Resistance To Antimicrobial Agents Research Articles

Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and retrospective clinical effectiveness of Kantinka BA and Kantinka Herbaltics, two multi-component-herbal products used in the management of infectious diseases in Ghana

There is an upsurge in the incidence of persons living with infectious diseases and their associated symptoms. Also, there is increased resistance and high cost of available synthetic antimicrobial therapeutic agents. This calls for screening candidate herbal products to examine the risk-to-benefit ratio for users. Moreover, there are inadequate proven scientific studies to assess the quality, effectiveness, and toxicity of herbal products that traditional medicine practitioners in Ghana commonly use for the management of infectious diseases such as those caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida albicans and the symptomatic management of symptoms associated with infections like cough, skin infections among others and gastritis. Kantinka BA and Kantinka Herbaltics, two multicomponent herbal products, have been used to manage the above-mentioned disease conditions. The study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity, assess the retrospective clinical effectiveness (clinical responses; the disappearance of presenting signs and symptoms associated with infections, gastritis), and the quality and toxicity of Kantinka BA and Kantinka Herbaltics. The products are registered by the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA). Data on 200 patients who were diagnosed with infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and associated symptoms from January 2018 to June 2018 was obtained from the Adom Herbal Clinic, and the Tafo Government Herbal Medicine Records Unit was assessed. The antibacterial activity of the products was evaluated using the HT-SPOTi method. Phytochemical screening, microbial load, and pH were carried out according to standard procedures. Acute toxicity was carried out according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline 425. Phytochemical screening, pH, and microbial load have been established for both products. Binding toxicity studies revealed that the products are non-toxic at a 2000 mg/kg dose. The two products exhibited antimicrobial activities against the test organisms with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) determined for Kantinka BA and Kantinka Herbaltics as 5% and 10% and <80, respectively, against C. albicans and N. gonorrhoeae - the signs and symptoms associated with infections disappeared during the management period. The products are safe and may effectively manage some infectious diseases and associated symptoms.

Hybrids Diazine: Recent Advancements in Modern Antimicrobial Therapy.

Nowadays, antimicrobial therapies have become a very challenging issue because of a large diversity of reasons such as antimicrobial resistance, over consumption and misuse of antimicrobial agents, etc. A modern, actual and very useful approach in antimicrobial therapy is represented by the use of hybrid drugs, especially combined five and six-membered ring azaheterocycles. In this review, we present an overview of the recent advanced data from the last five years in the field of hybrid diazine compounds with antimicrobial activity. In this respect, we highlight here essential data concerning the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of the main classes of diazine hybrids: pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and their fused derivatives.

Detection of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Genes and Its Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Malaysia.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The dramatic increase in in-vitro resistance of antimicrobial agents, particularly beta-lactams and macrolides, makes pneumococcal infections difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to describe the drug resistance rate, assess the prevalence of macrolide-resistant genes and review the clinical complications of pneumococcal infections among patients presented to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. All S. pneumoniae isolates collected from clinical specimens within a 1-year period were subjected to selected antimicrobial susceptibility testing using E-test strips. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted to detect macrolide-resistant determinants. The patient's clinical data were obtained from clinical notes. A total of 113 patients with a positive growth of S. pneumoniae were included in the study. The most common predisposing factors among them were bronchopulmonary diseases (15.9%). The penicillin-resistant rate was 7.1%, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.012 μg/mL and >32 μg/mL, and the erythromycin-resistant rate was 26.5%, with a MIC range of 0.03 μg/mL-> 256 μg/mL. Most of the erythromycin-resistant isolates were found to have the mef(A) gene (50.4%) and the erm(B) gene (20%); 16.7% had a combination of genes mef(A) and erm(B), and 13.3% had none of the two genes. Community-acquired pneumonia is the predominant type of pneumococcal infection. There was no significant association between the presence of macrolide resistance determinants and mortality (P = 0.837) or complications (P > 0.999 for empyema and cardiac complication; P = 0.135 for subdural abscess). The majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates were found to have the mef(A) gene, followed by the erm(B) gene and a combination of genes mef(A) and erm(B).

PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES AT ELMC&H

To identify P. aeruginosa prevalence in different clinical samples along with to. Evaluate its antibiotic sensitivity method isolated from variety of clinical. Over the course of the six- month trial period, 1200 samples in total were analyzed. To identify and isolate P. aeruginosa, each of them underwent direct microscopy and culture. In this study 63 P. aeruginosa were isolated and identified out of 1200 clinical samples. Pus and urine were where the majority of P. aeruginosa were isolated from specimens. There found sensitivity to Piperacilin- tazobactam (10µg) 35% and Gentamycin (10µg) 38% respectively by kirbey-Bauer disc diffusion method. As an opportunistic organism with a high prevalence that is growing more common due to antimicrobial agent resistance, P. aeruginosa may pose a risk to health.

Detection of polymyxin B resistance in Enterobacterales by broth disk elution method

Background: Antibiotic resistance being the critical issue faced by medical field, especially by Gram negative bacteria. It is a great threat in the case of both hospitals acquired and community acquired infections. They possess various mechanisms for their survival. The widespread resistance in Gram negative bacteria has necessitated evaluation of the use of older antimicrobials such as polymyxins. Polymyxins are disfavoured owing to their potential clinical toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. Thus, they got abandoned in the sixties. But now they are re- emerged and used as last resort antibiotics. Methods: 274 isolates of Enterobacterales including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp. Enterobacter spp. was collected from various diagnostic microbiology laboratories in Kerala. The polymyxin resistance among Enterobacterales by broth disk elution method recommended by CLSI. Results: In this study prevalence of multi drug resistant is 37% and extensively drug resistant strains is 25%. And the threatening fact is that the colistin also shows resistance among Enterobacterales (9.2%). Conclusions: Though the resistance to Polymyxin B is to the lesser side in the present study, increase in resistance to the agent is being documented globally elsewhere. So, rational use of Polymyxin B is warrantied as we could cherish polymyxin B as a “life - saving drug” to avoid no drug available. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance and development of new antimicrobial agents and improved treatments are essential in the current situation.

Two Years Study of Frequency and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Northern Iran

Background: According to the reports from the World Health Organization, increased use of antibiotics and bacterial resistance has become a worldwide issue. Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Escherichia coli clinical strains is increasing. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in E. coli isolated from patients in two major hospitals in Sari, north Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 13322 clinical specimens were collected from patients. All the specimens were evaluated to determine the presence of E. coli strains using conventional biochemical tests and API kit. Susceptibility testing against twelve antibiotics was determined using the disk-diffusion method. Results were interpreted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol. Results: Out of 13322 studied samples, 964 (7.23%) E. coli strains were identified. In two hospitals, high resistance to ampicillin and cefalexin was presented in 621 (64.4%) and 402 (41.7%) isolates, respectively. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed in the burn unit, the burn intensive care unit (ICU) and the burn restoration section, while all the strains (eight) that were isolated from the neonatal-ICU, were sensitive to all the tested antibiotics except cefalexin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, and ampicillin. Also, strains isolated from urine, wound, stool, and blood samples were resistant to all tested antibiotics. Conclusion: Increased resistance to different antibiotics in burn hospitals has created increasing concern. Very high resistance to some antibiotics indicates that these drugs are misused in therapeutic centers and highlights that infection control measures should be arranged in the ICUs of our hospitals.

