Republic Of Tatarstan Research Articles

Диагностика трудностей в обучении в области социальной адаптации у младших школьников

<p>The work is the result of studying the difficulties in teaching younger schoolchildren in the field of social adaptation. The materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample (N=2030) of students aged 9-11 years in various regions of the Russian Federation (Republic of Tatarstan (20,5%), Lipetsk Region (16,5%), Volgograd Region (20,0%), Chuvash Republic (22,4%), Samara Region (20,5%)) are presented. The method "Strengths and difficulties" by R.N. Goodman (SST) was used, which allows to assess behavior, emotional sphere and relationships with peers, the method of self-assessment and the level of claims by Dembo-Rubinstein modified by A.M. Prihozhan and the Scale of apparent anxiety CMAS by J. Taylor in the adaptation of A.M. Prihozhan. The results obtained make it possible to say that the difficulties of establishing cooperative or friendly relations with peers, rejection by peers, aggressiveness towards others, irritability, difficulty or unwillingness to follow the rules of behavior are the most characteristic for younger schoolchildren. In girls of primary school age, emotional difficulties come to the fore, i.e. they are more susceptible to stress and its manifestations, anxiety and fears, while girls are more prone to manifestations of voluntary behavior designed to benefit another person and society as a whole, adherence to generally accepted rules, attentiveness to others.</p>

Features of salmonellosis outbreak among employees of the Joint-Stock Company «Holding Company TEMPO»

In recent years, salmonellosis has remained an urgent problem in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Tatarstan. Annually from 2012 to 2022 in the Republic of Tatarstan, the proportion of cases of salmonellosis in the structure of the incidence of AKI is on average 6.3 % (in the Russian Federation — 4.9 %). In the ranking of the economic damage caused by infectious diseases in the republic, salmonella infection takes 11–14 places annually. Group foci of salmonellosis in the republic are registered sporadically, from 2013 to 2021. 8 group foci with the number of 96 people affected were registered. The article presents the results of the assessment of the epidemiological features of the outbreak of salmonella infection among employees of a large enterprise of the Joint-Stock Company «Holding Company «TEMPO» in Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan in October 2022. The materials used are emergency notices for patients, an act of sanitary and epidemiological examination (investigation), an act of epidemiological investigation of the focus of an infectious (parasitic) disease with the establishment of a causal relationship, test reports. It was found that the number of cases was 254 people, all adults. The source of infection is the staff of the canteen of the enterprise, where the sick employees of the enterprise ate. The transfer factor was the use of raw cabbage, which was part of 3 salads, including cabbage salad, vinaigrette, cabbage with beans. The isolation of one type of the causative agent of salmonellosis from patients and from environmental objects is evidence of a link between cases of diseases and food contaminated with this pathogen. The well-established organization of operational interaction in the anti-epidemic work of infectious, epidemiological services and laboratory network in the system of sanitary-epidemiological service and health care allowed to establish a cause-and-effect relationship of the occurrence of group morbidity in the shortest possible time, to localize the focus within 7 days.

Microbial Diversity of the Produced Waters from the Oilfields in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation): Participation in Biocorrosion

A variety of microorganisms grow in oil reservoirs, where they participate in the biodegradation of oil and lead to changes in oil quality. Today, our knowledge about microbial processes in oil reservoirs is largely limited, and among the urgent tasks for the oil industry, monitoring and controlling microbial activity (including the activity of microbes responsible for biocorrosion) are important. In this work, we aimed to characterize the bacterial community structure of the produced waters from oilfields in the south of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russian Federation) using cultural and molecular methods of analysis. Bacteria from produced water samples from various oil wells were enriched, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to assess the phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial communities. Thus, analysis of the bacterial communities revealed the presence of various members within the genera Desulfotomaculum, Clostridium, Acetobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Dethiosulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Fusibacter, Dethiosulfatibacter, Thermovirga, Sphaerochaeta, and Desulfoplanes, but in different produced water samples. The role of the bacterial associations in biocorrosion was separately assessed in experiments on monitoring and stimulating biocorrosion. The bacterial community receiving additional nutrition was shown to have a higher corrosion potential, and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed changes in the surface of the metal coupons during immersion testing. The practical value of this research lies in identifying the potential contribution of microbial communities to oil pipeline corrosion.

