Residential Housing Construction Research Articles

Transferring real estate by means of a tender by local government units and the State Treasury

The Act of 21 August 1997 on real estate management specifies two modes in which real estate which is property of the State Treasury or of a local government unit can be transferred or given in perpetual usufruct – a tender and non-tender mode. The real estate resources are the basic assets element of the above-mentioned entities. They may be used for the purposes of development and organised investment activity, in particular for the construction of residential housing as well as implementing other public purposes. A tender procedure has been specified in the Polish law. A tender is the most optimal way to commit public property. The objective of this instrument consists in transactions involving public real estate according to universally applicable rules. It is a way which gives the greatest guarantee of security in terms of transferring immovable property assets.

OPTIMALISASI BIAYA DAN WAKTU PELAKSANAAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN CITRALAND PALU MENGGUNAKAN METODE PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) – CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM)

This study aimed to optimize the cost and time of implementation of development projects in residential homes Citraland located in the town of Palu subdistrict villages Mantikulore Tondo. Completion of construction of residential houses has been delayed time of completion of the construction. This leads to greater costs incurred in development projects. Therefore, to solve these problems is necessary to analyze the optimization of project time to determine how long a project is completed. Optimization of costs and project execution time is calculated using the Critical Path Method (CPM). The method is based on the results obtained, namely the normal completion time of the project for 69 weeks with a total cost of Rp. 297,887,212.00. Aftertime optimization through crashing eachthe implementation of the activities of the development to 48 weeks with a total cost of Rp. 350,261,175.00. The probability of completion of project design development using methods Program Evolution and Review Technique (PERT) is great opportunity to complete the project work for 48 weeks amounted to 93.19%

Interlinked Sustainability Aspects of Low-Rise Residential Family House Development in Slovakia

This paper compares the sustainability aspects of three family houses according to the Slovak building environmental assessment system (BEAS). Various categories of family houses were evaluated, including site selection, project planning, building construction, indoor environment, energy performance, and water and waste management. Based on the results, Family Houses 3 and 2 are certified as BEAS SILVER, with scores of 2.46 and 2.01, respectively. Family House 1 is certified as BEAS BRONZE, with an overall score of 1.44. The results show, not only the importance of the site in terms of availability, connectivity to the network and the potential to use renewable energy sources, but also the importance of the design and construction of the building, including the application of environmentally friendly building materials, ensuring the quality of the indoor environment and the energy efficiency of the building. The aims of this study were to highlight the current trend in the design and construction of low-rise residential family houses in Slovakia and to identify gaps in the design and construction of key sustainability aspects through the existing building environmental assessment system. In the future, many low-rise residential family houses will be assessed to modify and validate BEAS.

Land use/land cover change detection analysis using remote sensing and GIS of Dhanbad distritct, India

Mining and human activities impacted the natural ecosystem leading to land use/land cover (LU/LC) change is of great concern by environmentalist and the society. The present study evaluated the LU/LC changes due to exploitation of coal in Dhanbad district of India during the period of 1987 to 2017. Remote sensing (RS) data indicated that out of 2043.32 ha LU/LC comprised of dense forest, low dense forest, open scrub, agriculture land, agriculture fallow, barren land, sand, river, water body, built-up and mining, constituted percent values of 8.17, 3.11, 39.51, 18.88, 12.69, 1.25, 0.76, 3.12, 2.88, 4.40 and 5.22 in 1987 and 4.69, 6.01, 15.78, 41.36, 9.97, 3.90, 2.55, 2.22, 1.43, 7.91, 4.18 in 2017 respectively. The LU/LC during 30 years indicated the percent share of dense forest, open scrub, agricultural fallow, river, water body and mining decreased by 42.63, 60.45, 21.47, 28.80, 50.37 and 19.85 % respectively. Land use changes were due to harvesting of forest for fuel, shelter and agriculture, construction of residential houses in fallow land, urbanization and sand removal for construction material. The increase in low dense forest, agricultural land, barren land, sand and built-up area by 93.38, 119.06, 211.63, 234.96 and 79.85 percent respectively were due to shift of land use from forest to open scrub, agricultural fields and barren lands, new settlement by utilizing sands from river banks making the river stretch wider, open mine pits converted into water bodies in the district. These resulted in a considerable change in land use pattern in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India.

HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF SECTIONAL TYPE MASS HOUSING IN RUSSIA

The history of typological development of apartment houses of sectional type is considered as the most complex, constantly developing housing on the territory of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the search for economical sectional houses with small apartments for further mass construction and experimental design work for the sett lement and their introduction in the pilot demonstration and experimental construction of the 9th and 12th microdistricts of Moscow. The system of stage-by-stage development of mass housing in the territory of Russia is disclosed until the 1990s. and in subsequent periods. It is proposed to single out six main stages in the development of mass housing with the defi nition of characteristic features for each stage. The euphoria of the construction of residential apartments and houses which was observed in the 90’s. has passed and at the present time the seventh stage in the development of residential buildings is being formed but this stage requires its solution and comprehension.

About cost reduction and improving the quality of construction of model residential houses in rural areas when designing with the use of lightweight concrete

About cost reduction and improving the quality of construction of model residential houses in rural areas when designing with the use of lightweight concrete

A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada

A partial skeleton of a bison was recovered during residential house construction in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. The specimen represents a young (estimated 6 year old) bison individual that died, was partially scavenged by carnivores, and subsequently buried by calcareous silt sediment in a pond or small lake during the middle Holocene, ∼5400 years ago. Palaeoenvironmental data, including molluscs, pollen, vascular plant, and bryophyte macrofossils demonstrate that the small waterbody was surrounded by white spruce dominated boreal forest. Morphometric analysis of the skeleton reveals that its taxonomic affinity is ambiguous, likely owing to it representing an ontogenetically young individual, though it does share some cranial and horn core characteristics of named species such as Bison occidentalis or Bison priscus. Mitochondrial genomic data confirm that this bison belongs to Clade 2A (northern clade), which represents Pleistocene steppe bison (B. cf. priscus) in Beringia through the Holocene and is not represented in living bison species. These data further demonstrate that northern steppe bison population survived the late Pleistocene extinction event, persisted locally in southern Yukon into the Holocene, and are best characterized as a species with a high degree of morphological variability and ecological flexibility.

Model for residential house element and material selection by neutrosophic MULTIMOORA method

Abstract This article aims to create a theoretical evaluation model based on decision support methods for the residential house construction materials and elements selection. The research and analyses of most of the scientists are invoked on individual elements and materials of the building, which have an impact on different aspects of sustainability. Meanwhile, the integrated model covering all the key elements and materials of the single-family residential house has not been implemented. Thus, the problem of development of the general composite model of the element and material selection of single-family buildings is acute in many countries around the world. Our study assessed the specific technical parameters related to building materials: cost, thermal bridging, and load-bearing capacity, the outer material selection according to localisation, environmental performance, durability, weight. SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) approach is applied to decision making to calculate the relative importance of the criteria. A single-valued neutrosophic set governs the proposed new extension of MULTIMOORA (Multiobjective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis Plus Full Multiplicative Form) method and allows to deal explicitly with the indeterminacy of the initial information. Our proposed new theoretical composite model for selection of elements, materials and other aspects of sustainability can be practically applied in creating the decision support system for the selection of single-family house elements and materials.

Model for residential house element and material selection by neutrosophic MULTIMOORA method

This article aims to create a theoretical evaluation model based on decision support methods for the residential house construction materials and elements selection. The research and analyses of most of the scientists are invoked on individual elements and materials of the building, which have an impact on different aspects of sustainability. Meanwhile, the integrated model covering all the key elements and materials of the single-family residential house has not been implemented. Thus, the problem of development of the general composite model of the element and material selection of single-family buildings is acute in many countries around the world.Our study assessed the specific technical parameters related to building materials: cost, thermal bridging, and load-bearing capacity, the outer material selection according to localisation, environmental performance, durability, weight. SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) approach is applied to decision making to calculate the relative importance of the criteria. A single-valued neutrosophic set governs the proposed new extension of MULTIMOORA (Multiobjective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis Plus Full Multiplicative Form) method and allows to deal explicitly with the indeterminacy of the initial information. Our proposed new theoretical composite model for selection of elements, materials and other aspects of sustainability can be practically applied in creating the decision support system for the selection of single-family house elements and materials.