Study of Bacteriological and Microbial Susceptibility in Critically Ill Children of Karnataka: Retrospective study

Background: Due to indiscriminate usage of antimicrobial agents among critically ill children is extremelyimperative to monitor the sensitivity and resistance of antimicrobial agents (AMA). If neglected May cause unsafetreatment exacerbation of adverse drug reactions and increase the length of hospital stay.Method: Children aged between 2 to 6year of age admitted at ICU were studied out of 92, 69(Sixty Nine)encountered positive. Samples collected for culture and Kirby Bauers Disc diffusion technique. MRSA tested byOxacillin screening agar method, ESBL were tested for phenotypic confirmation test.Results: Highest distribution were gram negative pseudomonas aeruginosa 15(21.7%) and least were 1(1.44%)included NFGNB, Moraxella, Enterococci, Coagulase-ve Staphylococci, S. aures. The highest MDR was 6(54.5%)Acinetobacter.Conclusion: This pragmatic Bacteriological and microbial findings will be tools for the pediatricians to treatcritically ill patients admitted at ICU efficiently.

Biochemical Identification, Direct Molecular Detection, and Antimicrobial Agent Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Raw Camel Milk in Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia

Biochemical Identification, Direct Molecular Detection, and Antimicrobial Agent Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Raw Camel Milk in Al Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia

Drug resistance characteristics and molecular typing of Escherichia coli isolates from neonates in class A tertiary hospitals: A multicentre study across China

Escherichia coli is a common pathogen causing invasive bacterial infections in neonates. In recent years, clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing has demonstrated an increased rate of drug-resistant E. coli infections. This study aimed to analyse the resistance characteristics of E. coli against common antimicrobial agents, and perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST) in clinical strains of E. coli collected from Chinese neonates. Culture-positive specimens of E. coli were collected from neonates in seven class A tertiary hospitals located in seven cities across different provinces in China between November 2019 and October 2020. E. coli isolated from these specimens were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (by broth microdilution method), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) detection, and MLST. A total of 223 E. coli strains were isolated, with an overall resistance rate of 87.4%, an ESBL-positive rate of 48.0%, and a multidrug resistance rate of 42.2%. Among the 20 antimicrobial agents tested, E. coli strains showed the highest resistance rates against cefotaxime (59.2%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (56.5%), doxycycline (39.9%), ciprofloxacin (36.8%), and aztreonam (31.0%). The resistance rates of E. coli strains isolated from children's hospitals against piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and carbapenems, were significantly higher than those of strains isolated from maternity and child health hospitals. The primary E. coli multilocus sequence types were ST1193, ST95, ST73, ST410, and ST131. The ESBL production rates and multidrug resistance rates of ST1193, ST410, and ST131 were significantly higher than those of ST95 and ST73. Significantly, more strains of E. coli ST1193 and ST410 were isolated from children's hospitals than from maternity and child health hospitals. The rates of antimicrobial agent resistance in E. coli isolates from hospitalised neonates in China were high. The increased number of strains of E. coli ST1193 and ST410 was the reason for higher resistance rates to multiple antimicrobial agents in E. coli from children's hospitals compared with those from maternal and child health hospitals.

Integrative Reverse Genetic Analysis Identifies Polymorphisms Contributing to Decreased Antimicrobial Agent Susceptibility in Streptococcus pyogenes.

ABSTRACTIdentification of genetic polymorphisms causing increased antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens traditionally has proceeded from observed phenotype to defined mutant genotype. The availability of large collections of microbial genome sequences that lack antibiotic susceptibility metadata provides an important resource and opportunity to obtain new information about increased antimicrobial resistance by a reverse genotype-to-phenotype bioinformatic and experimental workflow. We analyzed 26,465 genome sequences of Streptococcus pyogenes, a human pathogen causing 700 million infections annually. The population genomic data identified amino acid changes in penicillin-binding proteins 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2X with signatures of evolution under positive selection as potential candidates for causing decreased susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics. Construction and analysis of isogenic mutant strains containing individual amino acid replacements in penicillin-binding protein 2X (PBP2X) confirmed that the identified residues produced decreased susceptibility to penicillin. We also discovered the first chimeric PBP2X in S. pyogenes and show that strains containing it have significantly decreased β-lactam susceptibility. The novel integrative reverse genotype-to-phenotype strategy presented is broadly applicable to other pathogens and likely will lead to new knowledge about antimicrobial agent resistance, a massive public health problem worldwide.