Effect of the duration of temporary disability in dental diseases on the economically active population of the region: On the example of the Republic of Tatarstan

BACKGROUND: Morbidity with a temporary disability is an informative objective criterion for assessing the health status of the working population. The special literature describes data on research activities of temporary disability examination services; however, the issues of clinical and statistical analyses of the duration of temporary disability in dental diseases and factors affecting it at the regional level have not been sufficiently investigated.
 AIM: To determine the average duration of temporary disability for each class of dental morbidity at the regional level through clinical and statistical analyses.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of temporary disability established by dental medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan for 11 years were analyzed retrospectively. To calculate the intensive indicators, data of working patients who received dental treatment during the study period were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.
 RESULTS: The average duration of temporary disability for each class of dental morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan was 7.02±0.09 days. In addition, the duration of temporary disability in each group of dental diseases was influenced by the following factors: type of nosology, sex and age of the patient, and doctor’s experience. The duration was statistically significantly different depending on the nosological group of dental diseases (p 0.001). The average duration of cases was the greatest in patients with developmental abnormalities and injuries of the maxillofacial region, in whom surgical treatment and follow-up were performed on an outpatient basis (12.18±1.26 and 12.16±0.36 days, respectively).
 CONCLUSION: This clinical and statistical study allows us to obtain reliable information about the state of dental morbidity in the economically active population of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is the basis for planning preventive measures, appropriate comprehensive treatment, and rehabilitation of patients.

Показатели первичной медико-санитарной помощи населению с учетом медико-демографических особенностей региона.

One of the pertinent issues in practical healthcare is the enhancement of the organization of primary medical and sanitary assistance (PMSA) to the population. The evaluation of the quality, completeness, and adequacy of PMSA is inherently linked to medicodemographic indicators such as population size, age structure, and life expectancy. Additionally, issues related to the accessibility of PMSA for the population are of considerable importance. This study aims to conduct a statistical analysis of indicators of primary medical and sanitary assistance, including consideration of the medicodemographic characteristics of the region. This involves the analysis of specific demographic indicators in the Republic of Tatarstan over the past decade, an examination of the number of outpatient clinic visits in the regions and cities of the Republic of Tatarstan during the period 2018–2022, an assessment of the population’s provision with outpatient and polyclinic institutions (OPI) in Kazan and the regions of the Republic of Tatarstan during the period 2018–2022, and an analysis of the number of paramedical obstetric points in the Republic of Tatarstan during the period 2018–2022. It was observed that in the Republic of Tatarstan, there is an increase in population size and life expectancy during the studied period. The dynamics of the number of visits to OPI during the period from 2018–2022 revealed a pattern of reduced attendance during the COVID‑19 pandemic, followed by an increase in the indicator to levels comparable to the pre-COVID era. It was also noted that in the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole, there is an overall increase in the provision of OPI by 3.4% during the period from 2018 to 2022, and in Kazan, the increase is 8.6%. Intra-regional differentiation of the regions of the Republic of Tatarstan was identified, with areas exhibiting positive and negative trends in attendance and provision indicators for OPI.

Content of Gentiopicroside in Natural Populations of Gentiana cruciata L., Growing in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan

This report contains the results of quantitative analysis of primary iridoid gentiopicroside, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in the shoots, rhizomes, and roots of cross gentian (Gentiana cruciata L.) plants collected in natural phytocenoses of Alekseevskii, Zelenodol’skii, and Apastovskii raions in the Republic of Tatarstan. The content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in herbs was determined spectrophotometrically. It was shown that the greatest content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in above-ground parts was 19.4 and 10.80 mg/g in Zelenodol’skii and Alekseevskii raions and that in the rhizomes and roots was 8.53 and 1.96 mg/g in Apastovskii raion. By the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, it was shown that the greatest quantity of gentiopicroside (more than 9%) was accumulated in the underground part of plants, whereas the above-ground part contained approximately 6% of this compound. Thus, cross gentian growing in plant communities located in these raions differed in the content of biologically active substances, which probably depended on the joint effect of ecological and cenotic characteristics of habitats. The results of phytochemical analysis suggest that Apastovskii raion in the Republic of Tatarstan may be a promising locality for picking and preparing medicinal herbs with a high content of main iridoid gentiopicroside.

