Research Says Research Articles

Trends in Scientific Reports on Cartilage Bioprinting: Scoping Review.

BackgroundSatisfactory therapeutic strategies for cartilaginous lesion repair do not yet exist. This creates a challenge for surgeons and biomedical engineers and leads them to investigate the role of bioprinting and tissue engineering as viable treatments through orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, and otorhinolaryngology. Recent increases in related scientific literature suggest that bioprinted cartilage may develop into a viable solution.ObjectiveThe objectives of this review were to (1) synthesize the scientific advances published to date, (2) identify unresolved technical problems regarding human application, and (3) identify more effective ways for the scientific community to transfer their findings to clinicians.MethodsThis scoping review considered articles published between 2009 and 2019 that were identified through searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Arksey and O'Malley’s five-step framework was used to delimit and direct the initial search results, from which we established the following research questions: (1) What do authors of current research say about human application? (2) What necessary technical improvements are identified in the research? (3) On which issues do the authors agree? and (4) What future research priorities emerge in the studies? We used the Cohen kappa statistic to validate the interrater reliability.ResultsThe 13 articles included in the review demonstrated the feasibility of cartilage bioprinting in live animal studies. Some investigators are already considering short-term human experimentation, although technical limitations still need to be resolved. Both the use and manufacturing process of stem cells need to be standardized, and a consensus is needed regarding the composition of hydrogels. Using on-site printing strategies and predesigned implants may allow techniques to adapt to multiple situations. In addition, the predictive capacity of implant behavior may lead to optimal results.ConclusionsCartilage bioprinting for surgical applications is nearing its initial use in humans. Current research suggests that surgeons will soon be able to replace damaged tissue with bioprinted material.

RMetS National Meeting ‐ Progress in Weather Forecasting ‐ the user's perspective

RMetS National Meeting ‐ Progress in Weather Forecasting ‐ the user's perspective

Digitalisation of Rural Areas and Agriculture in the EU Debate: How Far from What Research Says?

Digitalisation of rural areas and agriculture is a vital thread in the EU debate now, at the time of developing the 2021–2027 programming perspective and defining the CAP goals. However, in this debate selected geographic and social factors influencing the process of digitalisation–according to the literature–do not seem to be taken into account. This leads to simplifications and generalisations of the rural reality. Given that satisfying different groups of stakeholders in different areas of Europe poses a big challenge to any of the EU policy, efforts to make them more effective should be stepped up. This paper is to serve that role. Its main aim was to discuss the gaps in the EU debate on digitalisation of rural areas and agriculture. The simplifications and generalisations present in the debate come down to the marginalisation of the role of place and people in the process. These in turn stem from perceiving the rural reality through the prism of binary division of rural society and economy. The former is seen to be constituted by farmers and non-farmers, while the latter by agricultural and non-agricultural functions of rural areas.

Child–Parent attachment in U.S. Families with Chinese adoptees: what does mixed methods research say?

ABSTRACT This mixed methods study comprised two phases. In phase 1, the author utilized a case study inquiry to explore the child–parent attachment in two U.S. adoptive families with four children adopted from China between the age of 9.5 months and 2.5 years. It aimed to uncover the real-life experiences of the two families and attachment characteristics demonstrated by four adoptees in the two families. In phase 2, the author conducted a quantitative investigation using a sample of 92 adoptive parents to examine child–parent attachment and the salient characteristics identified from phase 1. Qualitative findings indicated that children displayed distinct attachment behaviours immediately upon adoption; and adoptive parents’ sensitive caregiving facilitated the child–parent attachment development. The combined results showed overall positive attachment outcomes in the four Chinese adoptees. The study enriched the understanding of attachment theory and offered insights on clinical practice in working with adoptive families.

Using Computer-assisted Language Learning in Classrooms: What Does Research Say about Teachers' Beliefs and Practices?

The last decades have witnessed the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into the field of education. This introduction has brought in major changes in the traditional view of language teaching and learning. Accordingly, the implementation of technology through Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and its success has become of particular interest. However, the success of CALL implementation does not merely depend only on economic investments. In fact, teachers play a major role in using technology successfully in classrooms (Galvis, 2012). Thus, it is important to investigate teachers' beliefs about CALL implementation and see whether they practically practice their beliefs in classrooms. Of equal importance is to investigate and question why some teachers do not practice their beliefs. This paper attempts to shed light on teachers' beliefs and practices of CALL implementation in classrooms. First, teachers' beliefs are defined and their importance and formation process are presented. Then, teachers' beliefs about CALL implementation in language classrooms are discussed along with the factors that affect them. A discussion of whether teachers' beliefs about technology entail their actual practice is then provided. Finally, barriers hindering teaches' practices of technology in language classrooms are explained.

