Resistance Exercise Group Research Articles

Effects of different types of exercise training on angiogenic responses in the left ventricular muscle of aged rats.

We evaluated angiogenic responses in the left ventricular muscle and aerobic capacity according to exercise type (aerobic, resistance, combined) in aged rats. In total, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats (100weeks old) were used. To investigate the effect of regular training, the rats were divided into non-exercise (NE), aerobic exercise (AE), resistance exercise (RE), and combined exercise (CE) groups (six rats per group). Regular training tailored to each exercise type was performed for 8weeks (five times a week, 1h per day). After 8weeks of training, aerobic capacity was evaluated by a treadmill running test. Left ventricular muscle tissue was collected and the protein levels of angiogenesis indicators (eNOS, HIF-1α, PGC-1α, VEGF, FLK-1, Ang-1, Ang-2) were analyzed by Western blotting. Capillaries were observed by immunohistochemical staining for CD31. Body weight, heart weight, and heart/body weight ratio showed no difference among the groups. The AE and CE groups showed higher treadmill running capacity than the NE and RE groups. The eNOS, VEGF, HIF-1α, PGC-1α, and Ang-2 protein levels were significantly higher in the AE than NE group. The PGC-1α and FLK-1 protein levels were significantly higher in the RE than NE group. In addition, in the CE group, the eNOS, FLK-1, and PGC-1α protein levels were significantly higher than in the NE group. Expression of CD31 in cardiac tissue was higher in the AE and CE groups than in the other groups. Taken together, the results suggest that regular exercise training, irrespective of exercise type, might improve cardiovascular function by inducing angiogenic responses in the aged myocardium; however, AE may be the most effective.

Effects of a 12-Week Diet versus Diet plus Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Program on Acylated and Desacylated Ghrelin, and Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase in Adolescent Girls with Obesity.

This study investigated the effects of a 12-week diet versus diet plus aerobic and resistance exercise programme on acylated ghrelin (AG), desacylated ghrelin (DAG), and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) concentrations in girls with obesity. We randomised 30 adolescents with obesity to a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise group (EG) or a control group (CG). At baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, we measured their body composition, lipid profile, glucose, AG, DAG, and GOAT concentrations. In the EG, the body fat percentage decreased by 2.37% and was significantly lower than that in the CG. The DAG concentrations significantly increased by 48.3% and 27.4% in the EG and CG, respectively. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, DAG concentrations were significantly higher in the EG than in the CG. AG concentrations were higher at week 12 than at baseline in both groups. In both groups, the GOAT concentrations increased at weeks 8 and 12; however, no between-group differences were observed in the changes in GOAT concentrations. This study showed increased DAG concentrations and non-significant changes in AG and GOAT concentrations after a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise programme in girls with obesity. These findings suggest that an aerobic and resistance exercise programme influences appetite-regulating hormones, mainly through changes in DAG concentrations.

Essential Amino Acid and Tea Catechin Supplementation after Resistance Exercise Improves Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: An Open-Label, Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: Tea catechins (TCCs) have gained significant attention owing to their health effects. However, evidence is limited regarding the benefit of TCC and essential amino acids (EAAs) ingestion plus that of TCC ingestion after resistance exercise (RE) among older individuals with sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate whether a 24-week nutritional program involving EAA and TCC supplementation after RE improved skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among older adults with sarcopenia. Methods: We conducted an open-label, pilot, randomized controlled trial among older adults with sarcopenia at the Harima Care Center or community in Hyogo, Japan. Participants were allocated to RE (n = 18), RE with EAA supplementation (RE + EAA, n = 18), or RE with EAA and TCC supplementation (RE + EAA + TCC, n = 18) groups. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. A 24-week resistance exercise program was carried out twice weekly, with an intake of 3,000 mg and 540 mg of EAA and TCC supplements, respectively. SMM was the primary outcome parameter. Results: The mean adherence rate to exercise and supplementation intake over the 24-week intervention period was 86.8% in the RE + EAA + TCC group, 86.4% in the RE + EAA group, and 85.4% in the RE group. A significant group-by-time interaction was identified for SMM (p = 0.010). The pre- to post-intervention increase in SMM was significantly higher in the RE + EAA + TCC group than in the RE group (p = 0.010). Conclusions: These results suggest that supplementation with EAA and TCC after RE, compared to RE only, improves SMM in older people with sarcopenia. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of TCC supplementation on SMM in older people with sarcopenia. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2022.2025546

