Research Says Research Articles

What Forty Years of Research Says About the Impact of Technology on Learning

This research study employs a second-order meta-analysis procedure to summarize 40 years of research activity addressing the question, does computer technology use affect student achievement in formal face-to-face classrooms as compared to classrooms that do not use technology? A study-level meta-analytic validation was also conducted for purposes of comparison. An extensive literature search and a systematic review process resulted in the inclusion of 25 meta-analyses with minimal overlap in primary literature, encompassing 1,055 primary studies. The random effects mean effect size of 0.35 was significantly different from zero. The distribution was heterogeneous under the fixed effects model. To validate the second-order meta-analysis, 574 individual independent effect sizes were extracted from 13 out of the 25 meta-analyses. The mean effect size was 0.33 under the random effects model, and the distribution was heterogeneous. Insights about the state of the field, implications for technology use, and prospects for future research are discussed.

With Reforms Under Way, International Centers Ask: Where Is the Money?

Scientists and administrators involved in the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research say reforms aimed at reinvigorating research efforts and boosting financial support are bearing fruit, but they are also wondering what has happened to the promised money.

Level of Anxiety and Effect of Family Environment on Drug Addicts

As this research says, disorganized family environment is considered as one of the key parameter that makes a normal individual to get inclined to the world of drug addiction. In such situations and with no concern on responsibilities towards family these individuals are prone to external pressures. To measure family environment the Family Environment Scale adapted and standardized in Indian conditions and test of anxiety developed D were used. Incidental purposive sampling was used to obtain a sample of 300 respondents in the age group of 30-45 years. This study throws light to the fact that those individuals who are succumbed to drugs showed higher levels of anxiety in them. Anxiety has been observed to manifest itself in different spheres. The study concluded that the non-addicts family environment is far better supportive and organized than addicts at 0.01 level of significance.

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

Mental Illness and Violence in the Media. An Illicit Association?

In this article we hopes to respond to the various questions that arise when one considers the way in which the media presents mental illness associated with violence. To do so, a literature review was undertaken, including 81 original studies or previous reviews, in an attempt to understand what are the meanings that the media attributes to mental illness and why the researchers consider these meanings to be inadequate and stigmatizing. At the same time, what the research says with respect to the existence, or non-existence, of this association outside of the media was also analyzed. And, finally, different studies were examined that explain the strategies used by the media to construct this association. The review allows us to conclude that the meanings attributed by the media, even if they contradict the opinions of professionals and experts, are effective and functional for commercial criteria.

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

The Challenges of Understanding Science Learning in Informal Environments

Abstract The National Research Council report Learning Science in Informal Environments provides a much‐needed synthesis of what research says about informal learning. LSIE makes key observations about science learning and emphasizes the challenges faced in trying to understand and document those complex processes. Yet assumptions about how—and under what conditions—people learn science are not necessarily universal constructs. Such assumptions are driven by the theoretical perspectives of the researchers, as well as the culture of the learners themselves. The limited scope of the volume prohibits it from fully addressing such cultural and historical contexts, and the subsequent implications for methodological approaches. Nevertheless, the report is an important starting point for informing educators, researchers, and policy‐makers who work with or within informal science institutions.

