Research Interviews Research Articles

Policing toxic masculinities and dealing with sexual violence on Zimbabwean University campuses

University campuses are framed as sexualised spaces marked by high sexual risk-taking behaviour and toxic masculinities that often fuel abusive relationships and sexual violence. More often, the most vulnerable groups, to this violence include sexual minorities, girls and students with disabilities. Drawing on qualitative ethnographic research and semi-structured interviews with students and staff from two universities in Zimbabwe, this article examines how toxic campus ‘cultures’ and campus sexual economies can be transformed and made more inclusive and safer for all students. The study uses Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice, especially the field and habitus to understand how toxic masculinities are produced and reproduced on campus, as well as how everyday practice on campus can be instrumentalised to reconfigure coercive sexual practices and toxic masculinities. Although there is a huge body of research on sexual violence in Zimbabwe, very little of this has focused on the prevalence and experiences of this phenomenon within university campus spaces. Therefore, little is known about how students experience, perceive, and navigate sexual violence on campus, as well as institutional responses to sexual violence. Consequently, this study seeks to fill this gap and contribute to the burgeoning scholarship and debates on sexual violence, including coercive sexual practices and heteronormativity in university campus spaces. We seek to contribute to three sustainable development goals, that is goal 3 (good health and well-being), goal 5 (gender quality) and finally goal 10 (reduced inequalities).Contribution: This article foregrounds the ways in which institutions of higher learning respond to sexual violence within the university campus. The key contribution of this article relates to how students’ religious and socio-cultural subjectivities shaped or mediated experiences of and perceptions on sexual violence on campus. Consequently, we assert that the campus religious ‘field’ and students’ spiritual ‘habitus’ had a huge influence on the campus sexual economies.The research contributes to the field of Biblical Theology engaged with Gender Justice, Health and Human Development.

Realisation of the principle of normalisation in the adoption of ICTs in a women's prison: A Finnish qualitative study

Digitalisation offers prisons versatile opportunities to promote the rehabilitation of incarcerated people during their imprisonment, on their return to society, and in communicating with relatives and service providers such as social welfare and health care services, housing services, and employment services. This study focuses on the Hämeenlinna prison, which is Finland's first closed women's prison using personal in-cell laptops for each incarcerated person. We ask (1) how is the principle of normalisation realised in the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a women's prison and (2) how do cultural factors hinder the adoption of ICTs in prison. Research material was collected through ethnographic fieldwork and research interviews (22 prison employees and 15 incarcerated women). According to the results, the use of ICTs diversified and enhanced internal communication in the prison and offered a new tool for interacting in prison. The prison offered a limited opportunity for video-mediated motherhood, and efforts were made to respond to women's multi-problematic service needs in prison, and through utilising various digital services. However, the study shows that the realisation of the principle of normalisation in the adoption of ICT in a women's prison poses many challenges. Furthermore, security-oriented thinking and passive resistance appeared as key cultural factors that slow down the adoption of ICTs and new practices. As a conclusion, it can be stated that the adoption of ICTs and the construction of a new prison culture that utilises technology is a long-term process that requires a change in practices, culture and policies that emphasise security.

An Evaluation of Game-Based Education Method by Primary School 1st Grade Teachers

The purpose of this research was to reveal perceptions of primary school 1st grade teachers’ about "Game-Based Teaching Method". In the research, literature review and semi-structured interviews were used as a method. This reserach adopted qualitative methodology. The semi-structured interview questions were written by the researchers based on the information obtained by scanning the current literature on game based teaching and learning. The questions were finalized by taking an expertise opinion and then applied in the semi-structured interviews with the teachers. The data gathered from the semi-structured interviews were analyzed by using content analysis method. According to the findings of the research, it was found that teachers use game-based teaching to provide effective teaching and learning for their students. Moreover, the findings of this research were discussed and interpreted in line with the relevant literature. Finally, the results of the research were summarized, and suggestions were made to teachers and researchers.