Child consultation and the law in the Northern Territory of Australia

AbstractConsultation with children is a delicate art, and consultation with vulnerable children, even more so. Experienced clinicians believe best practice in undertaking such work requires tertiary studies in social work or psychology combined with extensive supervised clinical experience. The current pathways to becoming a children’s lawyer in the Northern Territory do not involve mandatory training in child well-being, and yet lawyers are asked to consult with highly traumatised children and bring the voices of children into the courtroom. Lawyers for young children are additionally required to provide an opinion as to what they believe to be in the best interests of the child, without a social work or psychology-based qualification, training or in-depth guidelines to support their position. This article looks at what the law says about child consultation, what child development research says about child consultation and child consultation in practice in a Northern Territory child protection setting. At its conclusion, the author discusses potential pathways forward for lawyers and clinicians to work together in safe practices of child consultation.

A Chemistry Lesson for Citizenship: Students’ Use of Different Perspectives in Decision-Making about the Use and Sale of Laughing Gas

The aim of this study was to explore how the design of this chemistry lesson for citizenship influences students’ use of different perspectives in decision-making about ‘the use and sale of laughing gas’. In this study, ‘the use and sale of laughing gas among youth’ was chosen as a socio-scientific issue. This chemistry lesson for citizenship was designed according to the 5E instructional approach, and activating pedagogical methods and tools (i.e., group discussion, reading the information cards, taking notes, watching instructional videos) were used. Both the types of perspectives used and the effectiveness of the pedagogies implemented were explored. Twenty-three students from two classes participated in the study. The data were collected through five tools (four worksheets and a questionnaire). The students mainly used ‘scientist’ perspective by focusing on what research says about the possible consequences of inhaling laughing gas. The students also focused on ‘health’; principally, they referred to the relation between the amount of laughing gas used and the damage it may cause. As to the influential pedagogical elements of the lesson, the ‘videos’ were found to be the most effective and informative. In addition, the ‘group discussion’ was also found to be an influential activity of the lesson on making decisions about the use and sale of laughing gas. Therefore, our results suggest that the lesson design supported the students to recognize and use different perspectives to make informed decisions about the sale and use of laughing gas.

THE STUDY OF MINDSET AND BEHAVIOR OF BUSINESSMEN ON THE THEORY OF 7 SPIRITS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Being an entrepreneur maybe is a dream for most of people. Before becoming an entrepreneur, we need to know what is the mindset and the behavior of entrepreneurs who has been there before. Ciputra University is a higher education institution founded by Ir. Ciputra teaching about 7 spirit of entrepreneurs consisting of passion, independent, market sensitivity, creative and innovative, calculated risk taker, persistence and high ethical standard as a guide for entrepreneurs who wanted to start or undergoing a business. This research with title “Mindset and Behavior Studies in 7 spirit of entrepreneur theory” performed with qualitative method towards 4 interviewees that has been running business for more than 5 years and had more than 10 employees. Data will be collected by interviewing to 4 interviewees. The result of this research says, that 7 spirit of entrepreneurs theory does exist and reflected in a mindset and behavior of entrepreneurs.

Development of Activity-Based Science Learning Models with Inquiry Approaches

Development of Activity-Based Science Learning Models with Inquiry Approaches

Collateral damage from college drinking: A conceptual framework for alcohol’s harms to others among US college students

Background: A growing literature shows that drinkers can harm bystanders through alcohol-related harms to others (HTO). The burden of HTO is particularly consequential in college environments, where heavy alcohol consumption and related harms are highly prevalent. A key limitation to the current literature on HTO among college students is that the determinants of HTO in college settings are not well-described. Objective: This article presents an evidence- and theory-based conceptual framework of HTO among United States college students. Methods: This study used a literature review in Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science to determine the prevalence of HTO among college students and literature gaps. Researchers supplemented college HTO literature with broader HTO literature to develop a conceptual framework. Results: Prevalence estimates for HTO among college populations range from 59% to 84%. Literature on HTO among college students is mostly confined to brief sections of larger surveys. The college HTO literature lacks the level of detail necessary to support methodologically rigorous research. Conclusions: HTO are prevalent among college populations but their prevalence and etiology are not well understood. This likely leads to systematic undercounting of the impact of alcohol in college settings, exacerbating the “translation” gap between what the research says is effective and what colleges actually do. Better understanding of HTO mechanisms through which drinkers harm those around them would inform alcohol research and policy on college campuses, and lead to more accurate assessments of the degree to which stronger alcohol policies could benefit all students, regardless of their drinking patterns.