Effect of Resistance Training and Spirulina platensis on Expression of IL-6, Gp130 Cytokines, JAK-STAT Signaling in Male Rats Skeletal Muscle

The effect of resistance training and a herbal supplement on muscular signaling pathways are limited. We investigated the expression of IL-6, Gp130, JAK and STAT after resistance training, and Spirulina platensis supplementation in animal muscle. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats (weight: 290 ± 20 g, and 9 weeks of age) were divided into four groups: control (CO; n = 8), Spirulina platensis supplementation (SP; n = 8), resistance exercise (RE; n = 8), and Spirulina platensis + resistance exercise (SP + RE; n = 8). The resistance exercise group trained five sessions each week for eight weeks. Spirulina 200 mg kg−1 d−1 was used in the SP and SP + RE groups. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR following the last training session. One-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post-hoc test were used for analysis of data (SPSS, version, 21). Data analysis revealed that the expression of IL-6 (P = 0.001), Gp130 (P = 0.001), JAK (P = 0.0001) and STAT (P = 0.004) increased significantly in the RE group. The expression of IL-6 (P = 0.018), JAK (P = 0.001) and STAT (P = 0.001) in SP + RE group also increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05). SP showed a significant increase in Gp130 (P = 0.001) and STAT (P = 0.001). Supplementation by Spirulina platensis may enhance muscle accretion during resistance training.

요추간판탈출증 재건술 후 저항운동이 여성 요통환자들의 요부근력 및 통증지수 변화에 미치는 영향

In this study targeted 12 resistance exercise participants and 15 home exercise participants of female patients, who got the herniated lumbar disc surgery. After 4-week different exercises, changes in lumbar extension strength and visual analog scale(VAS) were measured and the results are as follows. First, the resistance exercise group showed significant differences at all the 7 angles with a 44.99% increase in lumbar extension strength after exercise(p.01), and the home exercise group showed a 17.12% increase in muscular strength(p.05). Second, the resistance exercise group and the home exercise group reduced the pain by 36.76% and 19.04% respectively, which menas they both showed statistically significant differences(p.001). These results imply that resistance exercise and stabilization exercise for improving low back pain of female patients positively influenced the reduction in pain by increasing lumbar extension strength.

Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy through IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway in mice with myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure (HF) is commonly accompanied with profound effects on skeletal muscle. With the process of MI-induced HF, perturbations in skeletal muscle contribute to muscle atrophy. Exercise is viewed as a feasible strategy to prevent muscle atrophy. The aims of this study were to investigate whether exercise could alleviate MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway in mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were used to establish the MI model and were divided into three groups: sedentary MI group (MI), MI with aerobic exercise group, and MI with resistance exercise group; sham-operated group was used as control. Exercise-trained animals were subjected to 4 wk of aerobic exercise (AE) or resistance exercise (RE). Cardiac function, muscle weight, myofiber size, levels of IGF-1 signaling and proteins related to myogenesis, protein synthesis, and degradation and apoptosis in gastrocnemius muscle were detected. H2O2-treated C2C12 cells were intervened with recombinant human IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor NVP-AEW541, and PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to explore the mechanism. Exercises upregulated the IGF-1/IGF-1R-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling; increased the expressions of Pax7, myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), and protein synthesis; and reduced protein degradation and cell apoptosis in MI mice. In vitro, IGF-1 upregulated the levels of Pax7, MRFs, mTOR, and P70S6K; reduced MuRF1 and MAFbx; and inhibited cell apoptosis via IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt pathway. AE and RE, safely and effectively, alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the levels of myogenesis, protein degradation, and cell apoptosis in mice with MI via activating IGF-1/IGF-1R-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Effects of exercise on AKT/PGC1-α/FOXO3a pathway and muscle atrophy in cisplatin-administered rat skeletal muscle.