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> antimicrobial efflux pumps and their inhibitors: recent developments

<abstract> <p>The microorganism <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> is a notorious causative agent of bacterial infection. The widespread presence of this pathogen has caused significant morbidity and mortality rates in clinical healthcare settings and communities. Due to its increasingly frequent recalcitrant nature towards clinically available antimicrobial agents, the bacterium poses a considerable public health crisis. A significant bacterial mechanism of antimicrobial agent resistance includes multidrug efflux pump systems. These antimicrobial efflux determinants translate into several large superfamilies of transporters that share related amino acid sequences, similarities in three-dimensional structures, modes of energization, and solute transport catalysis across the membrane. Because of their ubiquitous nature and functional role in virulence, these multidrug transporters make good targets for inhibition. This review briefly summarizes recent key findings regarding multidrug efflux activity and modulation in the MATE, SMR, and MFS transporters.</p> </abstract>

The potential counter effect of COVID-19 outbreak on an antimicrobial agents prescribing educational intervention.

Educational interventions targeting health care professionals can contribute to improving knowledge and behaviors of antimicrobial agents prescribing. However, the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak caused a disruption of the current practices and treatment guidelines. Therefore, it is highly likely that the pandemic had its disruptive effect on any educational interventions that were going on during the outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving antimicrobial agents prescribing. This was a randomized controlled study that included 69 resident physicians in a teaching hospital. The intervention group received an educational intervention focusing on antimicrobial agents prescribing and resistance. Before and after the intervention, outpatient antimicrobial agents prescribing rates for the two study arms were compared for the pre- and post-intervention periods. Additionally, all participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire that measured their knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intention towards antimicrobial agents resistance and prescription. The post-intervention period included the months of February, March, and June 2020. April and May were excluded from the study period since clinics were closed due to the COVID -19 pandemic. Post-intervention, the rate of antimicrobial agents prescribing by the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Mean fear score for the intervention group was significantly lower than that for the control group after the intervention. Findings indicate failure of the educational intervention in improving antimicrobial agents prescribing. However, an unexpected counter effect of the COVID-19 outbreak is highly likely.

Determination of the prevalence of blaoxa-like gene and ISAba1 elements among extensiveــdrug resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter boumannii isolates

The capacity of Multiـdrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii to survive in any state of affairs concerning the gaining of various gene types of virulence and antimicrobial agent resistance are the main anxiety in the hospital’s environments. So, it is very crucial to determine the prevalence of insertion sequences in A. baumannii. In the hospitals. Detecting the blaoxa-51 gene through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm Acinetobacter baumannii and the search for ISAba1 element. Between October 2020 and February 2021, 540 distinct clinical specimens were gathered from five hospitals in Baghdad. Thirty-eight A. baumannii isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens. The isolates were initially identified phenotypically using standard microbiological techniques and by the Vitek2 compact automated machine. Isolates of A. baumannii were identified genotypically by amplification of the blaoxa-51-like gene. Antimicrobials are studied by Kirby-Bauer (disc diffusion) technique on Muller-Hinton agar as specified by the recent clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines (2020). The actual results of the current study indicated that from total isolated (38) A.baumannii isolates, 23 isolates (61%) were resistant to meropenem and 25 isolates (66%) were resistant to imipenem. The blaoxa-51 gene was identified in all strains examined, ISAba1 was also present in all A. baumannii isolates. ISAba1 has a high predominance between drug-resistant A. baumannii. Identifying these parameters can assist in the control of infection and decreasing the microorganism’s prevalence rate.

Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Brazilian Water and the Risks They May Represent to Human Health.

