Abstract
Abstract Objectives Regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health. The aim of this research is to look at the impact of two separate resistance training programs on blood biomarkers that are associated with the early detection of cardiac risk. Methods Forty-five male participants (mean 41 years) were randomly divided into three groups: The low-intensity resistance exercise group (LIEG), the moderate-intensity resistance exercise group (MIEG), and the control group (CG). The programs were implemented three times a week and in two sets. MIEG consisted of 8–10 repeats at 70–80% density of one repetition maximum load (1RM), while LIEG consisted of 15–17 repeats at 50–60% density of 1RM. CG did not participate in any exercise program. Two-factor mixed-design ANOVA assessed the data. Results Before, fourth week, and after the exercise program in repeated measurements, there was a significant decrease in body mass (−1.7%), body mass index (−1.7%), apelin (−44%), and pentraxin 3 (−39%) levels in MIEG (p < 0.05). Additionally, our study noted a decrease in pentraxin 3 (−25%, p < 0.05) and interleukin 6 (−21%) levels, while there was an increase in creatine kinase (18%), and lactate dehydrogenase (7.4%) levels in LIEG. Strength levels improved significantly in exercise groups. Conclusions Eight weeks of moderate-resistance training can potentially reduce the cardiovascular risk in healthy men.
Highlights
A sedentary lifestyle is one of the main risk factors that cause cardiovascular diseases
No significant Group × Time interaction effect was found for mass [F(3.41, 72.1) = 2.591, p=0.052, η2p = 0.110], Interleukin 6 (IL6) [F(3.45, 72.4) = 0.885, p=0.465, η2p = 0.040], creatine kinase (CK) [F(4, 84) = 0.213, p=0.931, η2p = 0.010], lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [F(3.51, 73.8) = 0.748, p=0.546, η2p = 0.034] levels, indicating that changes in these variables over the course of the study showed similar patterns in the exercise and control groups
It was shown significant differences regarding the time for BMI [F(3.42, 71.8) = 3.002, p=0.030, η2p = 0.125], apelin [F(3.41, 71.5) = 44.564, p=0.000, η2p = 0.680] and Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) [F(3.29, 69.1) = 3.961, p=0.009, η2p = 0.159] levels
Summary
A sedentary lifestyle is one of the main risk factors that cause cardiovascular diseases. Resistance exercise positively affects muscle mass and strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and balance and helps prevent symptoms of many chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension [2, 3]. Due to these features, resistance exercises are popular among athletes and regular individuals who participate in physical activities for health protection. Resistance exercises are popular among athletes and regular individuals who participate in physical activities for health protection Resistance exercise adaptations, both acute and chronic, are dependent on the combination of critical components [4, 5]. Long-term adaptations of both training programs result similar to aerobic exercises through increased capillary intensity and oxygen utilization capacity [6]
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