Cisplatin has been reported to cause side effects such as muscle wasting in humans and rodents. The physiological mechanisms involved in preventing muscle wasting, such as the regulation of AKT, PGC1-α, and autophagy-related factor FOXO3a by MuRF 1 and Atrogin-1, remain unclear following different types of exercise and in various skeletal muscle types. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 34) were assigned to one of four groups: control (CON, n = 6), cisplatin injection (1 mg/kg) without exercise (CC, n = 8), cisplatin (1 mg/kg) + resistance exercise (CRE, n = 9) group, and cisplatin (1 mg/kg) + aerobic exercise (CAE, n = 11). The CRE group performed progressive ladder exercise (starting with 10% of body weight on a 1-m ladder with 2-cm-interval grids, at 85°) for 8 weeks. The CAE group exercised by treadmill running (20 m/min for 60 min daily, 4 times/week) for 8 weeks. Compared with the CC group, the levels of the autophagy-related factors BNIP3, Beclin 1, LC3-II/I ratio, p62, and FOXO3a in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were significantly decreased in the CRE and CAE groups. The CRE and CAE groups further showed significantly decreased MuRF 1 and Atrogin-1 levels and increased phosphorylation of AKT, FOXO3a, and PGC1-α. These results suggest that both ladder and aerobic exercise directly affected muscle wasting by modulating the AKT/PGC1-α/FOXO3a signaling pathways regardless of the skeletal muscle type.

Effect of exercise mode on physical function and quality of life in breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized trial.

This study aimed to compare the effects of virtual reality (VR) training and resistance exercises training on lymphedema symptom severity as well as physical functioning and QoL in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). In a single blinded randomized trial, women diagnosed with unilateral BCRL were randomly divided into two groups: the Xbox Kinect group received VR Kinect-based games (n = 30) and resistance exercise group received resistance training (n = 30). In addition, both groups received complex decongestive physiotherapy (manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandages, skin care, and exercises). The intervention was conducted five sessions per week for 8weeks. The outcome measures included excessive limb volume, visual analogue scale (VAS), the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, shoulder range of motion (ROM), shoulder muscles strength, hand grip strength, and Study Short-Form (SF-36). The outcomes were evaluated pre and post intervention (week 8). Statistical significant differences were recorded in VAS (pain intensity), DASH, shoulder ROM (p < 0.001), bodily pain (p = 0.002), general health (p < 0.001), and vitality (p = 0.006) in favor of the Xbox Kinect group. However, there were statistically significant differences in shoulder flexion strength (p = 0.002), external rotation strength (p = 0.004), and abduction strength and handgrip strength (p < 0.001) in favor of the resistance exercise group. The VR training was superior to resistance exercises training in BCRL management. The empirical findings support the VR as a new effective and encouraging intervention modality which can assist in improving physical functioning and quality of life in women with BCRL. This study is retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04724356).

Effect of Different Exercise Types on the Cross-Sectional Area and Lumbar Lordosis Angle in Patients with Flat Back Syndrome.

Flat back syndrome (FBS) is a sagittal imbalance wherein the normal spinal curvature is reduced. This study aimed to compare the effects of different exercise programs on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the lumbar muscles, lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), lumbar disability, and flexibility in patients with FBS. Thirty-six females with flexible FBS were randomly allocated to the corrective exercise group (CEG, n = 12), resistance exercise group (REG, n = 12), and physical therapy group (PTG, n = 12). CEG and REG patients participated in a 12-week exercise intervention for 60 min three times per week. The CSA, LLA, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and sit-and-reach test were measured before and after intervention. CSA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.01), with CEG and REG demonstrating a significant increase (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). LLA showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001); CEG showed a higher increase than did REG (p < 0.01) and PTG (p < 0.001). ODI also showed a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001), being lower in CEG than in REG (p < 0.001) and PTG (p < 0.001). Lumbar flexibility significantly improved in all groups, albeit with a significant difference (p < 0.001). Although corrective and resistance exercise programs effectively improve these parameters, corrective exercise is superior to other interventions for patients with FBS.

Dosage of resistance exercises in fibromyalgia: evidence synthesis for a systematic literature review up-date and meta-analysis.