The risks of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (P&EDC) to the environment and human health are a current topic of interest. Hundreds of P&EDC may reach the environment, hence, there is a need to rank the level of concern of human exposure to these compounds. Thus, this work aimed at setting a priority list of P&EDC in Brazil, by studying their occurrence in raw and drinking water, calculating health guideline values (GV), and estimating the risks of population exposure to water intake. Data on the Brazilian pharmaceutical market as well as published data of the monitoring of Brazilian natural and drinking water have been collected by means of an exhaustive literature review. Furthermore, many foreign data were also collected to enable a comparison of the values found in Brazilian studies. A list of 55 P&EDC that have the potential to be found in Brazilian water is proposed, and for 41 of these a risk assessment was performed by estimating their margin of exposure (ME), by considering their occurrence in drinking water, and guideline values estimated from reported acceptable daily intake (ADI) data. For seven compounds the risk was deemed high (three estrogens and four anti-inflammatories), whereas for another seven compounds, it was regarded as an ‘alert’ situation. Although such risk analysis is conservative, since it has been calculated based on the highest reported P&EDC concentration in drinking water, it highlights the need to enhance their monitoring in Brazil to strengthen the database and support decision makers. An analysis of the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance agents (antibiotics, resistant bacteria, and resistance genes) in surface waters was also carried out and confirmed that such agents are present in water sources throughout Brazil, which deserves the attention of policy makers and health agents to prevent dissemination of antimicrobial resistance through water use.

FACTORS THAT FAVOURS THE SPREAD OF BACTERIAL RESISTANCE

Antimicrobial agent resistance has increased globally in different bacterial pathogens, which leads to treatment failure in human and animal infectious diseases. The occurrence of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria often develop as a result of non-essential and improper use of antimicrobial agents. An estimated 700,000 individuals die yearly from drug-resistant infections. Many studies also illustrated the financial consequences of antimicrobial agent resistance, including very high hospital costs owing to an increase in hospital admission, extended hospital stays etc. This article describes the various factors that favours the spread of bacterial resistance.

The Underlying Impact of Antimicrobial Agents Resistance of Acinetobacter Baumannii

Whenever the bacterium Acinetobacter Baumannii is mentioned the antimicrobial agents resistance come directly into the mind. This bacteria have been widely distributed worldwide since it have the ability to maintain their living in any surrounding niches including the harsh ones.(Lin, 2014).Being resistant made it a problematic pathogen that makes therapists unable to treat their patients because some of Acinetobacter Baumannii strains are extensively multidrug resistant(XDR) (Moubareck and Halat, 2020)A. Baumannii is characterized as Gram negative coccobacilli has the ability to produce catalase but lacking oxidase and fail to ferment glucose.(Kamali et al., 2020)A. Baumannii can cause wide range of infections comprising various body systems, of which respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and blood.(Nwadike, Ojide and Kalu, 2014)

Recent Progress in Antimicrobial Strategies for Resin-Based Restoratives.

Repairing tooth defects with dental resin composites is currently the most commonly used method due to their tooth-colored esthetics and photocuring properties. However, the higher than desirable failure rate and moderate service life are the biggest challenges the composites currently face. Secondary caries is one of the most common reasons leading to repair failure. Therefore, many attempts have been carried out on the development of a new generation of antimicrobial and therapeutic dental polymer composite materials to inhibit dental caries and prolong the lifespan of restorations. These new antimicrobial materials can inhibit the formation of biofilms, reduce acid production from bacteria and the occurrence of secondary caries. These results are encouraging and open the doors to future clinical studies on the therapeutic value of antimicrobial dental resin-based restoratives. However, antimicrobial resins still face challenges such as biocompatibility, drug resistance and uncontrolled release of antimicrobial agents. In the future, we should focus on the development of more efficient, durable and smart antimicrobial dental resins. This article focuses on the most recent 5 years of research, reviews the current antimicrobial strategies of composite resins, and introduces representative antimicrobial agents and their antimicrobial mechanisms.