Residential House Prices, Commercial Real Estate and Bank Failures

The Great Recession resulted in bank failures that exceeded the savings and loan (S&L) crisis in terms of percentage of institutions and the volume of assets of banks that failed. While much of the literature focuses “subprime” mortgages and its role in this financial crisis, we focus on the effects of residential housing prices. While construction and development loans have typically been a major cause of bank failures, we show that regional residential house prices and construction and land development loans are significant in explaining bank failures through 2011 but the regional residential house price movements have been significant through 2015. Furthermore, we show how the regional residential house price index (HPI) values have significant effects over the Great Recession, particularly in the South Atlantic and Pacific states (better known as the “sand states”).

Bioclimatic Analysis in Pre‐Design Stage of Passive House in Indonesia

The objective of this study is to investigate the climate characteristics of Indonesian regions using an Olgyay Bioclimatic chart, a Givoni–Milne Bioclimatic chart and a Mahoney Table as the pre‐design stage in the development of a passive house design standard for residential house construction in Indonesia. Jakarta was the city chosen for deep analysis, because it represents most of the Indonesian regions in terms of temperature and relative humidity. The Olgyay Bioclimatic chart showed that the climate needs a high wind velocity to counteract the vapor pressure and shading in order to reduce solar gain entering the building. The Givoni–Milne Bioclimatic chart proposed natural ventilation and shading devices, while the Mahoney Table recommends open spaces for protection against hot wind, rooms single‐banked and permanent provision for air movement. The composite size of the opening at body height is better to allow the wind to counter the high levels of humidity and temperature. Heavy walls and roofs are suggested, as well as the provision of protection devices for the high amount of rainfall. Energy simulation was also done to investigate the effectiveness of the passive strategy proposed by the bioclimatic analysis. These results give a contribution as the indispensable basis for the development of a passive house standard in Indonesia.

Simulation Modeling and Ergonomic Assessment of Complex Multiworker Physical Processes

Discrete simulation of complex multiworker physical processes, for ergonomic and/or performance analysis, is still relatively undeveloped. Existing approaches typically have taken either a classical simulation view of the problem (focus on activities, resources, and queues: workers treated as machines) or an analytical ergonomics perspective (detailed human modeling and ergonomic assessment for well-defined limited tasks). This paper presents a new way to tackle such problems, based upon elements of both of these approaches. Novel methods are described for modeling complex multiworker physical processes within a traditional discrete-event simulation environment. These methods result in a high-level language for generating activity-based process models quickly and easily, based upon simplified activity representations. Laboratory experiments are used to derive equations that can then be used to generate ergonomic assessments (i.e., relative injury risks) for the most influential activities. By implementing these equations using data generated from a simulation run, estimates of ergonomic consequences can be obtained. To illustrate the approach, it is applied to the panelized residential housing construction process, where multiple workers build houses by moving and installing large heavy prefabricated wall panels. The example illustrates the steps presented and feasibility of the approach.

Research into Behaviour Patterns Typical for Consumers of Construction Material as the Mission of Ecological Management

The objective of the co-authors is to study the motivation of purchasers of construction/finishing materials and the criteria that govern their selection. No systemic studies of consumer behavioral models and stereotypes in respect of residential housing have been performed so far. However, the environmentally determined management techniques, applicable to the production of building materials and construction of residential housing, are highly relevant both worldwide and in the Russian Federation. The co-authors have developed an original research methodology, drafted a questionnaire, and conducted a pilot survey. Its findings have proven that the price and quality of construction materials are the main factors that influence the decision making process in favor of particular items. Mere 14% of the respondents chose environmental friendliness as the decision making criterion. The findings of the focus group projects have also proven the trustworthiness of the stereotypes and behavioral models identified by the co-authors. The co-authors make a conclusion that further sociological surveys are needed to implement the patterns of environmentally determined management and to influence the value paradigms of the population.