Several studies have examined the effect of different types of exercise on people with fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to identify which dosage of resistance training is effective to reduce pain in women with fibromyalgia. Two authors independently selected studies included in a Cochrane Systematic Review and from an updated search up to May 2021 using the following databases: Embase, Central, Lilacs, PEDro, Current Controlled Trials, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Scopus and ISI Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with female patients (18years of age or older) diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and the intervention, resistance exercises for pain reduction. The pain outcome value was extracted from studies for meta-analysis. Nine RCTs were included. Compared to the control groups, resistance exercise groups demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant effect on pain reduction when each exercise was performed in 1-2 sets or 3-5 sets of 4-12 or 5-20 repetitions twice a week, for 8-12weeks, at intensities of 40-80% with one repetition maximum or perceived exertion. Resistance training exercises are effective to reduce pain in women with fibromyalgia when performed at moderate-to-high intensity in 1-2 sets of 4-20 repetitions twice a week, for 8-12weeks. The protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) platform, CRD42018095205.

Effect of different exercise trainings on β-cell function, insulin resistance, and osteocalcin levels in overweight men

Background and aims: Many findings have shown the potential relation between osteocalcin (OCN) and regulating energy metabolism. In addition, it has been revealed that physical activity increases OCN levels. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise trainings on β-cell function, insulin resistance, and OCN levels in overweight men. Methods: In this study, 33 overweight, young men [Body mass index (BMI): 29.32±0.75 and age range of 31.50±2.23] were randomly divided into control (n=11), aerobic exercise (n=11), and resistance exercise (n=11) groups. Participants of the exercise group were on the 8-week supervised exercise training program for three sessions per week. Weight, body fat percentage, and BMI were analyzed, and then OCN, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed from fasting blood samples before and after the 8-week exercise program. Finally, data were analyzed by t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Based on the results, BMI and body weight, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR reduced following the exercise (P&lt;0.05) whereas serum OCN significantly increased in aerobic exercise (P=0.001) and resistance exercise (P=0.000) groups. There were no significant changes in β-cell function in aerobic exercise (P=0.512) and resistance exercise (P=0.16) groups. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that OCN levels were not correlated with HOMA-IR (P=0.743) and insulin levels (P=0.143). However, OCN was positively associated with the homeostasis model assessment of b-cell function (P=0.014) and glucose (P=0.025). Conclusion: The results of the present study confirmed that aerobic and resistance exercises cause some changes in body weight and BMI, as well as the OCN and HOMA-IR. Nonetheless, changes in OCN levels were not predictors of changes in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.

Resistance exercise relieves symptoms of vestibular migraine patients with MRI diagnosis: A randomized parallel-controlled single-blind clinical trial

To investigate the efficacy of resistance exercise on symptoms of vestibular migraine (VM) among migraine patients, a total of 385 VM patients were recruited, among whom 312 were eligible to participate in the current study. Patients were randomly allocated into either resistance exercise or relaxation control groups, and received respective interventions two times per week for 12 weeks. Patients were followed up at two and four months, respectively, to evaluate treatment effects. Primary outcomes included Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), the number of vertiginous attacks in the previous week and Vertigo Severity Scale (VSS). Secondary endpoints included depression and anxiety symptoms, which were measured using the scores of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were also assessed. Resistance exercise was slightly more pronounced in alleviating VM symptoms than relaxation control at two-month follow-up. While at four-month follow-up, the extents of the symptom attenuation were obviously better in the resistance exercise group than the relaxation control, in terms of VSS and DHI scores, as well as BDI and BAI scores. Serum levels of both TNF-α and IFN-γ were also significantly lower in patients in the resistance group than those in the relaxation control group. Our study favors an exercise-oriented treatment scheme in rehabilitating therapy for patients suffering from VM, and sheds light on the molecular mechanism potentially involving TNF-α and IFN-γ related inflammation pathways.