Phenolic Compounds of Plants Bidens tripartita (L.) and Bidens pilosa (L.) from Different Locations

Bidens tripartita L. and Bidens pilosa L. are potential sources of biologically active substances with antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other activities. These types of strings are widely used in different countries in phytomedicine. It was established that the studied species are rich in a variety of phenolic compounds, and plants growing in temperate continental (Tatarstan) and tropical (Burundi) climates differ slightly in the content of phenolic compounds, which indicates a genetically determined narrow amplitude of variability in the metabolism of these species. Qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds showed that the studied plant species synthesize certain groups of compounds for adaptation to specific environmental conditions. Kirimiro in the Republic of Burundi and Spassky raion in the Republic of Tatarstan can be considered as promising areas for growing and collecting the plant species under study. Temperature, altitude, rainfall, and soil composition are key factors affecting phenolic content in B. pilosa and B. tripartita plants.

Socio-psychological indicators of personal safety in the educational environment

This article is devoted to the problem of psychological safety of the individual in the educational environment. The characteristics of security, safety and trust in relations with teachers and peers were studied in the adolescent and youth group. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of some socio-psychological indicators of personal security in the educational environment in connection with the aggressiveness and level of depression of students. A continuous monitoring of the safety of the educational environment was carried out using the cross-sectional method through an electronic survey. Methods: A Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), a Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ-24), questionnaire. Sampling: 244,143 students of 6–11 grades of schools, colleges and universities of the Republic of Tatarstan; 52,7% of boys and 47,3% of girls; age from 12 to 23 years. The risk group included 860 people with a high total index of aggressiveness and depression (0,35% of the total sampling, 64% of them are boys). The study found that students at risk group are exposed to bullying in the educational environment more often than their peers. They describe relationships with peers and teachers as unsafe and note a lack of help and support. Aggressiveness and the level of depression have statistically significant correlations (p 0,001) with all manifestations of violence and insecurity and can serve as reliable and valid subjective markers of a person's psychological safety in the educational space. In this way, the socio-psychological indicators of psychological safety in the educational environment are the characteristics of relations between the subjects of educational interaction, personal experience of bullying, insecurity, lack of support, aggressiveness and the level of depression of students. The results of the study can be used to prevent deviant behavior among adolescents who are most vulnerable to negative social influences.

Content of Gentiopicroside in Natural Populations of Gentiana cruciata L., Growing in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan

Content of Gentiopicroside in Natural Populations of Gentiana cruciata L., Growing in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan

Changes in composition and structure of nitrogenous bases of resin components of heavy oil from the Nurlatskoe oilfield in the course of thermal decomposition

The relevance. The need to obtain information on heat treatment effect on composition and structure of nitrogenous bases of resin components of heavy oil from the Nurlatskoe field (Republic of Tatarstan) to solve the problems associated with their negative impact on oil refining. The aim. To characterize the composition of nitrogenous organic bases, isolated from the resins of bituminous oil of the Nurlatskoe field, and the products of their thermal cracking. Methods. Complex formation, extraction, liquid adsorption chromatography, potentiometric titration, 1H NMR spectroscopy, structural group analysis, combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. Based on a comparative study of the composition and structure of nitrogenous bases of the initial and thermally treated resins of the bituminous oil from the Nurlatskoe field, the authors found out that they both contain high- and low-molecular nitrogenous bases with predominance of high-molecular compounds precipitated by hydrogen chloride. As a result of thermal exposure, the number of such bases increases due to an increase in the proportion of compounds with shorter alkyl substituents in their composition. The method of structural group analysis was used to show that the main directions of thermal transformations of high- and low-molecular bases of resins in Nurlatskoe oil are destruction of alkyl substituents and cyclization of shortened alkyl chains with formation of naphthenic rings. Among the lowest molecular weight bases of the initial resins and thermolysate the authors have identified alkyl-substituted quinolines, benzoquinolines, azapyrenes, thiophenoquinolines, and benzothiophenoquinolines with similar molecular weight distributions. During the thermolysis of resins, the relative content of low molecular weight homologues in the identified nitrogenous bases increases. The share of structures with reduced chromatographic mobility caused by a decrease in the degree of spatial screening of a nitrogen atom increases among similar homologues.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ РТА У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ТИПА СЕМЬИ И МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕБЕНКА

