Behavior Of Residents Research Articles

Research on the Factors Influencing Residential Energy Consumption Behaviour

In accordance with the double carbon target proposed in 2020: to achieve "carbon peak" by 2030 and "carbon neutrality" by 2060. The background of this research is how to optimize the industrial structure and guide low-carbon consumption through energy production and consumption restructuring. In the post-epidemic era, a series of changes in people's consumption concepts and behaviour have taken place, which made positive or negative impacts on low-carbon consumption. The research focus here is to adopt the survey analysis method, collecting primary analysis data through data collection, questionnaires, and interviews. This paper focuses on the validation and practice of this research method. Researches have found that the current direct energy consumption behaviours of residents concentrated in the household scenario and the travel scenario. The low-carbon nature of these scenarios is influenced by two main decisions: the choice of consumption mode at the first consumption stage and the choice of consumption mode at the ongoing consumption stage. The factors that influence these decisions vary from stage to stage, and different strategies can help guide residents' low-carbon consumption behaviour.

Overcoming challenging telemetry data of giant sunfish Mola alexandrini (Molidae) in Bali, Indonesia

The ocean sunfishes Mola spp. (Family Molidae) are charismatic marine megafauna that are difficult for nature-based tourism operators to target due to their sporadic occurrence. However, the giant sunfish M. alexandrini is seasonally important for the SCUBA tourism industry in Bali, Indonesia, where these molids seek cleaner-fish interactions on the reefs of the local Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Lombok Strait. Little is known of their movements, including their apparent seasonal affinity to the Nusa Penida MPA. We tagged 8 fish with Fastloc GPS tags; however, intermittent surface visits and crepuscular diving habits, combined with early tag dislodgment and tag transmission failures, yielded a challenging data set to analyze. We overcame this difficulty with a geolocation model (HMMoce) that was parameterized to leverage the complex topography of the study region, be robust to data sparsity, and accommodate switching between distinct resident and migrant behaviour states. The results revealed small-scale movements whereby the fish exhibited particular affinity to bathymetrically complex, intense upwelling areas around Nusa Penida, the east coast of Bali, and an inter-basin trough to the north. Dive patterns suggested that the molids were foraging in these oceanographically dynamic areas. Our findings suggest that the Lombok Strait is at least of seasonal importance to this species, and the local SCUBA tourism industry likely relies on individual fish that re-visit the reefs of the Nusa Penida MPA multiple times during the sunfish season.

Crisis-driven shifts in resident pro-tourism behaviour

ABSTRACT Economic crises significantly shape residents’ perceptions of tourism, impacting their pro- or anti-tourism behaviours. This study integrates social exchange theory and Weber's theory to explore how perceived economic crisis (PEC) influences residents’ prioritization of economic and non-economic values in tourism. Using multigroup analysis (MGA) in two historical Iranian destinations (Isfahan and Shiraz), we find that higher PEC levels correlate with more positive attitudes towards tourism and support for its growth. More importantly, the structural relationships among economic benefit, psychological empowerment, social empowerment, resident perception, and pro-tourism behaviour, differed across residents due to varying levels of PEC. These findings shed light on the nuanced interplay between PEC, residents’ perceptions, and pro-tourism behaviours.

Empirical Study on Influencing Factors of Rural Environmental Behavior in Informatization

INTRODUCTION: With the advent of the information technology era, rural areas face new environmental protection challenges and opportunities. The rapid development of information technology provides new possibilities for changes in rural ecological behavior. However, understanding the influencing factors of rural environmental behavior in the context of information technology remains an important research topic. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to reveal the influencing factors of rural environmental behavior in the context of information technology to help governments and policymakers develop effective environmental protection strategies. Specifically, the researchers will focus on the extent to which factors such as education level, ecological awareness, economic status, and social participation influence the environmental behavior of rural residents. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was used in this study, and residents of a particular rural area were selected as the research subjects. A questionnaire containing questions on education level, environmental awareness, economic status, social participation, and environmental behavior was designed, and a large amount of data was collected through random sampling. Statistical analysis methods, such as regression and correlation analyses, were used to process and interpret the data. RESULTS: The study's results showed that the education level significantly affected the environmental behavior of rural residents. Residents with higher levels of education were more inclined to take positive ecological protection actions such as waste separation and energy conservation. In addition, environmental awareness was also found to be closely related to environmental behavior, with residents with higher ecological awareness being more concerned about environmental protection and taking action accordingly. Economic status and social participation affected rural residents' environmental behavior to a certain extent but to a lesser extent than education level and ecological awareness. CONCLUSION: Rural environmental behavior in the context of informatization is affected by a combination of factors. To promote rural ecological protection, the government should strengthen investment in education and improve rural residents' education level and environmental awareness. In addition, social organizations and public participation should also be supported to encourage rural residents to actively participate in environmental protection actions. These measures will help to promote a change in ecological behavior in rural areas and achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Ten-Year Changes in the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors of Adults: An Analysis of the 2 Cross-Sectional Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg Studies.