EFFICACY OF SOME INDIGENOUS HERBS ON YUVANAPIDIKA W.S.R. TO ACNE VULGARIS: A REVIEW

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the teenagers. As it is chronic and affects face mainly, it always causes negative psychological impact on human life. In a study conducted in 2015 acne affected 650 million people globally making it the most common skin disease worldwide. In a study of “Global burden of disease” it is revealed that acne was the 8th common prevalent disease worldwide. In Ayurveda the features of Mukhadusika or Yuvanapidika can be correlated with Acne vulgaris. In modern medicine anti-biotics are mainly used for the treatment of acne. Due to increasing resistance of anti-microbial agents, side effects, and sometimes high cost of treatment, it is necessary to find herbal remedy for the cure of acne. In this article a review of efficacy of 5 potential herbal drugs for acne is done. These herbal drugs are Manjishta, Shalmali, Ghrit kumari, Daruharidra, and Yashtimadhu. Keywords: Yuvanapidika, Mukhadushika, Manjistha, Shalmali, Daruharidra, Ghritakumari, Yasthimadhu

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Isolates from Commercial Poultry Farms in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Nontherapeutic antimicrobial usage in animal farms has been associated with the development and spread of resistant bacteria. The emergence of serious life-threatening infections from veterinary and environmental sources and treatment failures occurring with the available antibiotics warrants investigation into resistance of antimicrobial agents in poultry farms. This study therefore provides information on antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from five commercial poultry farms in Ile Ife, a peri-urban settlement in Nigeria. Isolation of bacteria from droppings, feed and water samples, was performed by spread plate method using all purpose and selective media. Morphological and biochemical characterization of isolates was done. The antibiotics sensitivity of the recovered isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total 151 bacterial isolates, comprising 11 genera of 8 Gram negative and 3 Gram positive bacteria were recovered.<i> E. coli</i> had highest incidence rate of 21.19%, followed by <i>Bacillus </i>sp.<i> </i>with 15.23%; while the least recorded incidence of 1.32% was <i>Citrobacter </i>sp. All five farms recorded a 100% resistance to at least two (2) classes of antibiotics. A 100% resistance was recorded for augmentin in all five (5) farms, while 100% resistance in four (4) farms was recorded for cloxacilin. Furthermore a 100% resistance against erythromycin and cefixime respectively was documented in three farms. The least percentage resistance of 30% was against ciprofloxacin in only one farm, while the overall highest susceptibility of 39% was to ofloxacin. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of isolates from all farms ranged from 0.3 to 1. Up to 9 bacterial genera had MARI 1, including <i>E. coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, and<i> Pseudomonas</i>. This study is a further indication that poultry farms represents an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance bacteria. It also serves as a pointer to the need for enforcement of regulatory antibiotics use in poultry farming by the government, and controlled usage by all stakeholders.

The Biotechnological Potentials of Bacteria Isolated from Parsık Cave, Turkey

Since cave ecosystems have extraordinary environmental conditions, these ecosystems offer opportunities for microbiological studies. In this study, cultivable bacteria isolated from Parsık cave, Turkey, were investigated regarding enzyme profiles, antibiotic resistance and potential for production of antimicrobial agents. The metabolic properties of 321 bacterial isolates were determined. The most produced enzyme by the isolates was found to be tyrosine arylamidase. The enzymatic reactions of the bacteria showed that Parsık cave isolates have high aminopeptidase activity. The highest antibiotic resistance frequency of the isolates was 38.6% against ampicillin. While the isolates displayed variable inhibition rates against tested pathogenic microorganisms, they showed the highest inhibition against Candida albicans. The results show that the bacteria isolated from Parsık cave have potential for further studies related to biotechnological applications. The study findings contribute increased knowledge on metabolic peculiarities of bacteria isolated from cave ecosystems.