Resilience Strategies Research Articles

A resilient event-triggered control strategy for truck platooning cyber–physical systems against denial-of-service attacks

With the deployment of vehicle-to-everything(V2X) communication technology, Denial-of-Service(DoS) attacks gradually pose potential threats for the truck platooning cyber–physical systems(TPCPS) due to disruption of information exchange in vehicular networks, resulting in instability of truck platooning and even traffic accidents. Motivated by this, the study proposes a resilient event-triggered control strategy to maintain the performance or stability of the TPCPS when DoS attacks happen. First, a resilient event-triggered mechanism is proposed to ensure that the onboard controller can receive and update status information in time after attack intervals, mitigating effect of the vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) communication disruptions. Subsequently, the sufficient condition is derived which is to confine DoS attacks and makes a key role in maintaining the platoon’s internal stability. To guarantee the consensus control performance of the TPCPS, the switched event-triggered controller is designed by the Lyapunov approach. The controller is expected to output corresponding control based on the updated status information in communication interval. Ultimately, the proposed strategy’s effectiveness is validated through simulations. The proposed resilient event-triggered control strategy is shown to be able to effectively mitigate abnormalities in the TPCPS under DoS attacks, thus ensuring safe and comfortable driving. Compared with event-triggered sliding mode control, the proposed method achieves smaller inter-vehicle distances while ensuring stability, enhancing traffic efficiency.

A Systematic Review of the Evolution of the Concept of Resilience in the Construction Industry

Despite the growing importance of resilience in the construction sector, the existing literature often focuses on specific systems or functions without integrating a holistic view of resilience. Hence, there is a pressing need for comprehensive research that synthesizes these dimensions to provide a clearer framework for resilience in the construction industry. To find the inherent patterns and trends of resilience, we carried out research from the perspective of three elements defining resilience (the subject of resilience, the influencing factors, and the subject’s ability). In this systematic review, 70 articles were rigorously handpicked from Web of Science, Scopus, and authoritative journals and divided into 6 major categories and 24 subcategories for quantitative and temporal analyses. The evolution of resilience in the construction industry is investigated in this review, shifting from specific systems facing defined impacts to addressing the complexities of diverse and unpredictable disruptions within VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous) environments. As Industry 4.0 and digital transformation progress, the significance of functional resilience across various system levels becomes apparent, necessitating a reconstitution into structural, operational, and supply chain resilience. This study encourages the use of advanced methodologies like big data, AI, and high-level architecture (HLA) federated simulations to predict disruptions and optimize resilience strategies, thus providing a robust foundation for handling future uncertainties.

MSMEs’ resilience strategies during the Covid-19 Crisis: a case of the tourism sector in South Africa

MSMEs’ resilience strategies during the Covid-19 Crisis: a case of the tourism sector in South Africa

The impact of resilience and coping strategies on depressive symptoms among Korean American older adults during COVID-19

Objectives This study examined how resilience and coping strategies were associated with depressive symptoms among Korean American older adults during COVID-19. The prevalent depressive symptoms and low use of mental health services in this population have raised significant concerns among healthcare professionals. Therefore, this study aims to understand the relationships between resilience and coping types on depressive symptoms and provide valuable insights into addressing these issues within this ethnic group. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 132 Korean American older adults. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of sociodemographic factors (age, gender, marital status, years of living in the U.S., self-rated health, financial security), resilience, and coping strategies (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, avoidant coping) on depressive symptoms. Next, the interactions between resilience and three coping strategies for depressive symptoms were tested. Results The findings show that depressive symptoms were associated with financial security and avoidant coping. Also, resilience interacted with avoidant coping and emotion-focused coping. Among the participants with low resilience, depressive symptoms increased rapidly when avoidant and emotion-focused coping strategies increased, respectively. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of culturally tailored interventions to promote resilience and decrease avoidant and emotion-focused coping among Korean American older adults.