Monitoring population physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior over time is important to guide public health actions. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in PA and sedentary behavior of adult residents in Luxembourg over 10years. We also investigated variations in change over time across sociodemographic subgroups. Two population-based cross-sectional studies of adults living in Luxembourg (Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg [ORISCAV-LUX] [2007-2008] and ORISCAV-LUX 2 [2016-2018]) were considered. Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to investigate changes over time between the studies with regard to self-reported total PA (metabolic equivalent of task-min/week), PA levels (inactive/sufficiently active/highly active), total sitting time, recreational television viewing, and personal computer (PC) use outside of work (in minutes per day). The ORISCAV-LUX study included 1318 participants and the ORISCAV-LUX 2 study involved 1477 participants; 573 adults took part in both studies. The proportion of participants categorized as highly active increased over time by 6.9%. Total PA (761 metabolic equivalent of task-min/wk), television viewing (12min/d), and PC use outside of work (13min/d) also increased, whereas the total sitting time decreased by 25minutes per day. Variations in change over time were observed by sex, country of birth, education, employment status, and perceived financial difficulty. Over a 10-year period, PA increased and total sitting time decreased in adults living in Luxembourg. With regard to specific sedentary behaviors, television viewing, and PC use outside of work increased. Specific population subgroups will benefit the most from targeted efforts to increase PA and minimize sedentary behavior.

Distributed Auto-Clustering for Residential Load Profiling Using AMI Data From the U.S. High Plains

Managing demand and building customized services are essential for power retailers, distribution network operators (DNOs), and load-serving entities (LSEs) in a competitive retail environment. Therefore, understanding residential customer power demand behaviors is essential for accurate load profiling. However, the large volume of fine-grained smart meter data and the wide variety of residential behavior make load profile extraction extremely challenging, even further exacerbated by deterministic clustering’s inherent limitations. This paper develops a distributed auto-clustering approach (DAA) for load profiling using real smart meter data based on a divide-and-conquer scheme to tackle current load profiling challenges. To improve the load profiling accuracy, temperature-based categories (TBCs) are proposed to distinguish days with similar temperatures. A Heterogeneous Distributed Local Sites (HDLS) scheme is developed based on the raster map concept to distribute smart meter data among local sites while considering their size and density. Local sites send the load representatives to a central site for global clustering to significantly reduce clustering complexity and computational burden. To verify the proposed DAA, approximately 11,000 residential 15-minute smart meter data provided by a utility company from the U.S. high plains were utilized in this paper.

BIS to optimise consumption monitoring and redevelopment interventions

The research deals with a monitoring system for the residential consumption dynamics of urban centres, based on data already available to local authorities (Siatel platform – Sistema d’interscambio anagrafe tributarie enti locali). The creation of the Building Information System (BIS) provides the local body with a tool that provides informed and critical particulars about the energy trend of the city as a whole. By monitoring the city’s consumption of methane gas and electricity over the years, BIS quantifies the effects of all interventions on building envelopes, taking into account both the influence of environmental conditions (degree days) and the actual energy behaviour of residents.