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

Clio in the classroom: a guide for teaching U.S. women's history

PART I: THREE ERAS OF U.S. WOMEN'S HISTORY 1. Women in Colonial and Revolutionary America 2. Women in Nineteenth Century America 3. Women in Twentieth Century America PART TWO: CONCEPTUALIZING ISSUES IN U.S. WOMEN'S HISTORY 4. Conceptualizing U.S. Women's History through the History of Medicine 5. Conceptualizing U.S. Women's History through the History of Sexuality 6. Conceptualizing Citizenship in U.S. Women's History 7. Conceptualizing U.S. Women's History through Consumerism 8. Conceptualizing U.S. Women's History in Medicine, Law, and Business 9. Conceptualizing the Intersectionality of Race, Class, and Gender in U.S. Women's History 10. Conceptualizing the Female World of Religion in U.S. Women's History 11. Conceptualizing Radicalism in U.S. Women's History 12. Thinking Globally about US Women's History PART THREE: TEACHING AND LEARNING WOMEN'S HISTORY: STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES 13. Re-designing the U.S. Women's History Survey Course Using Feminist Pedagogy, Educational Research, and New Technologies 14. Teaching Women's History with Visual Images 15. History You Can Touch: Teaching Women's History through Three- Dimensional Objects 17. Who is Teaching Women's History? Insight, Objectivity, and Identity PART FOUR: WHAT WE KNOW (AND DON'T KNOW) ABOUT TEACHING WOMEN'S HISTORY 18. What Educational Research Says about Teaching and Learning Women's History Additional Resources

Review of Critical issues and practices in gifted education: What the research says.

Review of Critical issues and practices in gifted education: What the research says.

What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners?

(2009). What Does Research Say about Effective Practices for English Learners? Kappa Delta Pi Record: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 10-16.

Invest in geoengineering research says Royal Society

Invest in geoengineering research says Royal Society Invest in geoengineering research says Royal Society

Apply Influence Diagrams for Utility Analysis of Paying the Weight-Reducing Expenses: A Case Study in Taiwan

To effectively control the growth of medical expenditure, Bureau of National Health Insurance (NHI) of Taiwan has taken many measures, including the Reasonable Number of Outpatient Services, Ceiling Price, Global Budgets, Strategic Analysis and the Excellence Plan; however, these measures can only scratch the surface. Due to the change of life style and the deteriorating condition of over-nutrition and obesity, people now have a higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease, cancer, gout, arthritis, and so on, which leads to higher medical expenditure. Therefore, good civil preventive health care is regarded as the solution of surging medical expenditure. According to NHI's statistics, the annual medical expenditure of diabetes is about 13 billion NT dollars. Among these diabetics, over 95% are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus; at least two-thirds--over 80% according to some researches--are overweight or obese. The research says, losing 5% to 10% of the original body weight can lower the risk of chronic diseases effectively; also, giving early therapy for obesity can reduce the complication probability, thus for avoiding the waste of medical resources. By applying influence diagrams of Bayesian Network and Utility Expect of statistics, this paper evaluates the medical expenditure of Taiwan's NHI under the circumstances of providing and not providing benefit for weight-loss outpatient services. The result of this research is that the cost of not providing benefit for weight-loss outpatient services is 3.4 times of the contrary. Therefore, if Taiwan's NHI provides reasonable benefit for weight-loss outpatient services, not only the risk of people suffering from diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease, cancer, gout, arthritis, etc. will go down; but also the medical expenditure can be effectively reduced.