Resistive Exercise versus Acupressure on Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes has become a major global public health concern characterized by dysregulation of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, and results from impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance or a combination of both Abstract: Acupressure lowers the blood glucose level through a massage at the point of the meridian, which can trigger the calming and uplifting response in the body, Resistive exercise is often recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes to improve physical conditioning and glycemic control. Aim of Study: The current study was conducted to compare between: Effect of resistive exercise and Acupressure on blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients (34 male 26 female) with type 2 diabetes participated in this study their age ranging from 35 to 60 years. They were selected from outpatient clinic in Internal Medicine, Luxor General Hospital. Group A: Received acupressure therapy (AT on point (Sp-6) which found atone palm width above the tip of inner ankle bone on the back of the shinbone, 3 minutes and repeated 3 times per session on both legs for three times per week for 12 weeks, in addition to hypoglycemic drugs. Group B: Received resistive exercise using dumbbell and sandbag, intensity of exercise for each muscle group determined after assessment of ten repetition maximum (10RM) 40% to 60% of 1RM (1 set 10 repetitions) used for 30 minute 3 time per week for 12 week beside their medication. 10RM reevaluated every 2 week and after 2 week load increase to 2 set 10 repetitions. Method of evaluation was measurement of random blood glucose level measured before starting and after each session glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) fasting blood glucose level, 2 hour post prandial and glucose level and insulin level measured before starting and after end of program. Results: There was a significant decrease in randomized blood glucose, fasting blood glucose and increase in insulin level with no significant differences in HA 1 C and 2 hour post prandial in acupressure group when compared with resistive exercise group. Conclusion: Acupressure is more effective than resistive exercise as a complementary alternative medicine & can be helpful in reducing blood glucose level and increasing insulin levels in type 2 diabetic patients.

The Effect of Resistance Exercise on Myocardial Inflammatory Cytokines and ERK1/2 Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance ladder exercise on myocardial inflammatory cytokines and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 expression in type 2 diabetic rats.METHODS: A total of 21 8-week-old male Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were divided into three groups: LETO group (CON, n=7), OLETF group (DM, n=7), and resistance exercise group (DM+EXE, n=7). Resistance exercise referred to a climbing exercise on a slope. The rats performed this exercise 3 full d per week, for 8 week. The expression of myocardial inflammatory cytokines and ERK1/2 was analyzed via western blotting after 8 week of exercise intervention.RESULTS: After 8 weeks of resistance exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes, the production of anti-inflammatory factor Interleukin (IL)-10 in the myocardium increased. This inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. However, resistance exercise did not affect the expression of ERK1 and ERK2, which are apoptosis regulatory proteins.CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetes, resistance exercise is thought to be effective in reducing inflammatory factors by mediating cytokines. Although the effects of resistance ladder exercise were confirmed, further studies on a variety of exercise types and intensities should be conducted to prevent and improve the conditions of those with diabetes.

The effects of various strength training intensities on blood cardiovascular risk markers in healthy men

Abstract Objectives Regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health. The aim of this research is to look at the impact of two separate resistance training programs on blood biomarkers that are associated with the early detection of cardiac risk. Methods Forty-five male participants (mean 41 years) were randomly divided into three groups: The low-intensity resistance exercise group (LIEG), the moderate-intensity resistance exercise group (MIEG), and the control group (CG). The programs were implemented three times a week and in two sets. MIEG consisted of 8–10 repeats at 70–80% density of one repetition maximum load (1RM), while LIEG consisted of 15–17 repeats at 50–60% density of 1RM. CG did not participate in any exercise program. Two-factor mixed-design ANOVA assessed the data. Results Before, fourth week, and after the exercise program in repeated measurements, there was a significant decrease in body mass (−1.7%), body mass index (−1.7%), apelin (−44%), and pentraxin 3 (−39%) levels in MIEG (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, our study noted a decrease in pentraxin 3 (−25%, p &lt; 0.05) and interleukin 6 (−21%) levels, while there was an increase in creatine kinase (18%), and lactate dehydrogenase (7.4%) levels in LIEG. Strength levels improved significantly in exercise groups. Conclusions Eight weeks of moderate-resistance training can potentially reduce the cardiovascular risk in healthy men.

The role of different exercises in irisin, heat shock protein 70 and some biochemical parameters.