The spatial and temporal disaggregation models of high-accuracy vehicle emission inventory

A high-accuracy gridding vehicle emission inventory is not only the foundation for developing refined emission control strategies but a necessary input to air quality model as well. An accurate approach to the spatiotemporal disaggregation is the key step to improving the accuracy of gridding emission inventories. The existing spatial disaggregation method considers relatively fewer impact factors, lacking adequate correlation analysis among impact factors. Additionally, the existing temporal disaggregation method does not correspond with the actual travel behavior of residents. This paper proposes a multi-factor spatial disaggregation model by principal component analysis (PCAM), based on a correlation analysis of the main impact factors. Further, a new temporal disaggregation model is proposed based on the congestion delay index combined with the traffic flow fundamental model (CDITF). The results from a case study in Jinan show that the square of correlation coefficients (RSQ) between the model- disaggregated NO2 emissions based on PCAM and the monitored NO2 concentration increased by 34.4% compared to the traditional disaggregation model based on the standard road length, and the RSQ for CO increased by 13%; the NMD and NME of the simulation results based on CMAQ model compared to standard road length model decrease by approximately 33.7% and 35.5%, respectively. The trend of the monthly, daily, and hourly variations of NO2 and CO emissions disaggregated by the proposed temporal disaggregation model is quite consistent with that of the monitored concentration data. The PCAM method and the CDITF proposed in this paper are more in line with the actual situation using the cumulative emissions on road sections. The vehicle emissions in Jinan are found to be concentrated in the center of each district and county and near high-grade roads. The disaggregation results in areas with large road slopes are more realistic for considering road slope factors. The trend of the monthly, daily, and hourly variations of NO2 and CO emissions disaggregated by the proposed temporal disaggregation model is quite consistent with that of the monitored concentration data, however, the monitored concentration data presents a certain degree of time lag. The proposed spatiotemporal disaggregation model in this paper improves the accuracy of gridding vehicle emission inventory, which is of a great significance for developing precise control strategies of vehicle emissions and improving the urban air quality in general.

Gambaran Perilaku Penghuni Indekos di Sekitar Kampus Universitas Tanjungpura dalam Membuang Sampah

One factor that has an influence on the comfort of the residence is the cleanliness of the residence. The habit of disposing of garbage is closely related to the cleanliness and comfort of the residence. Dormitory residents have an important role in maintaining the cleanliness of the dormitory. When boarders dispose of garbage in its place, it has a positive effect on the cleanliness of the dormitory environment. So this study was conducted to determine the behavior of dormitory residents in disposing of garbage and the condition of the availability of public dormitory bins. Data samples taken in this study were using purposive sampling method with the research location, namely dormitory around Universitas Tanjungpura with a radius of 1 kilometer from Universitas Tanjungpura. Data collection in this study by direct survey to respondents using a questionnaire. The results showed that 76.25% of dormitory around Universitas Tanjungpura already have public trash facilities for each occupant. The behavior of residents in disposing of garbage still needs to be improved because 60.00% of dormitory residents still do garbage disposal every few days. Then for the location of garbage disposal is classified as good, 98.75% have disposed of garbage in the trash cans.

Unsafe care inresidential settings forolder adults: a content analysis ofaccreditation reports.

Residents of aged care services can experience safety incidents resulting in preventable serious harm. Accreditation is a commonly used strategy to improve the quality of care; however, narrative information within accreditation reports is not generally analysed as a source of safety information to inform learning. In Australia, the Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission (ACQSC), the sector regulator, undertakes over 500 accreditation assessments of residential aged care services against eight national standards every year. From these assessments, the Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission generates detailed Site Audit Reports. In over one-third (37%) of Site Audit Reports, standards relating to Personal and Clinical Care (Standard 3) are not being met. The aim of this study was to identify the types of resident Safety Risks that relate to Personal and Clinical Care Standards not being met during accreditation or re-accreditation. These data could inform priority setting at policy, regulatory, and service levels. An analytical framework was developed based on the World Health Organization's International Classification for Patient Safety and other fields including Clinical Issue (the issue related to the incident impacting the resident, e.g. wound/skin or pain). Information relating to safety incidents in the Site Audit Reports was extracted, and a content analysis undertaken using the analytical framework. Clinical Issue and the International Classification for Patient Safety-based classification were combined to describe a clinically intuitive category ('Safety Risks') to describe ways in which residents could experience unsafe care, e.g. diagnosis/assessment of pain. The resulting data were descriptively analysed. The analysis included 65 Site Audit Reports that were undertaken between September 2020 and March 2021. There were 2267 incidents identified and classified into 274 types of resident Safety Risks. The 12 most frequently occurring Safety Risks account for only 32.3% of all incidents. Relatively frequently occurring Safety Risks were organisation management of infection control; diagnosis/assessment of pain, restraint, resident behaviours, and falls; and multiple stages of wounds/skin management, e.g. diagnosis/assessment, documentation, treatment, and deterioration. The analysis has shown that accreditation reports contain valuable data that may inform prioritization of resident Safety Risks in the Australian residential aged care sector. A large number of low-frequency resident Safety Risks were detected in the accreditation reports. To address these, organizations may use implementation science approaches to facilitate evidence-based strategies to improve the quality of care delivered to residents. Improving the aged care workforces' clinical skills base may address some of the Safety Risks associated with diagnosis/assessment and wound management.