Localising cosmopolitanism in place talk: Semiotic landscape as stance object

Abstract Sociolinguistic research has begun to critique the generalised view of cosmopolitanism as indexed by the use of global and non-local languages and urge us to explore its variety and complexity as situated and dialogical practices. This article answers this call by examining how cosmopolitanism is localised in place talk. Drawing from a larger ethnographic study of language, space, and cosmopolitanism in Shanghai, the analysis focuses on how participants evoke, compare, and evaluate the semiotic landscapes of this Chinese megalopolis. While competing notions of cosmopolitanism emerge during the research interviews, stances taken towards them also perform divergent relationships to the city. This article thus demonstrates how, instead of being a binary opposition, cosmopolitan landscape is discursively reappropriated for the construction of local identities. It contributes to our understanding of how cosmopolitanism is reterritorialised in urban space. (Cosmopolitanism, semiotic landscape, stance, place talk, place-identity, Shanghai)*

A roadmap to realist interviews in health professions education research: Recommendations based on a critical analysis.

Realist evaluation is increasingly employed in health professions education research (HPER) because it can unpack the extent to which complex educational interventions work (or not), for whom under what circumstances and how. While realist evaluation is not wedded to particular methods, realist interviews are commonly the primary, if not only, data collection method in realist evaluations. While qualitative interviewing from an interpretivist standpoint has been well-articulated in the HPER literature, realist interviewing differs substantially. The former elicits participants' views and experiences of a topic of inquiry, whereas realist interviewing focuses on building, testing and/or refining programme theory. Therefore, this article aims to help readers better understand, conduct, report and critique realist interviews as part of realist evaluations. In this paper, we describe what realist approaches are, what realist interviewing is and why realist interviewing matters. We outline five stages to realist interviewing (developing initial programme theory, realist sampling/samples, the interview itself, realist analysis and reporting realist interviews), drawing on two illustrative cases from our own realist evaluations employing interviewing to bring theory to life. We provide a critical analysis of 12 realist evaluations employing interviewing in the HPER literature. Alongside reporting standards, and our own realist interviewing experiences, this critical analysis of published articles serves to foreground our recommendations for realist interviewing. We encourage HPE researchers to consider realist interviews as part of realist evaluations of complex interventions. Our critical analysis reveals that realist interviews can provide unique insights into HPE, but authors now need to report their sampling approach, type of interviewing and interview questions more explicitly. Studies should also more explicitly draw on existing realist interviewing literature and follow reporting guidelines for realist evaluations. We hope this paper provides a useful roadmap to conducting, reporting and critically appraising realist interviews in HPER.

Evaluasi Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di KB Indah Mulya Indralaya

This research conducts an evaluation of the implementation of Early Childhood Education at KB Indah Mulya Indralaya. The study aims to assess the effectiveness and quality of the Early Childhood Education program, considering various factors such as curriculum delivery, teaching methodologies, infrastructure, and overall learning environment. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, including surveys, interviews, and classroom observations, the evaluation seeks to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in the current implementation of Early Childhood Education at KB Indah Mulya Indralaya. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights to enhance the overall educational experience for young learners in the specified context.

Pembelajaran Kitab Al-Mabadi Al-Fiqhiyyah Dalam Membentuk Karakter Religius Santri Di Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwir Sangatta Selatan

The goal of this research was to illuminate how students at Al-munawwir Islamic Boarding School, located in Sangatta Selatan, were affected by studying Al-Mabadi AlFiqhiyyah. This approach to research employs qualitative, descriptive methods. Purposeful sampling will be used to select research participants, and observation, interviews, and documentation will be used to collect data. Reducing and summarizing data, presenting findings, and drawing conclusions are all part of the data analysis process. Visualization and summarization of data. Using data triangulation and source triangulation to confirm the veracity of the collected information. Religious affiliation among students is supported by the results of this study. Congregational prayer and reading the wirid (prayer) afterward are clear signs of this. study of Salaf books and reading the Qur'an, the entire religious series is carried out in accordance with Islamic principles.