US scholars have less time for research says survey

US scholars have less time for research says survey

Changing Times Require a Changing Middle Grades Research Agenda

Research Vincent A. Anfara, Jr. As I reflected upon theme this issue, Level Education in Changing Times, I reviewed many of topics that have been covered in What Research Says column. This column first appeared in Middle School Journal in May 1979. The list of topics includes, among others, teacher behavior; classroom management; parent involvement; advisory programs; single-sex education; courageous, collaborative leadership; core curriculum; lesson studies; grade configuration; and professional learning communities. As we focus on changing times, we likewise need to look at changing landscape of educational research as relates to middle schools and young adolescents. As part of this examination of middle grades research and its changing nature, history of National Middle School Association's efforts to promote middle grades research and to facilitate generation of knowledge needed to inform practice and policy are reviewed. This history will start in 1997 with publication of A 21st Century Research Agenda: Issues, Topics 8c Questions Guiding Inquiry into Middle Level Theory 8c Practice (National Middle School Association, 1997), travel through publications Research and Resources in Support of This We Believe (Anfara, et al., 2003) and R^sup 3^: Research, Rhetoric, and Reality: A Study of Studies (Hough, 2003), and conclude with an in-depth look at a current publication edited by Mertens, Anfara, and Roney (2009). A brief history of development of a middle grades research agenda In 1997, Blue Ribbon Research Agenda Task Force and Research Committee of National Middle School Association published A 21st Century Research Agenda: Issues, Topics & (Questions Guiding Inquiry into Middle Level Theory & Practice. The recommendations research contained in A 21st Century Research Agenda (NMSA, 1997) centered on 12 characteristics of developmentally responsive middle level schools, which were, at that point in time, delineated in 1995 edition of NMSA's This We Believe. It is essential to recognize that these same characteristics were identified by Association Supervision and Curriculum Development (1975) in its publication of The Middle School We Need, by National Association of Secondary School Principals (1985) with publication of An Agenda Excellence at Middle Level, and by Carnegie Task Force on Education of Young Adolescents' Turning Points: Preparing American Youth 21st Century (Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development, 1989) as essential to creating exemplary middle schools. The authors of A 21st Century Research Agenda (NMSA, 1997) noted that research yet been fully addressed (p. 3) and that for some time there has been a need substantive discussion among interested parties regarding vigorous and continued research that is based on a thorough and thoughtful research agenda middle level (p. 3). By stating that research yet been fully addressed, authors acknowledged that research foundation middle school movement was relatively new, since history of middle schools dates back only to 1960s. In years since inception of middle schools, middle level researchers and practitioners have been busy seeking answers to questions regarding effects of programs, policies, and pedagogical changes in middle schools across nation. The authors of A 21st Century Research Agenda (NMSA, 1997) commented that the most common questions relative to middle level education are unlike most common questions now being posed of all reform initiatives: Does work, and how do you know? (p. 5). They were careful to note that it is not a single construct but a complex set of interwoven, interconnected variables (p. 5), which we commonly refer to as middle school concept. …

Collaborative teaching for teacher educators—What does the research say?

In this paper, the literature related to collaboration in teacher education programmes is reviewed. The authors discuss the benefits for teacher educators who collaboratively plan and develop team-taught coursework and monitor the impact of their collaboratively developed pedagogy. Gaps in the current knowledge and research are delineated, and recommendations are offered for efforts to further develop the practice of collaborative teaching so as to increase the capacity of future teachers to address the increasingly diverse student populations enter their classrooms.

Translation and the Changing Profession: A Cross-Disciplinary Perspective

Disciplines that deal with the selection, dissemination, and translating of information have had to adapt to changes that have come with the adoption of new technology. On the one level there has been a reflection in research on the responsibilities and relevance of the discipline itself and the professions associated with it. The “communication” professions have also shown a concomitant movement toward contracting rather than salaried positions, and so both the day-to-day organization of work and the institutionalized practices of entering the workforce, gaining experience, and being promoted have changed. Power relations inherent in organizational structures change as the organization of work changes, and the intrinsic values associated with professions that produce knowledge products change with reorganization as well. While technology has challenged all communication professions with change, the responses across these fields have been very different. This paper is about those differences in translation and disciplines close to translation. How has each discipline adapted (or not) to changes in the way its profession has evolved, and what does current research say about these transformations?

Longer learning periods for the secondary school day: What does research say?

Longer learning periods for the secondary school day: What does research say?

What the Research Says … In One Line

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Local Newspaper Coverage of the Presidency

Scholarly research says much about national news coverage of the presidency. But there has been little exploration into local news coverage of the presidency, with much research focusing on presidential campaigns or a small subset of presidential news, his local visits. Based on a sample of 288 stories taken from 1995 of the Bill Clinton and 2003 of the George W. Bush administrations, I answer the following questions: What explains the amount of local newspaper coverage of the presidency and what influences the likelihood that local newspapers will cover the presidency, daily? Support for the president, corporate ownership, newspaper resources, and the location of the story itself affect the amount of local newspaper coverage of the president and the likelihood that a newspaper will publish a story on the presidency.