The influence of historic city planning on disaster prevention behavior of local residents

The influence of historic city planning on disaster prevention behavior of local residents

Income and health insurance effects on modern health-seeking behaviours in rural Ghana: nature and extent of bias involved

PurposeThis study examined the influence of income and health insurance on the health-seeking behaviour of rural residents, addressing the concerns of endogeneity and heterogeneity bias.Design/methodology/approachA two-stage residual inclusion was utilised to correct self-selection-based endogeneity problems arising from health insurance membership.FindingsThis study provides support for Andersen's behavioural model (ABM). Income and health insurance positively stimulate rural residents' use of modern healthcare services, but the effect of insurance risks a downward bias if treated as exogenous. Further, the effect of health insurance differs between males and females and between adults and the elderly.Originality/valueThis study advances the literature, arguing that, within the ABM framework, enabling (i.e. income and insurance) and predisposing factors (i.e. age and gender) complement each other in explaining rural residents' use of modern health services.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2023-0223

Chief resident behaviors that lead to effective morning reports, a multisite qualitative study

BackgroundMorning report is a fundamental component of internal medicine training and often represents the most significant teaching responsibility of Chief Residents. We sought to define Chief Resident behaviors essential to leading a successful morning report.MethodsIn 2016, we conducted a multi-site qualitative study using key informant interviews of morning report stakeholders. 49 residents, Chief Residents, and faculty from 4 Internal Medicine programs participated. Interviews were analyzed and coded by 3 authors using inductive reasoning and thematic analysis. A preliminary code structure was developed and expanded in an iterative process concurrent with data collection until thematic sufficiency was reached and a final structure was established. This final structure was used to recode all transcripts.ResultsWe identified four themes of Chief Resident behaviors that lead to a successful morning report: report preparation, delivery skills, pedagogical approaches, and faculty participation. Preparation domains include thoughtful case selection, learning objective development, content editing, and report organization. Delivery domains include effective presentation skills, appropriate utilization of technology, and time management. Pedagogical approach domains include learner facilitation techniques that encourage clinical reasoning while nurturing a safe learning environment, as well as innovative teaching strategies. Moderating the involvement of faculty was identified as the final key to morning report effectiveness. Specific behavior examples are provided.ConclusionConsideration of content preparation, delivery, pedagogical approaches, and moderation of faculty participation are key components to Chief Resident-led morning reports. Results from this study could be used to enhance faculty development for Chief Residents.

The deviation between the behavior and willingness of rural residents to use clean energy and its influencing factors in China

Rural residents who really accept and adopt clean energy make significant sense for long-term sustainability. The purpose of this study was to resolve the limitations of existing studies that only discuss whether there is a deviation between behavior and willingness, and deeply measures the deviation level between behavior and willingness to use clean energy for heating, cooking, and producing hot water, and to identify the factors influencing contrasting levels of deviation for different energy-consumption activities. A survey of 854 rural residents from 62 villages was conducted in the Loess Plateau region of China, and the multinomial logit model was used to investigate the influencing factors. The results showed that the proportion of high-level deviation for heating and low-level deviation for cooking was the highest. Policy cognition and usefulness perception had significant negative impacts on the deviation for heating, cooking, and producing hot water. Herd mentality had a significant positive impact on low-level deviation in hot water production. Males were more likely to have a high-level deviation for cooking. The results of this study provide a basis for scientific policy formulation and guide the transition from the willingness to the actual clean energy adoption behavior of rural residents.