Tourism Competitiveness Evaluation Model of Urban Historical and Cultural Districts Based on Multi-Source Data and the AHP Method: A Case Study in Suzhou Ancient City

Urban historical and cultural districts, serving as multi-functional compounds integrating cultural preservation, consumer experience, and economic growth, are increasingly becoming the preferred choice for in-depth tourism under the trend of historical heritage protection and consumption upgrading. Due to the complexity of the construction purpose, inherent functions, and operational management of historical districts, scientifically and rationally evaluating them poses a challenge. This paper attempts to construct an evaluation method for the tourism competitiveness of urban historical and cultural districts based on multi-source data and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. First, based on the model of destination competitiveness and combined with literature research and open-ended expert interviews, an evaluation framework for the tourism competitiveness of urban historical and cultural districts is established, using the AHP method to calculate the specific weights of each evaluation indicator. Then, the corresponding data sources for each indicator and the data processing and calculation methods are further clarified. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation model, this paper selects three key historical and cultural districts in Suzhou City, calculates the tourism competitiveness of each district based on the proposed model, and collects tourist satisfaction surveys from the three districts for cross-validation with the evaluation results. The experimental results show that the evaluation model is reliably effective in assessing the cultural, commercial, and tourism service aspects of historical districts, thereby providing a theoretical basis for future tourism decision-making information systems and practical applications of historical districts.

Nyadhar Traditional Ceremony: History and Collective Memories of Pinggir Papas Village Community, Sumenep

Collective memory is directly associated with the historical development line of the Nyadhar Traditional Ceremony. Both go hand in hand and maintain culture. The history and collective memory of the community regarding the Nyadhar Traditional Ceremony can only be traced through previous research texts, relics and interviews with locals. This research describes the historya and collective memory of the Pinggir Papas village community in Sumenep regarding the Nyadhar Traditional Ceremony tradition. This research uses a qualitative case study research method to analyze findings in the field in the form of interviews, previous research texts and relics. Through case studies, researchers will explore how events occur systematically over a long period until they find a suitable picture to present. The research results show that 1) The Nyadhar Traditional Ceremony has been implemented since salt was first discovered in Pinggir Papas village. 2) All equipment and ceremonial procession sequences are important for the community. 3) The collective memory that develops in society is the key to preserving the traditions of the Nyadhar Traditional Ceremony.

Food insecurity in adults with severe mental illness living in Northern England: Peer research interview findings.

Food insecurity means that a person does not have access to sufficient nutritious food for normal growth and health. Food insecurity can lead to many health problems such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other long term health conditions. People living with a severe mental illness are more likely to experience food insecurity than people without mental illness. Peer-led in-depth interviews were conducted with adults with severe mental illness from Northern England, during which their experiences of food insecurity and strategies to tackle food insecurity were discussed. Interviews took place between March and December 2022, with interviews being transcribed and analysed using deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Thirteen interviews were conducted, finding that food insecurity in adults with severe mental illness was often a long-standing issue. Unemployment, the cost-of-living crisis and fuel poverty impacted on experiences of food insecurity. Difficulties accessing food banks such as transport, stigma, and the limited selection of available food was also discussed. Strategies to tackle food insecurity centred on making food banks more accessible and improving the quality of available food. Future research should aim to eradicate food insecurity for adults with severe mental illness, as limited research and action focuses on this population group over and above 'mental illness' or 'poor mental health'. Removing barriers to accessing food such as lack of transport, and providing food which is of adequate nutritional quality, should be prioritised, as well as tackling the stigma and accessibility issues surrounding food banks use.

Centring the voices of survivors of child sexual abuse in research: an act of hermeneutic justice.

Survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) are known to hold silence and create distance between themselves and service providers for self-protection, as groomed behaviour or to protect the listener from vicarious trauma. Silence for many survivors has also been reinforced as a beneficial action by previous experiences of disclosing and being rejected, challenged, or disbelieved. How can researchers be sure the same dynamic is not playing out in research interviews? Generating reliable research data is an imperative and an act of epistemic justice that enables CSA survivors to testify to the suffering caused by abuse and subsequent trauma distress and to contribute to social discourse for change. Fricker, however, notes that the precursor to testimonial justice is hermeneutic justice. Hermeneutic justice pivots on the dual action of accurate understanding and interpretation, but CSA experiences may be beyond the comprehension of untraumatised listeners because their own frame of reference renders them unable or unwilling (even if unconsciously) to entertain the truth of such human depravity and cruelty. If survivors are not understood, their testimonies can be misconstrued or oftentimes excluded from the generation of epistemic knowledge, leaving the survivors unable to make sense of, and process, their experiences. These are crucial issues for researchers in the field of CSA and other crimes of sexual and gendered abuse. This study considers the operationalisation of a participatory research approach held within a lived experience research paradigm. Such methodologies advocate for peer involvement, which is becoming more widely recognised as supporting testimonial justice and the accurate understanding and interpretation of survivors' testimonies. The issue of validating the methodology and methods is considered, exploring a rigorous data audit and researcher reflexivity as contributors to trustworthy data. Peer and participant safety when researching through lived experience is addressed. Data from a doctoral research study are used to illustrate this article.