China’s Urbanization and Carbon Emissions Peak

With the increase of urban population around the world, the massive construction of urban infrastructure and residential housing is hard to avoid. Urbanization has become a major factor that influences carbon emissions instead of a secondary factor due to more and more energy consumption and carbon emissions caused by the economic activities related to urbanization. China is in a stage of rapid development of urbanization, and urban construction has a huge potential demand for steel and iron, cement, and other high energy-consuming products, and thus the development of urbanization in the future will bring great challenge to the realization of China’s carbon emissions peak. Through the exploration and the analysis of the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on carbon emissions and the experience of urbanization development in developed countries, this paper summarizes the general evolving rules of carbon emissions peak along with the development of urbanization, defines the present stage of our country and briefly analyzes the arrival of China’s carbon emissions peak in the future. During the process of China’s new-type urbanization development in the future, we should make a scientific planning integrated with low-carbon concept from the demographic, social, economic, spatial structure, technical, and other dimensions, in order to reduce the impact of urbanization development on carbon emissions and realize the carbon emissions peak of China early.

Movilidad residencial metropolitana y crisis inmobiliaria

The strong drive of building construction between mid-nineties until 2007 and its further rapid and Sharp crises in Spain, although has been described in detail, could not be understood, however, without considering and analyzing the underlying territorial and social processes over they are based on. The objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between residential mobility and housing construction in metropolitan areas, coming from the hypothesis that the first one is the main factor to explain the drive for housing construction in these areas. To test such hypothesis, it has been carried out, at a municipal level, a statistical analysis of the relationships between residential mobility flows and housing construction in the metropolitan areas of Madrid and Seville. Results shows a setting in which each municipality bids up to attract increasing proportions of the residential mobility flows, with the subsequent oversized dwelling stock in these urban spaces

Assessment of the Impact of Land Use Changes along the Floodplains of River Lamurde, Jalingo Lga, Nigeria

Jalingo town has developed over the years from a simple linear settlement pattern dictated by the nature of its topography to a fast growing urban complex. The rapid growth of the town has necessitated the expansion of settlement and infrastructures to accommodate relative increases in population. River Lamurde and its tributary, River Mayo Gwoi which passes through the town and play very significant roles in the provision of water for domestic and agricultural uses also limits the growth of the town on the southern part for a long time. The construction of new roads and bridges along these rivers has in recent times opened up large areas for the construction of residential houses and intensification of agricultural activities along the river banks. These changes in land uses along the floodplain of the Lamurde river have resulted in large scale transformation of the landscape with telling consequences on the river and aquatic ecosystems. This study examines the causes and impact of land use changes along the floodplains of River Lamurde on the river system and how these impacts could be curtailed to safeguard the health and sustainability of the river system. Questionnaires were used to collect data for the study and were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, particularly frequencies, percentages and ratios. Physical observation of the study area was undertaken to obtain first hand information on various uses along the floodplains of River Lamurde in the study area. The findings of this study shows that land use along the floodplain of river Lamurde has undergone substantial level of change from open fields and fallow lands to intensively cultivated irrigation and residential areas. The dominant land use types in the basins presently are rainfed agriculture and irrigation farming, grazing, development of residential, commercial and institutional buildings as well as indiscriminate waste disposal. The observed land use activities include, excessive water extraction, deforestation for fuel wood and other domestic uses, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and land degradation due to improper agricultural practices. These land use activities have impacted negatively on the river ecosystem. The study conclude that there is need to streamline land use activities, conserve vital ecosystems like watershed areas and maintain buffers along stream channels as a matter of policy to ensure adequate protection of aquatic fauna and sustainable water supply. The town planning authority should enforce restriction of expansion of buildings on the floodplains of the river because of their vulnerability to flood disaster. Given the increasing intensity of irrigation and chemical fertilizer usage, this study recommends the need for further study on the impact of fertilizer and irrigation on the river ecosystem.

Analysis of electrical accidents and the related causes involving citizens who are served by the Western of Tehran.