Social capital and environmentally friendly behaviors

The environmentally friendly behaviors of Chinese residents still remain at a low level and need to be further improved to cope with severe environmental problems. Using the 2010 China General Social Survey data, this paper explores whether social capital can be used as a lubricant to effectively promote residents' environmentally friendly behaviors, including private domain, public domain, and payment-oriented environmental behaviors. The results show that social network expansion has a significantly positive effect on all three types of environmentally friendly behaviors, while social trust and social equity are only closely related to payment-oriented environmental behaviors. This paper further introduces environmental cognitive variables as mediating variables to test the mechanism of the influence of social capital on environmentally friendly behaviors. In general, environmental knowledge, environmental concern, and environmental attitudes play important roles in the impact of social networks on residents' pro-environmental behaviors. This paper provides a reference for the government to take measures to encourage residents to participate in environmental protection.

Social “win-win” promotion of green housing under the four-subject evolutionary game

The development of green housing in China has been primarily driven by the government in a top-down manner. To ensure successful promotion and maximize economic benefits, it is crucial for government departments to accurately understand the payment behavior of residents, the key demand-side participants in China's green housing market. Additionally, realtors stand to benefit from better understanding residents' preferences and employing more accurate marketing strategies, leading to mutually beneficial outcomes for the economy, environment, and society. This study incorporates the main stakeholders of green housing (government, realtors, and residents) into a four-party evolutionary game model, introducing a “virtual game party” (virtual government) under different policy scenarios: no policy, incentive policy, and mandatory policy. The Matlab simulation results indicate that the greater the level of neglect by the government, the more inclined it becomes to adopt incentive or mandatory policies. As the government's penalties become more stringent, real estate developers are more likely to choose to engage in the development and construction of green housing. This, in turn, influences the decisions of the government and residents. Higher government subsidies lead to a greater likelihood of real estate developers choosing to develop green housing, and residents are more inclined to opt for paying for green housing. This also encourages the government to promote green housing initiatives. When the subsidy coefficient offered by real estate developers increases, their likelihood of choosing to develop green housing grows, but at the same time, residents become less likely to opt for paying for green housing. A higher trust coefficient leads to residents being more likely to choose to purchase green housing, which further drives the government and real estate developers to construct and promote green housing. Finally, the study provides corresponding policy recommendations based on the research findings.

Identifying Perspectives on Physical Therapist Residency Program Goals: Hallmarks of Success and Excellence.

The purpose of this study was to describe common perspectives important to achieving excellence and success in physical therapist residency education programs. Individuals with direct responsibility for creating and revising physical therapist residency program goals participated in a mixed-methods study using Q-methodology. They sorted 31 goal topics based on the level of importance for achieving excellence and success in physical therapist residency education. By-participant factor analysis identified dominant perspectives, which were interpreted based on emergent themes from the topics identified as the most important. Participants' rationale for selecting goal topics as the most important were extracted from the post-survey. Seventy-three individuals responded, representing 9 of the 11 clinical residency areas of practice. Three main perspectives emerged: resident behaviors, resident achievements, and program attributes. One shared perspective emerged across all 3 factors that emphasized the residents' ability to become self-regulated, lifelong learners who integrate learning into practice: preparation for future learning. Variability in weighting the importance of program goals associated with each perspective may include a program's organization and mission, individual beliefs and experiences related to program leadership, and resource availability. Although respondent emphasis placed importance of some items over others, the findings do not suggest that items ranked lower were unnecessary or unimportant in achieving program excellence. The relative importance of items was weighted differently based on the perspective of program leadership and the individual completing the sorting activity. The results of this study suggest that physical therapist residency programs should have at least 1 or 2 goals in each of the 3 distinct perspectives, as well as the 1 shared perspective identified in our findings. Some consistency in program goals based on the perspectives identified here may enable further research exploring excellence, value, and outcomes in physical therapist residency education.