What matters in a Ph.D. adviser? Here’s what the research says

What matters in a Ph.D. adviser? Here’s what the research says

The Characteristics Among Maltreatment, Special Education Service Delivery, and Personnel Preparation

Children are experiencing abuse and neglect at alarming rates, and reported cases of maltreatment are increasing every year. Furthermore, children are 4 times more likely to receive special education services if they have experienced abuse and neglect. Multiple calls for action to better support children with special needs who have experienced maltreatment have been developed; however, we must understand what the research says related to the preparation of special education providers to carry out these recommendations. In this literature review, we focused on three areas related to maltreatment: (a) reported and assessed knowledge base of school-based professionals, (b) attitudes and training beliefs of school-based professionals, and (c) access to training opportunities. The findings suggest practitioners feel unprepared, there are limited and insufficient opportunities for preparation, and researchers need to consider different methodology when studying this topic. Practice and research implications are discussed.

Implementasi Program Keluarga Harapan Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Miskin

The government has done its best to solve cases of poverty in Indonesia. However, the efforts made by the government have been implemented but the government has not been able to complete optimally and thoroughly and prosper the Indonesian people, this becomes a prolonged problem. In this case the government issued Keluarga Harapan Program (PKH). Implementation of PKH program located in Kajhu village, Baitussalam sub district, Aceh Besar district due to Rumah Tangga Sangat Miskin (RTSM) so this should get special attention from the government. The method used in this research is qualitative method with descriptive research type. The results of the research say that PKH is able to eradicate poverty in Kajhu village and able to bring prosperity to the community, so that the community is very grateful for the existence of this PKH in the village, and reduce the existing poverty. Obstacles obtained are the manipulation / forgery of data by people who are not entitled to receive PKH funds.

3578 Partnership Development: A learning community to advance institutional responsiveness to the opioid crisis in the city of Detroit and Wayne, County, Michigan

3578 Partnership Development: A learning community to advance institutional responsiveness to the opioid crisis in the city of Detroit and Wayne, County, Michigan

REGIONAL PROGRAMMING AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

REGIONAL PROGRAMMING AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT

UK needs far greater investment into diabetes research, Diabetes UK head of research says at RPS/UCL New Year lecture

UK needs far greater investment into diabetes research, Diabetes UK head of research says at RPS/UCL New Year lecture

What the research says about concussion risk factors and prevention strategies for youth sports: A scoping review of six commonly played sports

Introduction: Given the growing research on potential adverse outcomes related to concussion and other serious brain injuries and the increased susceptibility for concussion among youth athletes, primary prevention is vital to protect the health and safety of this population. The purpose of this study is to summarize the current research on risk factors and primary concussion prevention strategies focused on specific youth sports, and to identify research gaps. Methods: A literature search was conducted using six electronic databases. A scoping review method was used to identify studies that addressed risk factors or primary concussion prevention strategies focused on youth athletes (ages 5–18 years) in six sports (football, ice hockey, soccer, lacrosse, basketball, and wrestling). Results: Of the 18 publications identified, the publications focused on risk factors (N = 11), policy (N = 1), rule changes (N = 3), education (N = 2), equipment (N = 2), and playing technique (N = 0). Some articles had information related to multiple topics. Conclusions: Current research on concussion prevention has primarily been focused on risk factors. There are a dearth of studies that examine primary concussion prevention in sports. When studies do exist, most focus on football and ice hockey. Only a small number of studies focus solely on risk factors or primary prevention in soccer, lacrosse, basketball, and wrestling—all sports in which concussions are common. Practical applications: This scoping review summarizes current research on concussion risk factors and primary prevention strategies in specific sports focused on youth athletes and identifies research gaps to help inform future efforts.

Do Course-Based Service Learning Programs Offer More Benefits to Students than Non-Course-Based Programs? The Research Says “Yes”

This article examines the qualitative and quantitative differences between course-based service learning programs and non-course-based service programs at the post-secondary level. A review of the research to date reveals greater benefits for students who participate in course-based community service compared to participation in non-course-based service. The course-based model’s cognitive component of organized reflection appears to be the key contributing factor that produces benefits superior to the non course-based approach, both in number and quality. Based on these findings, post-secondary institutions using non-course-based service learning program should consider changing to the course-based model.

Career Conversations: New Beginnings within a Library Career

Welcome to our new RUSQ column, Career Conversations. This regular column will explore career issues that librarians are facing, what the research says, and how you and your peers are managing these challenges. Have a topic you’d like to explore? Email us at RUSQCareerConvo@gmail.com.—RUSQ Editor

UCAR to Keep Managing National Center for Atmospheric Research

The head of the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research says he is excited about “taking our science to the next level.”