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to determine the effects of different and regularly applied exercise programs on irisin, heat shock protein 70 and some biochemical parameters.Methods120 male university students participated in the study. Participants were divided into 4 equal groups as control (C), resistance exercise group (RE), high intensity interval (HIIT) and aerobic exercise group (AE). While the control group did not perform any exercise, the pre-determined exercise programs were applied to the other groups for 8 weeks and 3 days in a week. Blood samples were taken from all participants before and after the exercise program. Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Irisin and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were analyzed in blood samples.ResultsIt is determined that there are significant differences in pre-posttest values of the AE group's LDH, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG and HSP 70 levels, HIIT group's CK, LDH, Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TG, Irisin and HSP70 levels and RE group's CK, LDH, Cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG and Irisin levels (p<0.05).ConclusionsIt can be said that exercise can provide improvements in lipid profile, changes in HSP70 levels may vary depending on muscle damage, the increase of irisin due to exercise.

Exercise Intervention For Prevention Of Sarcopenia In The Elderly

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preventive effects of different exercise interventions on sarcopenia in elderly women by take exercise intervention on Chinese female elderly population. METHODS: Subjects: 260 sarcopenia female subjects were from China (61.2 ± 10.1 yrs) and 48 of them were lost to follow-up. They were randomly divided into Aerobic Exercise(AE) intervention group (n = 75), Resistance Exercise(RE) intervention group (n = 68) and Control group (n = 69). All signed informed consent.Intervention methods: 3 times a week, 60 minutes/per, 12 weeks. AE: Walking, jogging, swimming, tai chi and aerobics. RE: With the help of a chair,elastic belt,dumbbell for large muscle groups and multi-joint training, respectively by 40%, 50%, 60% 1RM exercise for 4 weeks. Test indicators: Height, Weight, Muscle Mass, Grip Strength (GS), Chair Sit to Stand (STS), Timed Up and Go (TUG). They were tested before intervention and 12 weeks after training. ANOVA by using SPSS20.0. RESULTS: 1. RE can significantly increase muscle mass. The muscle mass increased by 2.8% in the RE group significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The body fat rate of AE group decreased by 2.3%, which was significantly higher than other two groups (P < 0.05). 2. RE can significantly increase muscle strength. The GS in the RE group increased by 13.1%, higher than that AE group (increased by 8.4%) and control group (increased by 3.6%) (P < 0.05). RE and AE can significantly improve physical activity function. Compared with the control group, the STS in the AE group and RE group were significantly improved (-18.1% and -15.6%), and the TUG were significantly reduced (1.7% and 11.0%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise intervention has a positive prevention and treatment effect on sarcopenia in elderly women. Resistance exercise can improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical activity function, aerobic exercise can improve the physical activity function of elderly women. Research supported by National Health Commission “Preventive intervention for disability caused by sarcopenia in the elderly” (No. 2019120876)

Comparative Effects Of Two Exercise Modalities On Mots-c Levels In Rats

The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is an important cyto-protector in helping maintain mitochondrial function and cellular viability, and regulating metabolic homeostasis. It is important to understand the effects of different exercise modalities on MOTS-c levels in various physiological systems in order to identify its role as a signal of physical exercise. PURPOSE: To explore the comparative effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on levels of MOTS-c in the serum, skeletal muscle and heart. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (C, n = 10), an aerobic exercise group (A, n = 10) and a resistance exercise group (R, n = 10). Rats in the A group ran on a treadmill at 21 m/min for 60 min per day, 5 days per week, while rats in the R group climbed a ladder with incremental loads (50%, 75%, 90% and 100% 1RM respectively, 3 times/level, 5 days per week). The training period lasted for 4 weeks. Resting MOTS-c levels in the serum, skeletal muscle, and myocardium were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and group differences in MOTS-c levels were determined by using one-way ANOVAs with post-hoc tests. RESULTS: Serum MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in A and R rats compared to C rats (both p < 0.01). No difference in serum MOTS-c levels was found between A and R rats. A significant effect of interaction between fiber type and exercise modality was found on skeletal muscle MOTS-c levels. MOTS-c levels in soleus were significantly higher in A rats compared to C and R rats (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while MOTS-c levels in gastrocnemius were significantly higher in R rats compared to C and A rats (both p < 0.05). Myocardial MOTS-c levels were significantly higher in A rats compared to C rats (p < 0.01), while no difference was found between R and C rats. CONCLUSION: Both exercise modalities increased MOTS-c levels in the serum, and induced MOTS-c uptake into the skeletal muscle. Aerobic exercise may be more effective in facilitating MOTS-c uptake into slow twitch muscle fibers and myocardium. Further research is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms. (This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China: Grant Number 31971104)

