Resilience Strategies Research Articles

Leveraging context-adjusted nighttime light data for socioeconomic explanations of global urban resilience

Urban resilience, crucial for achieving sustainable development goals, entails the adaptation and recovery of urban systems from external shocks, such as the recent global pandemic. To investigate the response of urban systems to COVID-19, this study employs context-adjusted nighttime light data to model global urban resilience by combining an evolving urban resilience metric (EURm) with the shape similarity of resilience curves. Random effect analysis and counterfactual explanations are then implemented to explore the socioeconomic impacts on urban resilience during the pandemic, providing strategic insights for improvement. Our results delineate five diverse urban resilience patterns, each characterized by distinct phases of downturn, minimum, and recovery, with examples from Malaysia, Japan, the United States, China, and South Sudan. We also find notable correlations between socioeconomic factors and urban resilience, highlighting that stringent measures may reduce resilience, whereas proactive health and containment strategies could bolster resilience. Meanwhile, economic stress reflected by inflation adversely affects resilience. Furthermore, we delve into strategic socioeconomic modifications to enhance urban resilience using counterfactual explanations, underlining the importance of customized interpretation for varying countries. Overall, this study advances our understanding of urban resilience during global crises, guiding context-specific resilience strategies in urban planning and policy-making.

Resilience quantification and recovery strategy simulation for urban underground logistics systems under node and link attacks: A case study of Nanjing city

Urban Underground Logistics Systems (UULS) have become an emerging solution to mitigate urban surface traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and surface transport safety risks. However, during the operation of UULS, the use of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) introduces cybersecurity risks to the system. Moreover, severe natural disasters can also cause damage to underground transportation network links. Existing research and planning primarily concentrate on the system design and benefits of UULS, neglecting the system's service level under attack scenarios. This study outlines three representative UULS network prototypes and proposes a resilience quantification method centered on logistics efficiency. It also focuses on comparing the effectiveness of three recovery strategies. These strategies give priority to maximum flow, betweenness centrality, and regional importance, as well as the priority of node and link repairs. The resilience quantification method and recovery strategies are applied in a case study set in Nanjing City. The case study results reveal that the Two-echelon network shows exceptional resilience. Regarding the effectiveness of recovery strategies, the strategy based on maximum flow proves to be the most effective, and focusing on node repair can lead to higher system resilience. Based on these findings, this study offers recommendations to transportation and logistics management decision-makers, focusing on UULS resilience and recovery strategy selection. These recommendations are intended to provide valuable guidance for the planning and design of future UULS, ensuring their resilience and reliability.

Resilience and Adaptation Strategies for the Franschhoek Rond and Bont Community-based Tourism Route during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Drawing on the resilience theory, this qualitative study analyses adaptation strategies for the Franschhoek Rond and Bont community-based tourism (CBT) route in South Africa using facetoface interviews with thirteen route stakeholders in the Franschhoek Valley. The empirical findings highlight the severity of the effects of the pandemic-induced regulations on businesses along the route. Insights from the study could facilitate recovery efforts by the route’s stakeholders, but underlying prepandemic challenges exacerbated the adverse effects of the pandemic, which hindered the successful implementation of proposed recovery strategies. The study reveals post-pandemic resilience and adaptation strategies for the future-proof sustainability of the CBT sector and provides fresh insights into proposed innovative planning and strategy implications for stakeholders.

Identifying the barriers to green infrastructure implementation in semi-arid urban areas using the DPSIR framework: A case study of Amman, Jordan

Research has highlighted the role of green infrastructure (GI) in addressing climate change impacts and other societal and environmental challenges in semi-arid urban areas. Regardless of this potential, GI implementation and research in arid climate zones is limited. Accordingly, using Amman, Jordan as a case study, this research aims to investigate the barriers that impede and prevent GI implementation in semi-arid urban areas. The GI barriers are conceptualized using the Driving–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework which was applied on data collected from semi-structured interviews with GI stakeholders in the city. The findings highlighted 17 general implementation barriers grouped into 6 categories. The DPSIR framework specifically highlighted the role of natural and human drivers (e.g. rapid urbanization, institutional capacities, and lacking financial resources) in creating significant barriers to GI implementation. It also illustrated the focus on open spaces and green cover in GI planning in Amman, lacking performance data on GI best practices in semi-arid contexts, and the need of integrated pathways to overcome the identified barriers. The DPSIR framework presents an easy-to-communicate picture of the state of GI implementation in the city that can be utilized by decision-makers, particularly those lacking access to diverse resources. The outcomes of this study enhances our understanding of GI planning in semi-arid urban areas and are beneficial for policymakers and practitioners looking for pathways to promote resilient urban development strategies. Overall, the study calls for further GI research on semi-arid developing contexts.