WASTE MANAGEMENT SOCIALIZATION TO MAXIMIZE WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR CONVECTION BUSINESS

Socialization of waste management in the convection business will have a big impact on the business. The purpose of this research is to find out the urgency and relevance of waste management socialization in the context of a convective profession. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, using observation research techniques, interviews, and library studies and documentation. The results of this study reveal changes in the convection business culture, these changes include intensive education about the importance of waste management that has motivated businesses to take concrete steps to reduce waste and support sustainable practices. Deep understanding of the positive impact of these actions has created a new passion for work and a stronger foundation for sustainability.

Evolution of a Medieval Castle Town and Its Landscape in the Southwestern Anatolia

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to develop a framework for understanding the archaeological sites composed of the remains and traces of castle towns and evaluating these sites together with their landscapes with a retrospective focus. A case study approach was undertaken with a focus on Kale Tavas (Tabae) in the Southwestern Anatolia. The scope of the Historic Landscape Characterisation was adapted to characterise the remains and traces of the castle town together with its landscape. Site survey at different scales, archive research, and in-depth interviews were used to acquire data. Our results suggest the related conservation boundaries should be determined not only considering the citadel walls but also the natural context that had contributed to the evolution of the castle town. For Kale Tavas, heritage management should be planned by considering the values of the historical landscape and the factors that threaten them, as this study shows.

The arrival of Ukrainian refugees as an opportunity to advance migrant integration policy

ABSTRACT The Czech Republic has received the largest number of Ukrainian refugees per capita. An underdeveloped migrant integration policy and limited experience with large numbers of refugees hampered the Czechs’ willingness to help. The reception phase relied heavily on crisis teams, volunteers, and civil society organizations. Accommodating structural measures became necessary. This article takes a closer look at these changes and explains how the large number of Ukrainian refugees constitutes an “external shock” that has shaped Czech migrant integration policy in several key aspects. We also examine the role of international organizations in shaping migrant integration policy. We use the research framework of historical institutionalism, applying retrograde analysis, desk research and deep semi-structured interviews. Our results show that migration policy has been skewed in the short-term towards better acceptance of migrants, but we can identify a tendency towards a return to the original trajectory. We also find that international organizations have not had a substantial influence on recent changes in migrant integration policy; domestic actors have had a much greater influence.

Prevention of Early Marriage in Religious and Health Perspectives in Petangguhan Village

The purpose of this study was to find out young people who married at an early age in the village of Petangguhan, and so that in the future there would be no more cases of early marriage in the village of Petaguhan. From a reproductive health point of view, adolescents who marry early will have a greater impact on reproductive health and even psychologically. The method used in this research is a type of qualitative research. The approach in this study uses a sociological approach that is related to one community with another. Primary data sources were obtained directly from the results of research interviews conducted with the health agency in the village of Petangguhan. Data on the dispensation rate for marriage were obtained from the Religious Courts, and some data from the village office, namely the village head who is also the secretary of the village of Petangguhan, Kab. Poor. The results of this study indicate that there are several impacts of early marriage, namely the causes of high maternal and infant mortality, low birth weight, birth injuries, and birth complications that occur in adolescents. prevention of early marriage, they want to carry out a youth posyandu in the village of Petaguhan.