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for a Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study on Saudi Arabia

This work conducts a rigorous examination of the economic influence of tourism in Saudi Arabia, with a particular focus on predicting tourist spending patterns and classifying spending behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic period and its implications for sustainable development. Utilizing authentic datasets obtained from the Saudi Tourism Authority for the years 2015 to 2021, the research employs a variety of machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Decision Trees, Random Forests, K-Neighbors Classifiers, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Classifiers, all meticulously fine-tuned to optimize model performance. Additionally, the ARIMA model is expertly adjusted to forecast the economic landscape of tourism from 2022 to 2030, providing a robust predictive framework for future trends. The research framework is comprehensive, encompassing diligent data collection and purification, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and extensive calibration of ML algorithms through hyperparameter tuning. This thorough process tailors the predictive models to the unique dynamics of Saudi Arabia’s tourism industry, resulting in robust forecasts and insights. The findings reveal the growth trajectory of the tourism sector, highlighted by nearly 965,073 thousand tourist visits and 7,335,538 thousand overnights, with an aggregate tourist expenditure of SAR 2,246,491 million. These figures, coupled with an average expenditure of SAR 89,443 per trip and SAR 9198 per night, form a solid statistical basis for the employed predictive models. Furthermore, this research expands on how ML and AI innovations contribute to sustainable tourism practices, addressing key aspects such as resource management, economic resilience, and environmental stewardship. By integrating predictive analytics and AI-driven operational efficiencies, the study provides strategic insights for future planning and decision-making, aiming to support stakeholders in developing resilient and sustainable strategies for the tourism sector. This approach not only enhances the capacity for navigating economic complexities in a post-pandemic context, but also reinforces Saudi Arabia’s position as a premier tourism destination, with a strong emphasis on sustainability leading into 2030 and beyond.

Beyond the regional average: Drivers of geographical rainfall variability during East Africa's short rains

AbstractThe East African “short rains” from October–December (OND) are crucial for the region's cultural and agricultural landscape. Traditional climate studies have often treated these rains as a single mode, representing the average rainfall across the region. This approach, however, fails to capture the complex geographical variations in seasonal rainfall. In our study, we analyse 4200 reforecasts from a seasonal prediction system spanning 1981–2022, identifying distinct clusters that represent different geographical patterns of the short rains. We explore the influence of tropical sea‐surface temperature patterns, upper‐level tropospheric flow, and low‐level moisture fluxes on these clusters. A key revelation of our research is the limited predictability of certain geographical rainfall structures based on large‐scale climatic drivers. This finding highlights a gap in current forecasting methodologies, emphasising the necessity for further research to understand and predict these intricate patterns. Our study illuminates the complexities of regional rainfall variability in East Africa, underlining the importance of continued investigation to improve climate resilience strategies in the region.

Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Increased Ethanol Consumption Induced by Social Stress in Female Mice.

Stress is a critical factor in the development of mental disorders such as addiction, underscoring the importance of stress resilience strategies. While the ketogenic diet (KD) has shown efficacy in reducing alcohol consumption in male mice without cognitive impairment, its impact on the stress response and addiction development, especially in females, remains unclear. This study examined the KD's effect on increasing ethanol intake due to vicarious social defeat (VSD) in female mice. Sixty-four female OF1 mice were divided into two dietary groups: standard diet (n = 32) and KD (n = 32). These were further split based on exposure to four VSD or exploration sessions, creating four groups: EXP-STD (n = 16), VSD-STD (n = 16), EXP-KD (n = 16), and VSD-KD (n = 16). KD-fed mice maintained ketosis from adolescence until the fourth VSD/EXP session, after which they switched to a standard diet. The Social Interaction Test was performed 24 h after the last VSD session. Three weeks post-VSD, the Drinking in the Dark test and Oral Ethanol Self-Administration assessed ethanol consumption. The results showed that the KD blocked the increase in ethanol consumption induced by VSD in females. Moreover, among other changes, the KD increased the expression of the ADORA1 and CNR1 genes, which are associated with mechanisms modulating neurotransmission. Our results point to the KD as a useful tool to increase resilience to social stress in female mice.

Book-Tax Differences during the Crisis: Does Corporate Social Responsibility Matter?