The Nexus of Climate Change, Food Insecurity, and Conflict in Somalia: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multifaceted Challenges and Resilience Strategies

Climate change poses a significant threat to Somalia’s food security and stability. This review examines the complex interplay between climate change impacts, food insecurity, and conflict in Somalia. Recent climate data and forecasts paint a concerning picture: the rainfall probabilistic forecast for April- June 2024 indicates a high likelihood of above-normal rainfall across much of Somalia, thus increasing the flood risks. Concurrently, temperature forecasts project above-normal temperatures, potentially exacerbating drought conditions between the rainy seasons. Historical climatology data reveal Somalia’s vulnerability, with average temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C and significant seasonal variations affecting agriculture and water resources. These climate trends, combined with ongoing political instability and weak governance, have created a storm of challenges. This perspective explores how recurrent droughts and floods disrupt agricultural production, decimate livestock, and displace vulnerable populations, particularly those affecting rural and nomadic communities. It also examines how environmental stress exacerbates poverty and conflict, thereby creating a vicious cycle of vulnerability. This analysis draws on recent data on poverty rates, food expenditure patterns, and climate-related displacement, to illustrate the multifaceted nature of the crisis. Finally, this perspective proposed recommendations for building climate resilience, enhancing food security, and promoting sustainable development in Somalia, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches that combine immediate humanitarian assistance with long-term adaptation strategies.

Parent-adolescent family resilience and psychological adjustment in chronically ill adolescents: An actor-partner interdependence mediation model.

This study explored the relationships between family resilience, dyadic coping and psychological adjustment among adolescents with chronic illnesses and their parents. The actor-partner interdependence mediation model was used to validate the mediating role of dyadic coping in the relationship between family resilience and psychological adjustment. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 318 parent-adolescents dyads were recruited from three paediatric hospitals in Wenzhou, Hangzhou, Shanghai city, China, between June 2022 and August 2023. The parents had a mean age of 41.62 years, and the adolescents had a mean age of 12.66 years. Participants independently completed a self-report questionnaire assessed family resilience, dyadic coping and psychological adjustment. Data analysis was conducted using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model. The findings suggest that in the actor effects, family resilience directly influenced psychological adjustment, and family resilience is related to psychological adjustment through positive dyadic coping. In the partner effect, parents' family resilience influenced adolescents' psychological adjustment through the parents' positive dyadic coping. Similarly, adolescents' family resilience influenced parents' psychological adjustment through both parents' positive dyadic coping and adolescents' negative dyadic coping. Additionally, there was a partner effect between parents' family resilience and adolescents' psychological adjustment. This study demonstrated the importance of developing effective dyadic interventions based on family resilience or positive dyadic coping strategies to improve the mental health of adolescents with chronic illnesses and their parents. The mediating role of dyadic coping in the relationship between family resilience and psychological adjustment among adolescents with chronic illnesses and their parents was demonstrated. Future psychosocial interventions should focus on increasing parents' positive dyadic coping strategies and improving adolescents' negative dyadic coping strategies. No patient or public contribution.

Resilience in agri-food supply chains: a framework for risk assessment and strategy development

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical importance of resilience in the agri-food supply chain (AFSC) to ensure a reliable, uninterrupted, and disruption-free food supply for the ever-increasing global population. This study aims to comprehensively rank the multitude of risks faced by the AFSC, which have predominantly been examined in isolation. It develops a strategic framework for mitigating these risks by implementing appropriate resilient strategies. The study employs novel hybrid multi-criteria decision-making techniques, including the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP), fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS), and fuzzy quality function deployment (F-QFD), to prioritise risks, assign weights, and rank various resilient strategies. The study contributes to the existing literature by proposing a systematic and robust strategic framework to facilitate decision-making processes in AFSC resilience management. It advances theoretical understanding and provides practical insights and recommendations for enhancing resilience in AFSC management.

