analyzed, and also the questions of manipulative possibilities of mass media and communication are considered.
 The practical significance lies in the analysis of scientific and theoretical views of this matter. The phenomenon of informational influence in the context of information warfare and manipulations is considered.

Aircraft Deconfliction via Mathematical Programming: Review and Insights

Computer-aided air traffic management has increasingly attracted the interest of the operations research community. This includes, among other tasks, the design of decision support tools for the detection and resolution of conflict situations during flight. Even if numerous optimization approaches have been proposed, there has been little debate toward homogenization. We synthesize the efforts made by the operations research community in the past few decades to provide mathematical models to aid conflict detection and resolution at a tactical level. Different mathematical representations of aircraft separation conditions are presented in a unifying analysis. The models, which hinge on these conditions, are then revisited, providing insight into their computational performance.

DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF THE GOALS OF EXTERNAL PARTICIPANTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY PROJECT PORTFOLIO

Purpose of research: To show that the practice of functioning of production industries indicates the relevance of conducting pre-project analysis and improving its quality in terms of identifying the interests of all participants in the formation of the project portfolio of the parent company; to improve the identification of conflict situations; to suggest approaches to goal-setting and pre-project analysis of the goals of the subjects of the formation of the project portfolio. The results. The external contour of the subjects influencing the formation of the project portfolio of the parent company is highlighted. Tools for conducting pre-project analysis and determining the objectives of the subjects are proposed. The objectives of the subjects are identified and systematized. A mathematical description of both qualitative and quantitative goals is developed and proposed. Their analysis is carried out and typical conflict situations that arise during the formation of a project portfolio are identified. An approach to resolving the identified conflicts is proposed. The practical significance it is manifested by increasing the accuracy of the formation of a portfolio of projects for the medium and long term, timely identification and resolution of conflict situations and the formation of informed decisions by the manager about the need to expand/modernize/reorganize production.

Organizational and technological aspects of a forensic construction and technical expertise

Construction industry development has both positive aspects of a social and economic nature and negative ones, associated with an increase in the number of accidents, poor construction and installation work quality and the emergence of disputes between the participants in construction production. The resolution of conflict situations arising in the construction industry between business entities is possible with the use of special construction and technical knowledge. One of the most demanded application forms of such knowledge is judicial construction and technical expertise.

Conflict in Nigeria’s Agricultural Community. The Herders’ Perspective in North Central Nigeria

The crop farmer-herder conflict has taken a toll on the agricultural development of Nigeria. These two major players in the Nigerian agricultural sector, constitute a threat to their livelihood strategy. As a result of these conflicts, fortunes have been lost in terms of crops and livestock. Our study investigated conflict between herders and crop farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. In general, a herdsman is responsible for the conflict experienced on the agricultural scene in Nigeria. This work presents the herders’ perspective to the lingering dispute. For the purpose of the study, purposive sampling method was used to select 3 locations in the state. Furthermore, we applied snowball sampling to select 40 herder respondents from each of the three locations; consequently, a total of 120 herders were sampled for the study. Data were collected through the use of structured interview schedules. Descriptive statistics, the 5 point Likert scale and Chi square test were used for the analyses. Among the identified causes of conflict one can enumerate: crop damage by cattle (72.5%), crop farmers encroachment onto cattle routes (47.5%), inadequate grazing reserves for cattle (70.0%), lack of access to water points (64.2%), pollution of water points leading to death of livestock (47.5%), intentional bush burning (66.7%), maiming/killing of stray cattle (74.2%), and blockade of stock route by farms (80.8%). Resolution of conflict situations was found to be carried out mostly by traditional institutions, i.e. the police, local authorities, courts and cattle breeders association through legal means and payment of compensation among others. Furthermore, the herdsmen also have strategies to prevent such conflicts; these are restriction of cattle, awareness of the existence of a stock route among members and use of the stock route. Therefore, we recommend the use of traditional institutions and support of the cattle breeders association to manage such conflicts in any case.