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the prevalence of oral mucosa diseases in preschool children living in the Republic of Tatarstan, taking into account family type and morphofunctional development. The subject of the study is diseases of the oral mucosa in preschool children.
 The goal is to study the effect of family type on the occurrence of oral mucosal diseases in preschool children depending on their morphofunctional development.
 Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of the UniDent dental clinics chain, as well as in the «Fairy Tale» preschool commercial institution and municipal preschool institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan. The voluntary study involved 2,556 children of both sexes from 2,429 families. The children examined were divided into groups depending on the type of family. The study identified 5 types of families: full families, single-parent families, extended families, restored families, and replacement families.
 Results and discussion. The most vulnerable were children from the replacement families, the prevalence of which reached 100%, the least prone children from full families – 40.7%. Some of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa were acute herpes stomatitis and traumatic injuries of oral mucosa. Analysis showed that the group of 4.6–6 years recorded the highest prevalence of diseases. No significant difference was found in the study of the effect of sex on the occurrence of oral mucosa diseases.
 Conclusions. The results of the study indicate a high prevalence of oral mucosal diseases, however, the disparate prevalence of these diseases in children depending on the type of family. There were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of oral mucosal disease. The data obtained on the high prevalence of oral diseases among preschool children indicate a steady increase in dental morbidity, as well as the influence of the child's family type.

Transformation of Fresh Groundwater Composition over Time in the Republic of Tatarstan

The spatio-temporal variability of fresh groundwater composition was analyzed in four regions with different natural and technogenic conditions. The results obtained show no significant changes in the groundwater composition of the agricultural areas over the last 60 years. As for the industrial oil refinery zone, intense groundwater pollution was observed only in the nearby areas of sludge reservoirs and waste landfills. However, it did not extend further than 1.0–1.5 km in the direction of the filtration flows. This is partly due to the high buffer capacity of the geological environment. In the areas with intensive oil production, the composition of fresh groundwater changed most negatively over long distances. Depending on the temporal concentration gradients, the following four degrees of change in the groundwater composition were distinguished: extremely weak, weak, medium, and high. The latter two were typical of the central parts of the oil-bearing areas, with the groundwater mineralization in the upper part of the section reaching 10 g/L and the hardness of 70 mmol/L.

Biological and economic features of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya

Relevance. The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the zone of risky fruit growing. In winter, frosts below -35 °C, thaws are not uncommon here, in spring during flowering – frosts, in summer – hot and dry weather. During the growing season, diseases are widespread – scab, moniliosis, pests – flower beetles, aphids, codling moths. All these factors negatively affect the yield and quality of fruits of apple varieties. To increase the production of apple fruits in the Republic of Tatarstan, new high-yielding varieties of apple trees, adaptive to abiotic and biotic stressors, with fruits of good taste, high content of nutrients and biologically active substances, and long shelf life, are needed.Methods. The purpose of the research is the biological and economic evaluation of the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan. Winter hardiness, productivity, yield, scab susceptibility of apple varieties, damage by aphids, fruit taste and economic efficiency were evaluated according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.Results. Average for 2019–2022 in the new apple variety Renet Povolzhya, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 3 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.6 points, productivity – 12.9 kg, yield – 5, 2 t/ha, fruit taste – 4.3 points, profit per 1 ha of orchard – 7.4 thousand rubles, profitability level – 10.5%. In the standard apple variety Antonovka ordinary, the total degree of freezing was 1.3 points, flowering strength – 2.6 points, leaf damage by scab – 2.3 points, leaf damage by aphids – 2.9 points, productivity – 10.3 kg, yield – 4.1 t/ha, fruit taste – 3.9 points.

Features of Angioarchitectonics of Uterus in Uterine Leiomyoma: a Series of Clinical Observations

INTRODUCTION: One of most important problems in the gynecological practice is the choice of the treatment method of uterine leiomyoma. Uterine artery embolization has been practiced in the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan), since 2004. Individual peculiarities of blood supply to the uterus and ovaries become the cause of failure of the endovascular treatment of patients with uterine leiomyoma in 20%–25% of cases forcing the doctors to resort to traditional surgical methods. The article presents a series of clinical cases demonstrating variants of angioarchitectonics of uterus and the results of the analysis of uterine artery embolization (UAE, n = 1743) performed at the department of X-ray surgical methods of diagnostics and treatment in the Primary healthcare unit of Kazan (Privolzhsk) Federal University.
 CONCLUSION: Endovascular occlusion of uterine arteries in patients with uterine myoma is a fairly effective method of treatment of this disease, and an adequate assessment of the peculiarities of the angioarchitectonics of uterus in uterine myoma permits to considerably increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the frequency of complications. The presented series of clinical observations from the clinical archive of the authors’ team demonstrates the variants of angioarchitectonics of uterus.