PP18 Unlocking The Potential Of Medical Device Reimbursement In India For Better Health Outcomes

IntroductionThe Indian healthcare landscape has witnessed several promising changes including the introduction of a comprehensive medical technology inclusion process, Diagnosis-related group (DRG)-pilot and value-based incentives for hospital services under the national public health insurance scheme. Realizing the need for a more patient-centric stance towards improving healthcare outcomes as the way forward, we propose incremental changes including greater participation of public and private care-providers in topic prioritization and the appraisal committee. We also propose a unique evidence-driven approach using reimbursement as a lever for rewarding quality and innovation in medical technologies.MethodsWe developed two discussion guides to capture the ideas around deeper involvement of care-providers and patient societies, and introduction of value-based reimbursement for incentivizing high-quality implantable medical devices in India. The guides were prepared using secondary research and key informant interviews. Over 25 key stakeholders representing payers, regulatory agencies, government authorities, clinical experts, and industry players selected through quota sampling participated in a roundtable meeting. Based on the meeting outcomes, key recommendations for leveraging medical device reimbursement for better health outcomes were developed.ResultsThis qualitative research was carried out with participation of key stakeholders across the medical device reimbursement process. The group proposed recommendations for bringing care-providers closer to the process through a structured and inclusive nomination approach involving therapy users and patient groups at various stages of evaluation. Complementing the existing value-based incentives framework for hospital services, we proposed a similar two-step pathway for incentivizing quality of implantable medical devices. The proposal includes the introduction of certification-based and outcome-based incentives built on a scientific and holistic evaluation criterion.ConclusionsThrough this process, we created a pragmatic and concrete call for a stronger voice from care-providers and patient groups in the evaluation process. Consecutively, the proposed innovative framework introducing value-based incentives for implantable medical devices will be instrumental in enabling access to quality health care to poor patients. These strategies follow the principles of value-based care and will go a long way in achieving better health outcomes for the population. The scientific initiative has been made possible with the support of St. Jude Medical India Pvt Ltd. (now Abbott).

Abstract C007: Disparities in occurrence and outcome of male reproductive cancers in the United States Pacific Islander community

Abstract Data from the National Cancer Database indicates prostate cancer (CPa) prevalence in the Pacific Islander (PI) community to be nearly 1.6 times higher than the national standard. Recent data suggests that prostate cancer rates seen in United States PI men are comparable to that of African American men, the community with the longstanding recognition as having the highest rates of the disease in the US. PIs are defined as those originating from or being indigenous to the islands of Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia including the US governed Hawaiian islands, Guam, Northern Marianas Islands, and American Samoa. PIs make up a grossly underrepresented minority group, often being overshadowed by their mainland Asian counterparts when aggregated together as a group defined as “AANHPI” in sociological and epidemiological data sets and studies. In addition, Pacific Islanders, at least in the mainland US, are considered a “new” minority population, and with the exception of those indigenous to US territories, the vast majority of the population are post 1970 first or second generation immigrants. Research into health disparities in the PI community is thus unsurprisingly sparse, and there is great work to be done to explore these alarming trends. The purposes of this study are threefold: further explore the data pertaining to prostate cancer prevalence in the pacific islander community; disaggregate the data between ethnic lines; and provide a foundation for future research that can further elucidate the causes and outcomes of this disease in the Pacific Islander community. Data was taken from the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey (NHPI NHIS). The NHPI NHIS is a national survey administered by the CDC-NCHS to collect disease data including health condition and characteristics, health care access and service utilization but specific to the national NHPI population. Among 2588 participants, 4% indicated ever having been diagnosed with cancer among which prostate cancer was the second most commonly diagnosed. This study relies heavily on large-scale national questionnaires, thus future research should incorporate additional qualitative exploratory research, including targeted and ethnicity-specific canvassing and interviews in order to better understand the real life manifestations of the disease. The preliminary findings highlight an ever growing concern for the health outcomes of this community, and provide compelling evidence in support for both disaggregation of the community from Asian Americans, as well as interethnic disaggregation in data sets. A common thread of distancing between PI communities and the healthcare system was particularly evident, raising the concern that PIs are not being screened early enough and are not seeking life saving medical attention until advanced disease progression. A hopeful outcome of this study is a recognition that more outreach and community work must be done to bridge the gap between PIs and the Western healthcare system in order to mitigate the observed disparities. Citation Format: Nicholas A. Sowizral. Disparities in occurrence and outcome of male reproductive cancers in the United States Pacific Islander community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr C007.