편평배부 증후군 환자에 대한 교정운동 프로그램이 척추 구조, 목 장애지수 및 균형 능력에 미치는 영향

Purpose: This study aims to compare and analyze the effect of a 12-weke corrective exercise program on the structural variables of spinal curvature, neck disability index and balance ability in patients with flat back.<BR> Method: In this study, 24 patients with flat back participated, and they were randomly divided into three group; corrective exercise group (CEG: n=8), resistance exercise group (REG; n=8), and physical therapy group (PTG: n=8). The CEG and REG performed corrective exercise3 times per week and 70 minutes at a time for 12 weeks and REG conducted the exercise with thera-band. The variables of spinal curves included cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were measured by X-ray test. The function of the neck was checked using a questionnaire with a neck disability index. The balance ability was measured by a balance machine and the test was conducted before and after exercise intervention for 12 weeks.<BR> Results: The results of this study are as follows. The cervical lordosis angle showed significant differences in both group and period, interactions p(<.001). Significant differences were found in CEG p(<.001), at each group period, (p<.05) in the groups (p<.001), as a result of paired t-test, REG and PTG, and in CEG and PTG (p<.001) post-testing. Thoracic kyphosis angle showed significant differences in both group and period, interactions (p<.001). Significant differences were found in CEG (p<.001), at each group period (p<.01) in the groups (p<.05), as a result of paired t-test, REG and PTG, and in CEG and PTG (p<.001) post-testing. The lumbar lordosis angle showed significant differences in both group and period, interactions (p<.001). Significant differences were found in PTG (p<.001) and CEG (p<.001) levels in each group, and (p<.001) levels between groups. As a result of paired t-test, REG and PTG, and in CEG and PTG (p<.001) post-testing. The neck disability index showed significant differences in both group and period, interactions(p<.001). At the time of each group, there were significant differences in PTG (p<.05), REG (p<.01), and CEG (p<.001) levels. Between groups (p<.001), there was a significant difference between CEG and PTG as a result of post-mortem examination (p<.05). The balance ability was found to be significant in the interaction between group and timing, timing (p<.001), and group main effect (p<.05). In each group period, significant differences were found in REG (p<.01), among groups (p<.001), compared with REG and PTG, and compared with CEG and REG (p<.01).<BR> Conclusion: The corrective exercise program is a more effective exercise intervention than resistance or physical therapy on the spinal curvature and the improvement of spinal curvature was associated with improving neck function and the ability of body balance although resistance exercise showed improvement of these variables. Therefore, corrective exercise is recommended as the most effective intervention to improve spinal curve, neck function, and the ability of body balance in patients with flat back.

Effects of Diet Control and Telemedicine-Based Resistance Exercise Intervention on Patients with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Control Trial.

This study investigated the effects of home-based nutritional and telemedicine-based resistance exercise interventions on improving body composition, blood biochemistry, and lower-limb functional performance. In total, 66 obese patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into a diet control group (D), elastic band resistance exercise group (E), and diet control plus elastic band exercise group (D + E). Each group was supervised by a clinical dietitian and follow-up was conducted via telephone calls or a communication application to track the participants’ progress. After 12 weeks of intervention, the D (p < 0.001) and D + E (p < 0.001) groups achieved significant weight loss. The D + E group exhibited a significant reduction in body fat relative to the D (p = 0.019) and E (p = 0.012) groups. Compared with the D (p = 0.002) and E (p = 0.019) groups, the D + E group achieved significant improvements in the timed up-and-go test and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis total scale. The D + E group experienced significant improvements in total cholesterol (p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.007) relative to other groups. In conclusion, individual diet control intervention combined with telemedicine-based resistance exercise intervention significantly improved the body composition, blood biochemistry, and lower-limb functional performance of the investigated population with comorbid conditions.