Optimal control for linear cyber physical systems under replay attacks via time delay estimation approach

We mainly study the optimal control problem for linear cyber physical systems under replay attacks in this paper. The methodological research mainly relies on the following two starting points: (1) Promptly detect and estimate the malicious replay attack behaviours hampering normal system procedures; (2) Design a resilient optimal control strategy to ensure the system regularly works as much as possible. Specifically, the linear cyber physical system becomes a time delay system after the replay attack, and then an algorithm is designed to transform the system into a delay-free system and ensure its stability. Finally, a numerical simulation is employed to demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of the proposed approach.

Food insecurity versus public health? Social resilience.

The health problems of low-income communities and their relationship to food insecurity are a widespread problem worldwide. Understanding the complex relationship between these two conditions of food insecurity and health outcomes is the focus of this study. In addressing these issues, managing food security and adopting comprehensive strategies that consider the broader public health of the poor and socially vulnerable requires a multi-pronged approach that integrates sustainable food systems, social protection interventions, community engagement, and nutrition-specific interventions. This study is useful for improving our understanding of the relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes, which ultimately contributes to better health and social resilience strategies.

“To Antipolis, my sisters!”: ETSI as a forum of contestation, collaboration and orchestration

Over the years, ETSI, the prime European standard-setter for ICT standards, has experienced significant critique about its legitimacy, including more recently by the European Commission in the 2022 Standardization Strategy, which focused on the alleged deficiencies of its global participation model. Despite potential missteps in certain instances, ETSI has overall addressed such critique with remarkable success. In this article, we argue that this occurred thanks to various strategies that ETSI used to sustain its organizational resilience over the years. In regard to its interaction with its de facto controller, the European Commission, we argue that ETSI had recourse to three key resilience strategies: one where ETSI took a hard stance resisting to the Commission's desires (contestation), one where ETSI intentionally succumbed to the Commission's desires or preferences (orchestration), and one where ETSI opted for a reconciliatory approach to achieve commonly set objectives serving the mutual interest (collaboration). Interestingly, such strategies were not only resilience-enhancing, but also legitimacy-conducive. This article contributes to two different strings of academic literature relating to organizational resilience, on the one hand, and institutional legitimacy, on the other, by combining them in a manner that, to the best of our knowledge, had not been done before in the relevant literature. In the discussion section, we draw observations that are pertinent to discussions and developments since the 2022 European Union’s Standardization Strategy.

Corporate taxation in Spain: analyzing efficiency and revenue potential

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of Spain’s corporate tax system through the lens of the Laffer curve and Buoyancy index, assessing its efficiency in generating revenue. The study finds that Spain is nearing the Laffer curve’s optimal tax rate, beyond which tax revenue may decrease with rate hikes. The Buoyancy index reveals a fluctuating response of tax revenues to economic shifts, indicating vulnerability in economic downturns. We trace Spain’s corporate tax evolution, examining current structures and recent policy reforms, and explore how corporate taxation influences economic activities and investment. The paper proposes policy recommendations, including reassessing the corporate tax rate, advocating structural reforms for a wider tax base, and policies promoting economic growth. Emphasis is placed on counter-cyclical fiscal policies, regular evaluation of tax incentives, improving tax compliance, and Spain’s role in global tax coordination. This research contributes to fiscal policy discussions, advocating a balanced tax approach for sustainable economic development and guiding policymakers toward resilient fiscal strategies in a dynamic economic environment.

Resilience in Action through Culture: Latinas Successfully Navigating STEM Spaces at an HSI

Though research on the perspectives and assets of communities of color in higher education has grown, understanding how underrepresented groups in STEM use those assets to navigate and succeed in STEM fields is still in progress. In this study, Latina students majoring in STEM fields in a Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) were interviewed about their college experience and persistence. A Latine resilience model and an HSI servingness framework guided the analysis. Qualitative methodology via case study served to understand this research. Evidence gathered in this study demonstrates how social climate experiences and cultural background influence resilience and success strategies among diverse Latina STEM majors in an HSI. The STEM social climate or culture seemingly clashed with participants’ cultural backgrounds. Perhaps most pertinent to their cultural background and resilience as Latinas were the specific success strategies or assets that participants utilized to navigate the STEM experience. Participants gravitated to diverse spaces, desired more women and ethnic representation in their STEM departments, and practiced prosocial or communal motivations. Understanding STEM culture in conjunction with the assets and strategies that Latinas utilize as ethnic women is important for HSIs as they consider how they truly serve their constituents.