This study investigates the intricate relationship between corporate financial strategies, encapsulated by book-tax differences (BTDs), and firms’ engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs during economic crises. Using an unbalanced panel dataset drawn from financial, annual, and sustainability reports of over 97 Indonesian non-financial firms from 2017 to 2022, this study reveals that economic crises and CSR activities positively influence total BTD and permanent differences. Notably, firms strategically leverage CSR initiatives amidst crises to enhance their corporate image and manage internal challenges like aggressive tax planning. The robustness of these findings was validated through endogeneity analysis and by examining sub-samples from industries most impacted by the pandemic. In the industries least affected by the pandemic, the direct impact of CSR on BTD was found to be negative, indicating that in the general context, the CSR programs held by these industries are largely driven by normative motives. However, when specified in the crisis context, CSR serves as a strategic buffer for these industries, which reaffirms the prevalence of CSR strategic motives during Indonesia’s pandemic challenges. The findings suggest policy implications for shareholders, regulators, and policymakers to ensure CSR transparency aligns with long-term corporate values and societal impact, incentivizing genuine CSR practices amidst economic uncertainty. Despite its contributions, the study recommends future research explore different domains of CSR and validate findings across diverse contexts to enrich the understanding of CSR’s role in corporate resilience strategies.

Effects of the healing movie programs on post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and cognitive emotional control strategies of Korean cancer survivors: a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design

Effects of the healing movie programs on post-traumatic stress syndrome, resilience, and cognitive emotional control strategies of Korean cancer survivors: a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design

Integrating resilience and reliability in semiconductor supply chains during disruptions

The semiconductor industry, a cornerstone of modern technology, has been crucial in driving globalization and supporting various sectors, from consumer electronics to automotive industries. However, in recent years, the industry has faced substantial challenges threatening its ability to meet the surging demand for semiconductor chips. Disruptions at any point in the supply chain, from raw material sourcing to end-product delivery, can substantially influence the semiconductor ecosystem. The intricate nature of such SCs makes them highly vulnerable to various disruptions, emphasizing the critical need for building resilient and reliable supply chain strategies. This article presents comprehensive research aimed at addressing critical gaps in the understanding and management of resilience and reliability within the semiconductor supply chain (SSC). This study proposes a multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming (MO-MINLP) model to configure an SSC while considering reliability and resilience measures. It emphasizes and draws attention to the importance of resilience and reliability in managing SSC disruptions during a pandemic and potential future epidemic outbreak. Exploring the precise breakdown of batch transportation between two sites shows how disruption can affect product flow along the SC. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through a numerical example of an SSC, solved using the LINGO solver. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the model's parameters to assess the capability and effectiveness of the results from managerial viewpoints.

Distributionally robust sequential load restoration of distribution system considering random contingencies

AbstractNatural disasters would destroy power grids and lead to blackouts. To enhance resilience of distribution systems, the sequential load restoration strategy can be adopted to restore outage portions using a sequence of control actions, such as switch on/off, load pickup, distributed energy resource dispatch etc. However, the traditional strategy may be unable to restore the distribution system in extreme weather events due to random sequential contingencies during the restoration process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributionally robust sequential load restoration strategy to determine restoration actions. Firstly, a novel multi‐time period and multi‐zone contingency occurrence uncertainty set is constructed to model spatial and temporal nature of sequential line contingencies caused by natural disasters. Then, a distributionally robust load restoration model considering uncertain line contingency probability distribution is formulated to maximize the expected restored load amount with respect to the worst‐case line contingency probability distribution. Case studies were carried out on the modified IEEE 123‐node system. Simulation results show that the proposed distributionally robust sequential load restoration strategy can produce a more resilient load restoration strategy against random sequential contingencies. Moreover, as compared with the conventional robust restoration strategy, the proposed strategy yields a less conservative restoration solution.

MEDIATING EFFECT OF SUSTAINABILITY TO SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE AND PERFORMANCE AMONG CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN BEIJING, CHINA

This study investigates the integration of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) principles and supply chain resilience (SCR) strategies in the context of the construction industry in Beijing. Sustainable practices in supply chains are increasingly recognized as critical for enhancing resilience against disruptions and improving overall performance. The research synthesizes existing literature on SSCM and SCR, highlighting theoretical foundations, empirical evidence, and frameworks. Key findings underscore the interplay between sustainability initiatives, such as resource management and environmental stewardship, and resilience factors like flexibility and redundancy. Case studies from Beijing illustrate practical applications, demonstrating how sustainable practices mitigate risks and enhance adaptability in construction supply chains. The study concludes with recommendations for future research directions and practical implications for industry stakeholders aiming to foster resilient and sustainable supply chain practices.

Exploring Nurses' Emotional Resilience and Coping Strategies in Palliative and End-of-Life Care Settings in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study.