APPLYING THE CONSTRUCTIVE APPROACH IN RESOLVING ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICTS IN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS

Healthcare institutions as social entities are segmented hierarchically into sectors and departments and various organizational structures that are characterized by often present conflicts, that are manifested within this hierarchy. In all organizations, including healthcare institutions, the planning and fulfillment of organizational goals is achieved through synergy and integration into organizational activities between organizational units in the entire organizational hierarchy, relationship structure, vertical, horizontal and diagonal level. In the health institution, the organizational structure is complex, and as such brings conflicts that have value for the institution, only if they possess elements and characteristics of constructiveness. In all organizations, not all conflicts are harmful, so some can bring positive results that relate to the growth and development of the organization. The goal of management in healthcare institutions is to achieve optimal level of conflicts, without their complete elimination, but minimizing to a certain level, which is manageable and brings positive effects for the organization. It has been established that the significance in terms of positivity / negativity of the results from the resolution of conflict situations has had mostly the approach (constructive or destructive).

Tactics of defence on resolution of conflict situations in criminal proceedings

Tactics of defence on resolution of conflict situations in criminal proceedings

Ability of automatic detection of conflict between planes in flight simulations with the help of expert system

This article examines options for applying expert systems for the needs of identification of conflict situations between planes in flight simulations, which are applied during basic training of air traffic controllers. It focuses on the conditions for basic training of military air traffic controllers and presents the use of rule systems to automatic detection of conflict between planes within a basic training polygon. The system of rules is a part of the expert system, consisting of realisation of tasks for identifying optimum resolution of conflict situations in selected types of simulations.

Broadcast algorithms for detection and decentralized resolution of unsafe approach of airborne aircraft based on the force field method

A key direction in the modification of Russian air navigation system is the implementation of tools for supporting decision making both by controllers and pilots. This requires the development of new algorithms that take into account the improved provision with information and new principles and concepts of air traffic management (ATM). Algorithms for the detection and resolution of conflict situations between aircraft are proposed and justified. These algorithms are designed to support the crew under the conditions of self-separation.

Music to counter violence: a preventative approach for working with adolescents in schools

In countries with an increasing migrant population, more and more children are forced to deal with different cultures and limited language skills. Increasing violence and difficulty with social integration are often the results. The following music therapy approach, based on research and clinical experience, is designed to alleviate such problems. The basic clinical aim is to support children and young adolescents in order for them to express their emotional state and aggressive tension. Regulation of affect and aggression, resolution of conflict situations, avoidance and resistance of threatening situations, and constructive handling of aggression can be practiced musically, within a thematic framework. Working creatively on specific subjects promotes reciprocal respect, acceptance of individual differences and social integration. Particularly in classes with migrant children from diverse cultures, experiencing common rhythmic improvisation can lead to a breaking down of barriers. Despite language and social differences, an emotionally stabilizing feeling of togetherness can develop, experienced in a playful manner and therapeutically supported. This approach, created and developed from clinical music therapy practice against the background of the current school situation in Germany, is piloted in two Munich boarding schools.

Computer-supported conflict resolution for collaborative facility designers

Fundamental in engineering design is the notion that collaboration is useful to reduce total project development time and increase design quality. A critical element of collaborative design is the resolution of conflict situations that result naturally from the interaction of cooperating designers, particularly when they are widely dispersed. A multi-approach method for computer-supported resolution of conflict situations in collaborative facility design is introduced. The method is based on social sciences theories used to solve human conflicts. FDL-CR, an extension of the Facility Description Language (FDL) with conflict resolution capabilities provided by the new tool, is the major development in this research. It provides fast identification of the conflict situation, diagnostics of conflict parameters, access to the conflict information by all conflicting parties and mechanisms for conflict resolution. The usefulness of FDL-CR is evaluated with a design case study where a neural-fuzzy inference system is developed to validate the conflict resolution method through the confrontation of conflicting parties. Computer-supported confrontation of conflicting parties was effective when other approaches, such as third-party mediation and persuasion, failed to provide conflict resolution. The new tool is viewed as an essential component of virtual design and manufacturing, and in general e-work.

Conflict Management in Group Psychotherapy

This article combines theoretical material and the author's experience in a discussion of conflict and its management in group psychotherapy. The author emphasizes that conflict is an inevitable and important factor in group development. Particular emphasis is placed on the therapist's ability to manage group conflict and how this ability is communicated to the group members. Techniques that aid in the highlighting and resolution of conflict situations are discussed, accompanied by illustrations of group situations arising from the author's practice. Cited in the article is some of the literature discussing the sources and importance of conflicts in groups, conflict related to group development theory, transference and the role of the group leader in managing conflict, the group contract, and resistance.