Background:Electrical burns account for a significant percentage of fatal accidents. Each year, a number of consumers in Iran suffer from electrical injuries due to technical problems, equipment failures, and the unauthorized use of electricity. The aim of this study was to examine the root causes of accidents that involved electricity in the district served by the Western Tehran Province Electricity Distribution Company.Methods:This was a descriptive study in which incidents involving electricity-related injuries were investigated among customers served by the Western Tehran Province Electricity Distribution Company. Therefore, we collected and analyzed incident reports filed by citizens from 2005 through the first half of 2009 in the Distribution Company’s coverage area, including Savejbolagh, Shahriyar, eastern Karaj, Qods City, southern Karaj, western Karaj, Malard, and Mehrshahr. The reported events were analyzed using SPSS software.Results:Exposure of electricity lines and unauthorized construction of residential houses in areas where there were medium- and low-voltage lines were responsible for 37% of the injuries. The findings showed that the highest rate of accidents occurred in 2008 and the first half of 2009. The highest rate of accidents occurred among people with a mean age of 35.Conclusion:The results from investigating the causes of electrical accidents emphasized the necessity of developing a culture of safety in communities, especially among employees who are engaged in occupations related to electricity, construction workers, and school children to reduce the rate of such accidents.

The Thermal Insulation Performance of Envelope Construction of Residential Housing – A Case Study of Detached Houses in Yilan, Taiwan

This research aims to study the design and thermal insulation performance of detached houses in Taiwan through the analysis of 55 detached houses. The research shows that 85% of detached houses are built using reinforced concrete (RC) construction, and the rest mostly using lightweight steel framing (LSF) construction. The thermal insulation performance of envelope construction of RC housing is poorer than LSF housing. More than 80% of the case study sample could not meet the roof thermal insulation requirements of Taiwans latest regulations on housing building energy saving. The most commonly used thermal insulation materials are polystyrene board, glass wool and rock wool, which are nearly all applied in LSF housings for the internal thermal insulation layer or the structural body layer of envelope construction. Polystyrene board has the widest range of use, including both internal and external thermal insulation layers of the envelope construction. If improving thermal insulation performance of the common envelope construction concluded from case study samples to meet Taiwans latest regulations on housing building energy saving, of the savings on air-conditioning energy during the summer could potentially be 11.5%. However, above improvement project is not economically beneficial due to the too long payback period.

Timber framing factors in Toronto residential house construction

The impact of framing components as thermal bridges on the heat loss in lightweight wood-frame construction is recognized in various codes and standards by specifying certain framing percentages to be used in effective thermal resistance calculations. However, the real framing proportions that occur on site often appear to be considerably higher than the recommended percentages used for calculation. To gauge how realistic are the recommended framing percentages (or factors) in codes and standards, the typical framing factors (FFs) that are achieved in Canadian residential construction sites were measured. Seventeen residential units under construction were selected at three different locations in the Greater Toronto Area. Detailed on-site measurements provided data for numerical calculation to evaluate the amount of framing within external walls, ceilings, and exposed floors. The average FF calculated for each dwelling was found to exceed the recommended percentage by the 2011 National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (NECB) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) guidelines. The impact of higher FFs on the effective R-value of wall assemblies was evaluated, and shown to lead to error in heat loss calculations of up to 14%.

Wohnungsneubau in Schrumpfungsregionen − Fehlentwicklung oder Notwendigkeit?

Although former East Germany has had continuously shrinking populations for many years, flats have been simultaneously newly built and torn down nationwide, according to the development program of the Federal Government and the states. This housing policy was previously considered a negative development. The consequences of demographic change show parallel development of residential housing construction and demolition. This is not unusual, nor a negative development. The structures of demand and supply can deviate from each other due to changing population structure, especially because flats are immobile and durable consumer goods. The development of stable housing markets in shrinking areas is a special challenge for housing and public policy. This paper uses the example of Saxony to illustrate the challenges faced by regional housing markets where demographic change is occurring and discusses the background and connections. The current development of residential housing construction is unsatisfactory and vacancies are increasing, which leads to another question: how can future housing needs be satisfied while simultaneously avoiding the consumption of new land for housing?