Roles of Loneliness, Stress, and Religiosity in Suicide Ideation Among Nigerian Older Adults.

Suicidal behavior in older adults is a fundamental public health problem globally and the highest suicide rates occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited research on suicidality among older adults, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to find out whether loneliness, stress and religiosity would be associated with suicide ideation in a sample of sub-Saharan African older adults (N = 500; aged 51-70 years, Mage = 58.97, SD = 6.16; 45.6% women). They completed the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the UCLA Loneliness Scale-version 3, Perceived Stress Scale, and Religiosity Scale. Regression results showed that whereas suicidal ideation could be increased by loneliness and stress, religious older adults were less likely to report suicidal ideation. Interventions aimed at managing and protecting the mental health of older adults during their transition to late adulthood should guard them against loneliness and buffer their resilience and coping strategies with the connectedness that religiosity offers.

Developing and validating a scale for assessing survival ability of homegrown franchisees

Franchising is a business strategy that allow entrepreneurs to start a business using an established brand name, a proven business system, and the support of a franchisor. However, not all franchisees survive during the economic downturn and maintain profitability in their business. Therefore, recognizing the factors that impact franchisee survival is vital for sustaining and expanding the business. This study aims to develop and validate a Franchisee Survival Ability (FSA) scale among homegrown franchisees in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was utilized, with purposive sampling as the chosen technique. Out of the 120 questionnaires distributed to franchisees, only 100 were returned with completed responses. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to identify and validate the key factors influencing the survival ability among franchisee business using IBM SPSS version 26. The findings showed that the FSA scale were valid and reliable for measuring the FSA scale, namely, financial resources, brand orientation, value proposition, and government support. These factors collectively account for a total variance of 71.76% in this study. The research provides a robust instrument for assessing the franchisee's survival abilities and significantly adds to the franchising literature. It underscores government intervention's crucial role in supporting franchisees during economic challenges. Thus, the FSA scale serves as a pivotal resource for franchisees and policymakers, guiding informed decisions to foster long-term business success and regional viability. Future research should expand sample sizes to deepen insights into local franchisees' resilience strategies amid economic adversity. In conclusion, this study contributes essential insights into the dynamics of franchisee survival and strategies for sustaining franchise operations in varying economic conditions.

Destination resilience and transformations in the tourism sector: new tendencies in destination development and management

The world is increasingly changing, with climate change, pandemics, and wars becoming key factors. The recent pandemic devastated the tourism industry, leading to a sudden collapse of the global tourism economy. Historically disastrous situations are well known for their impact on innovations and technological advances. Therefore, in light of the idea that disasters can act as catalyst for innovation and transformation, the researchers attempted to conceptualise new strategies in destination development and management from a perspective of tourism destination resilience. The findings contribute to research and policy-making and culminate in identifying six dimensions, namely technology and digitalisation, business model innovation, partnerships and coordination, tourist behaviour, domestic tourism, and sustainability, that illuminate innovative and transformative tendencies in tourism resilience. The study's outcomes offer comprehensive knowledge for policymakers, business planners, and students describing the use of innovative ideas and resilience strategies to adapt to and counter sudden disasters and adopt transformational shifts in business.