Nurses working in palliative and end-of-life care settings face significant emotional challenges due to the demanding nature of their profession. This study aimed to explore the emotional resilience of these nurses, understanding the factors that contribute to their resilience, the impact on their professional well-being and performance, and strategies to enhance resilience. A qualitative study was conducted involving 15 registered nurses from various healthcare facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and observational data. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring themes. The study identified three key themes: Emotional Challenges and Resilience-Building, Support Systems and Resources for Resilience, and Professional Growth and Fulfillment as Resilience Factors. The findings revealed the emotional toll of patient suffering, highlighting resilience-building strategies, such as peer support, mindfulness, and reflective practices. Support systems, including workplace support, organizational resources, and mentorship, were identified as crucial for fostering resilience. Professional growth, a sense of purpose, and recognition emerged as factors contributing to resilience. This study underscores the importance of emotional resilience for nurses in palliative and end-of-life care settings. Healthcare organizations can enhance resilience by implementing resilience training, providing counseling services, fostering a supportive culture, and offering professional development opportunities. Addressing the emotional needs of nurses is vital for their well-being and the delivery of compassionate care.

Navigating barriers to reverse logistics adoption in circular economy: An integrated approach for sustainable development

Achievement of sustainability goals is an epic task for developing economies that still strive to fulfil their basic needs. The availability of limited resources in the developing world vis-à-vis the ever-increasing demand poses further challenges to developing economies willing to transition into circular economies. Reverse logistics (RL) can facilitate this transition towards a circular economy (CE) by maximising resource utilisation and minimising waste, contributing to sustainability goals. This paper contributes to emerging literature by analysing the development and comprehensive potential of reverse logistics as a sustainability tool. It explores the significant barriers to the adoption of reverse logistics towards a circular economy, considering long-term sustainability. In the first phase, thirteen barriers have been identified from the past academic literature. Three barriers with a defuzzification number less than the threshold limit are excluded, and the final ten barriers are then prioritised using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The findings suggest that a lack of strategic plans for returns is crucial for RL adoption towards a circular economy, followed by a lack of visibility for recycling/reuse. Organisations can increase customer satisfaction, promote environmental sustainability, and gain a competitive edge in the market by creating a strategic plan for reverse logistics. Organisations may lower costs and contribute to a more sustainable and ecologically responsible supply chain by improving visibility across the reverse logistics process. The results serve as a framework for decision-making in RL towards sustainable development. Managers and policymakers can formulate more robust and realistic decisions that align with “maximising profits,” “saving the planet,” “social concerns,” and, most importantly, “consumer concerns” in the circular economy ecosystem. Several implications are derived, leading to increased competitiveness and resilient business strategies. The novelty of this work lies in the identification of barriers to reverse logistics adoption towards a circular economy using an integrated fuzzy Delphi-DEMATEL approach, considering long-term sustainability. This approach is studied for the first time in a developing economy context, proposing social, economic, and environmental effects and actions to be taken by organisations for sustainable development.

Paths s to improve business resilience and risk coping strategies of African Chinese businessmen

In recent years, the number of Chinese businessmen in Africa has been growing. Restricted by objective factors such as Africa's development stage and business environment, this group is facing many risks such as political conflicts, investment risks and social security. Based on a field survey conducted in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, this study analyzes the practices of Wenzhou businessmen to enhance their business resilience by expanding ethnic economy, grafting business networks, non-transferable industries, and transnational resource integration. It is suggested that African Chinese businessmen should prevent and resolve business risks by taking measures such as industrial upland, operation localization, production localization, and employee localization. Promote China-Africa cooperation.

Increasing vulnerability of vegetation to Meteorological and Groundwater drought: A Case study in Argentina

Study RegionContinental Argentina, South America. Study FocusThis study integrates multiple data sources to analyze the response of vegetation to meteorological and groundwater drought events in Argentina. It utilizes GRACE satellite data to monitor water storage variations, the GLDAS hydrological model to track soil moisture levels, and NDVI to assess vegetation health, categorized by different vegetation types. Meteorological data facilitated the computation of drought severity using the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Anomalies in groundwater storage, derived from these data, informed the calculation of the Grace Groundwater Drought Index (GGDI). A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted to examine the impact of meteorological (SPEI) and groundwater (GGDI) droughts on various vegetation types. New Hydrological Insights for the RegionThe study reveals that from 2002 to 2022, GRACE-TWSA and GLDAS-TWSA displayed consistent trends in Argentina. Meteorological droughts, characterized by higher frequency and intensity, predominantly affect croplands and grasslands. Compared to lagged effects, the cumulative impact of droughts was found to be more significant. Shrublands demonstrated the greatest resistance to drought, whereas vegetation in humid regions showed lower drought tolerance. Notably, the duration associated with the lag effects of meteorological droughts decreased from 2.16 months in 2002–1.52 months in 2020, suggesting an increasing sensitivity of vegetation to these droughts. This underscores the urgency of developing targeted drought resilience and water resource management strategies.