The Seasonal Migrants Spatially Affect the Park Green Space Accessibility and Equity under Different Travel Modes: Evidence from Sanya, China

The influx of seasonal migrants has a significant impact on public services in destination places and may reshape the spatial accessibility and equity patterns of park green space (PGS). However, the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method and its extended forms neglect discrepancies between the travel behaviors of seasonal migrants and native residents and thus fail to delineate variations in PGS accessibility and equity in areas with seasonal migrants. To avoid this issue, this study drew on the case of Sanya, a city with large numbers of Houniao, who are primarily retirees leading seasonal migration between the north and the south of China. A multi-group, multi-mode Gaussian-based 2SFCA method was also proposed to evaluate the PGS accessibility and equity before and after the Houniao influx. The method considered the changes in the COVID-19 restrictions from a refined perspective, with fine-scale residential areas being the research units and travel time requested from the web map application programming interface. The results showed that most residential areas were found to have relatively low PGS accessibility and equity levels, except for those in the south-central and southwestern urban areas of Sanya. Both the Houniao influx and lifted COVID-19 restrictions affected the spatial patterns of PGS accessibility and equity. PGS accessibility and equity were decreased by the Houniao influx, whereas walking and public transport within a few residential areas outside Houniao gathering spots improved. This study can serve as a basis for the reasonable planning of PGS and other public services in cities receiving seasonal migrants, such as Sanya.

The varying effects of residential built environment on travel behavior of internal migrants and locals

The built environment impacts multiple dimensions of travel behavior of urban residents. However, limited research has explicitly unveiled how these impacts vary between diverse socioeconomic groups, especially internal migrants versus locals, notwithstanding hundreds of millions of internal migrants are living in cities in developing countries. Hence, employing a large-scale travel behavior survey dataset collected in Xiamen (China) in 2015 and applying the propensity score matching method, this study comparatively examines the differentiations in responsiveness of such two groups to the built environment. The results demonstrate that (1) the effects of the built environment on travel behavior differ between internal migrants and locals in some dimensions (e.g., active travel frequency and duration); (2) the built environment has larger effects on all the travel dimensions of locals than on those of internal migrants, implying the existence of “transportation assimilation” and a temporal lag effect; (3) the internal migrants are less impacted by residential self-selection effects. These findings can enlighten decision-makers about more nuanced, targeted, and socially inclusive intervention strategies, thus effectively accommodating the travel demands of both locals and internal migrants.

Study on behavioral risk factors and lagging effect analysis with liver cancer mortality in rural critical areas of 4 provinces of China from 2009 to 2019

Objective: To analyze the trend of liver cancer mortality in rural key areas of Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shandong Province, and Henan Province (4 provinces) from 2009 to 2019 and to explore the influence of behavioral risk factors on liver cancer mortality and its lagging effect, and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in China. Methods: Based on the 2009-2019 National Cause of Death Surveillance Database of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the survey data of tumor and risk factor behavior of residents in key areas of 4 provinces, Joinpoint 4.2 software was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for assessing the temporal trend of standardized mortality of liver cancer; Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test were used to analyze the regional distribution difference and temporal change trend of behavioral habit factors. Stata 16 was used to establish a panel model to analyze the correlation and lagging effect of behavioral risk factors with liver cancer. Results: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in Jinhu County, Sheyang County, Lingbi County, Shou County, Mengcheng County, Wenshang County, Juye County, Luoshan County, Shenqiu County, and Xiping County showed a downward trend (AAPC<0, P<0.05) from 2009 to 2019. The consumption frequency of pickles/salted fish, red meat, and aquatic products showed a downward trend. The consumption frequency of healthy foods such as fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and dairy products in all counties and districts showed an upward trend, and the consumption frequency of fried foods, kimchi, smoked foods, moldy foods, coffee, and soy products remained at a low level (P<0.05); but the consumption frequency of soy products and dairy products was still <20.00%. Fried food, pickles/salted fish, current smoking rate, alcohol consumption rate, and unvaccinated hepatitis B vaccine rate were positively correlated with liver cancer death, and there was a lag effect, and the lag period was 4, 1, 6, 5, 4 years respectively. Conclusions: From 2009 to 2019, the mortality rate of liver cancer in rural key areas of 4 provinces shows a downward trend. There is a correlation and lagging effect between behavioral risk factors such as fried food, smoking, and alcohol consumption and liver cancer death.