How Is Health System Resilience Being Assessed? A Scoping Review

Background: It is commonly argued that resilient health systems ensure the well-being of populations even under critical conditions, whereas poorly resilient ones may be disrupted and collapse. We aimed to examine how health system resilience can be assessed as this issue is still under debate. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature published up to March 2022, following the JBI guidance. CAIRN, DOAJ, E-Journals, Global Health Google Scholar, MedRxiv, OAIster, PubMed, reliefWeb, ScienceDirect, SmartResilience, SSRN, and WHO library were searched. Search strategy was based on key words from the research question and validated by an experienced librarian. We included full reports in English and French, whose primary focus was the health system, and that proposed or reported on the use of approaches for assessing health system resilience. Three independent reviewers did the selection and charting of reports. Extraction of information from the 34 reports that met the inclusion criteria followed predefined charting items. Results: Various definitions of the concept of health system resilience and diverging conceptual bases were found for the assessment of resilience, pointing at the lack of conceptual maturity. Three assessment approaches emerged from this review: (1) the system mapping approach which looks at health system core functions, (2) the capacity-based approach which focuses on the main characteristics of resilience, and (3) the strategy-based approach which examines resilience strategies. None of these approaches gives a full picture of resilience. They can be complementary; hence they are increasingly used in combination. Conclusion: This review identified three approaches to assessing health system resilience. The absence of a common understanding of what health system resilience represents still undermines its operationalisation and assessment. There is need for further testing and learning from empirical studies on the specific or integrated use of these frameworks.

Women of Influence: interdisciplinary participatory approaches to understanding female leadership in the Peruvian Amazon

The Mujeres que influyen (Women of Influence) project is a collaboration between researchers at University of East Anglia and PUCP, and young women from the Junín area of Peru who are members of the National Council of Indigenous Women of Peru. It takes its starting point from an acknowledgement that although women play a fundamental role in the preservation of biodiversity and ancestral knowledge, these contributions often go unrecognized and underdeveloped (Ketty Marcelo, 2018), to the detriment of the very culture and environment that should be preserved. Our women-led participatory project, uses film (production, screening, analysis) to highlight the potential and importance for active and organised participation by these young women in their communities in order to protect and nurture their natural resources. Working alongside Asháninka and Yanesha young women, we seek to demonstrate the value of young female involvement in community decision-making, addressing the cultural and societal inequalities that may disrupt their path to leadership and influence. In this paper, we focus on the methods developed in the project, particularly the value of participatory video production as a form of activism, with the outputs serving as creative manifestos in themselves. The co-designed activities have led us to reframe fieldwork as auto-ethnographic digital collaborations that have sought to disrupt power hierarchies and facilitate the co-production of new knowledge. We reflect on how our Indigenous partners have helped us rethink issues of sustainability, resilience and alternative strategies to respond to gender dynamics, political ecologies and environmental challenges.

Resilience and Innovation Strategies: How Businesses Adapt to Supply Chain Disruptions in the Post-Pandemic Era

The study explores strategies for dealing with supply chain disruptions in various industries in Turkey after the pandemic. The industries studied include manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, automotive, consumer electronics, retail, and food and beverage. The analysis involved using both qualitative data from interviews with six industry experts and quantitative analysis using NVivo and Python. NVivo and Python were utilized for thematic and sentiment analysis to summarize the findings. Common strategies identified include diversifying supply sources, integrating technology, and improving risk management. The study also revealed a consistent shift towards building resilient and agile supply chain systems. Additionally, the findings highlighted that while common strategies apply across different sectors, sector-specific differences also need to be considered when developing tailored strategies to address sector-specific challenges. This study not only addresses a significant gap in empirical insights into post-pandemic supply chain management but also provides managerial and policy recommendations for building supply chain resilience and fostering innovation in these sectors.

A Systematic Review on the Business Survival and Resilient Strategies for Hotel Owners during Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has had critical impacts on the hotel and tourism industry. There are unclear insights on the business survival strategies in the hotel industry during the crisis. This paper aims to scrutinize the implications of the Covid-19 Movement Control Order (MCO) on the hotel industry and identify survival strategies based on reviewing several publications from 2019 till now. This study could assist the regulators in governing the policy for business owners to face any crises in the future with the right strategies.

Analysis of Regional Government Capacity Development: Mapping Research Topics

The study analyzes governments' adaptive capacity using a topic-mapping method based on 811 Scopus-indexed articles using CiteSpace. The analysis identified eight key research groups that highlight the importance of frameworks like local adaptive capacity. It emphasizes the need for better operationalization of these frameworks, improved stakeholder cooperation, and the development of effective adaptation and resilience strategies for climate change. This research significantly enhances our understanding of how research topics relate to government adaptability. By identifying strengths and weaknesses in government adaptation capabilities, the study provides valuable insights for stakeholders to design effective policies and strategies for social and environmental changes. In conclusion, the research deepens our understanding of government adaptation capabilities and encourages efforts to improve their adaptability in the face of social and environmental changes.