How much would England’s National Health Service have to invest to bring its capacity to deliver an Alzheimer’s treatment to G7 average capacity levels?

AbstractBackgroundThe arrival of disease‐modifying treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) creates a substantial challenge for health systems because of the large patient pool and a complex diagnostic pathway, and in particular, for those countries that already have comparatively low capacity to provide timely, accurate AD diagnostic services. We estimate how much NHS England would have to invest over 10 years to bring its memory assessment services infrastructure up to the average capacity of the other G7 countries and project the resulting changes in wait times for a disease‐modifying Alzheimer’s treatment.MethodDesk research and expert interviews for capacity and cost data. Markov model to estimate the effect of investment on wait times because of limited capacity for specialist visits and confirmatory biomarker testing.ResultEngland has the lowest number of MRI and PET scanners and the second lowest number of AD specialists of the G7 countries (Table 1). Closing this gap would require an estimated investment of ∼GBP 5.5 billion over 10 years, of which 9% would go toward acquisition of 126 PET and 1,196 MRI scanners including building modification, maintenance and IT equipment cost, and 91% to support operative costs (salaries, CSF assays, tracers, and facility use). On an annual basis, this number amounts to GBP 99 per capita and 3.1% of the overall NHS budget. Wait times in the diagnostic process to determine treatment eligibility would go from an average 58 months to 10 months by year 10 of the investment (Figures 1 and 2)ConclusionAs a result of a long‐standing underinvestment in health system infrastructure, wait times to receive an AD treatment would be substantial in England. Targeted investments aimed at increasing the NHS’ capacity to the average of the remaining G7 countries would decrease those wait times significantly. While the required investment is sizeable, the cost of inaction is equally so, since the disease would progress to more severe and costly stages while patients are held up on wait lists.

The Research on Marketing Strategies for Master Kongs New Products

Master Kong, which is the leading enterprise of instant food industries in China now is suffering from the loss of its potential profit. What caused these phenomena is the fierce competitions between the old and new brands in instant food industries. Although Master Kong can still dominate the main instant food market in China, it still needs to breakthrough its own bottleneck. In this research, new products are proposed which can also provide totally new ideas for the generation of instant food products. The online open questionnaire and in-depth research interview provide the information about the things need to be improved and the new consumer groups. The generation Z and new town youth purchasing characteristics are useful for many brands. In order to reach the generation Z and new town youth in China, specific marketing strategies are presented in this research after analyzing the real market. This research mainly dedicated into how to maintain Master Kongs leading position and lay the foundation for its future transformation.

Croissance post-traumatique et stratégies de coping chez les sapeurs-pompiers civils français

IntroductionOften faced with potentially traumatic critical incidents, firefighters may experience both negative and positive changes. These include full or partial post-traumatic stress disorder, specific coping strategies and possibly post-traumatic growth. For firefighters, these factors might be related, and their experiences may be possibly different depending on the status of the participants (professional vs volunteer firefighters). ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to explore and predict post-traumatic growth, post-traumatic stress disorder and coping strategies in a sample of French professional and volunteer firefighters. MethodA mixed research methodology was used. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief-Cope Inventory, and a semi-structured research interview were used with sixteen participants, divided into two equal groups: a group of eight professional firefighters and a group of eight volunteer firefighters. ResultsPost-traumatic growth was predicted at 63.4 % by traumatic symptomatology (altered arousal and reactivity) and by coping strategies (avoidance and positive thoughts). Spiritual changes predicted post-traumatic distress at 24.9 %. Firefighters who were not parents had more post-traumatic growth and positive thoughts than those who had children. There were no statistical difference between the volunteer and professional firefighter groups. Volunteer firefighters felt more vulnerable to critical incidents than professional firefighters because they have access to fewer effective resources. ConclusionPost-traumatic growth among firefighters could be explained by post-traumatic distress and coping strategies. Other factors influencing post-traumatic growth would need to be investigated (coping flexibility, parenting, a sense of self-efficacy).