Ecological Design for Urban Regeneration in Industrial Metropolitan Areas: The Santa Cruz Refinery Case

Ecological design is crucial in shaping contemporary, resilient, and livable cities. The Santa Cruz de Tenerife Refinery, a prominent landmark in the Mid-Atlantic, serves as an exemplary case study for understanding advanced metropolitan processes and integrating trans-scalar, transdisciplinary, and nature-based solutions (NBS) practices into urban contexts. This article explores the challenges of transforming obsolete industrial areas, including the refinery’s decommissioning process, its port, and industrial heritage value, and their relationship with the sea, into vibrant urban cores. It examines innovative strategies for land use, decontamination, and urban resilience, which are vital for fostering adaptability and recovery from natural and anthropogenic disasters. By emphasizing the refinery’s connection to Santa Cruz de Tenerife and its metropolitan area, as well as its coastal interface, this study proposes a comprehensive methodology to assess the territorial impacts of urban processes and guide project decisions toward enhancing the quality of life for the region’s residents.

BUILDING CLIMATE RESILIENCE: INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES BY INDONESIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Climate change is a global challenge that requires rapid and adaptive responses from various levels of government, including local governments. In Indonesia, the role of local governments in building climate resilience is increasingly crucial as the impacts of climate change are felt in various regions. However, bureaucratic barriers, resource constraints, and socio-economic dynamics often hinder the effectiveness of climate resilience strategies at the local level. This study aims to explore the role of local governments in building climate resilience through local policies, technological innovation, and community participation. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach, where data was collected from various sources such as research results and relevant previous studies. The collected data were then processed systematically to find findings that support the development of climate resilience strategies. The results of the study show that local governments have an important role in developing policies that are appropriate to local conditions to deal with climate change. Technological innovation and the development of disaster-resistant infrastructure are key to increasing climate resilience at the local level. Active community participation and community empowerment have also proven to be important factors in implementing effective climate resilience strategies. Bureaucratic barriers and resource constraints can be overcome through cross-regional collaboration that allows for the sharing of knowledge and best practices. Thus, climate resilience strategies at the local level must be based on synergy between government, communities, and the private sector to achieve sustainable and effective results.

Unveiling a water-resilient service economy: A model-based approach for enhanced service excellence in GVCs

Urbanization, climate change, and irresponsible resource management exacerbate the global water crisis. The necessity for water resilience, the capacity of systems and communities to adjust and flourish in the face of water shocks and pressures, has been brought to light by these critical issues. Water resilience enables Global Value Chains (GVCs) to survive scarcity, pollution, and flooding, ensuring sustainability and service delivery. Current service excellence models focus on stakeholder satisfaction, punctuality, and reliability over water resilience. This oversight may limit GVC growth and flexibility, reducing sector services. As recommended service excellence models focus on satisfaction, punctuality and reliability among stakeholders but water resilience is not considered. This can create issues for the growth and flexibility of GVCs which could cut back on services sector. This research is examined a complex relationship between service quality and water resilience to improve the GVCs in China regions especially Guangdong Province, Shanghai Municipality, and Beijing Municipality. By using multiple regression, GVCs service quality and water resilience is analyzed in the existence of Service Excellence Model. The study used 15 years (2009–2023) secondary data to measure how water resilience and GVCs services quality affect each other in Chinese regions. The results show that water resilience strategies can strengthen global production networks, optimize resource usage, and enhance service excellence. Chinese GVCs can produce a water-resilient service economy, enlightening service quality and preserving competitiveness in rapidly changing global markets.

Nurses with dyslexia: overcoming challenges and thriving in the profession.

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty impacting reading, writing and spelling. Practising nursing requires a unique set of skills that encompass effective communication, critical thinking, and organisational skills. This article focuses on the experiences of nurses with dyslexia, shedding light on the distinct challenges they encounter and the resilient strategies they employ to navigate their roles and excel in the health profession.