Analysis of the epidemiological situation of community-acquired pneumonia in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period from 2012 to 2021

The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia is an urgent problem of modern healthcare due to its high prevalence, which creates an additional burden on intensively working healthcare systems. An analysis of the epidemiological situation with this nosology over a ten-year period is relevant, since it will allow developing or adjusting measures to reduce the incidence and prevent community-acquired pneumonia in the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of this study — to study the dynamics and trends in the incidence of community acquired pneumonia in the population of the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 2012–2021. The study used data from official statistical information of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Republic of Tatarstan, statistical reference books of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2012–2021. The design of the study is a descriptive and evaluative epidemiological study as part of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of CAP in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2012–2021. with an analysis of the long-term dynamics of the incidence of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan with the calculation of intensive incidence rates. When assessing the long-term dynamics of the incidence (2012–2021) of community-acquired pneumonia in the Republic of Tatarstan, a trend towards an increase in the incidence was revealed at an average rate of 27.4 ± 0.5 % per year (ρ = 0,748, р < 0,005) (2,3). The indicated trend rate increased the incidence of CAP over 10 years from 451.3 cases per 100 thousand us to 934.3 per 100 thousand us, or 2 times (2.3). The obtained results of assessing the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia over a ten-year period in the Republic of Tatarstan indicate the need for a detailed analysis of the monitoring system for patients with community-acquired pneumonia, as well as the need to improve it to increase the level of preventive measures.

Characteristics of CF patients over 18 years of age in the Republic of Tatarstan

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease characterized by the defeat of all exocrine glands, vital organs and systems. Currently, the life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis is increasing due to the development of new therapies.Goal. Analysis of the results of a comprehensive examination of patients with cystic fibrosis under the supervision of a pulmonologist of Republican Clinical Hospital (RCH) of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan.Materials and methods. The analysis of the database of patients with cystic fibrosis, older than 18 years, registered in the Regional Center of cystic fibrosis of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT).Results. As of April 2023, 47 patients over the age of 18 with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis were registered in the RCH of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a positive sweat sample and/or a genetic study. The age of patients is from 18 to 39 years (26.1 ± 1.1 years). Women – 49%, men – 51%. Median body weight – 51.5 kg, height – 165 cm, BMI – 18.05 kg/m2. 25 patients (53.2%) had a BMI of less than 18.5 kg/m2. Among patients in RT, the most common mutation is F508del. When assessing the microbiological profile of the respiratory tract, chronic infection was detected in 37 patients (78.7%). Ps. aeruginosa (66.0%) and S.aureus (35.6%) were the most frequently sown. The average FVC indicators were 72.6 ± 4.3% predicted values, the average FEV1 indicators were 61.6 ± 28.1% predicted values.Conclusion. On the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in patients with cystic fibrosis, the F508del mutation was detected in 30 (66.7%) adult patients, 9 of whom receive targeted therapy elecsacaftor / tezacaftor / ivacaftor+ ivacaftor with a pronounced positive effect. The high incidence of P. aeruginosa infection (66.0%) and a decrease in respiratory function among adult patients indicate a more severe course of cystic fibrosis.

Assessment of the Need for Staff of Public Libraries of the Subjects of the Russian Federation

The monitoring of the staffing needs of public libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, conducted by the Russian State Library, shows the dynamics of the regional library policy and allows us to determine the vectors of development of the human resources potential of libraries in the near future.The staffing needs of public libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation — participants of the monitoring, their size and professional structure are different and are mainly conditioned by the size of the regional library network, the level of staffing in the region and the professional composition of library staff. These factors directly determine the indicators of staffing needs of libraries in the near future.The needs for library specialists with higher profile education prevail in relation to other professional groups. However, the absolute indicator of these needs does not exceed half of the regions’ staffing needs and accounts for 43.07 percent of their total number. At the same time, the average value of the relative indicator of the regions’ needs in library specialists with higher profile education is only 29.7 staff units.The need for library specialists with secondary non-core and core additional education remains high. Based on the requests of libraries, their number should be increased by 5.76 percent of the available number.The regional comparative-correlation analysis of the need for library specialists revealed that there is a great need for specialists with higher profile education in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which have specialised universities that train bachelors and masters in “Library and Information Activities” (Republic of Tatarstan — 77 specialists, Altai Krai — 87, Krasnodar Krai — 174, Samara Oblast — 127). Perhaps, the high demand is due to the low availability of specialists with higher profile education in libraries in these regions (on average — 33.21%).The monitoring data indicate an increased need of public libraries for IT specialists: it amounts to 11.65% of the total staffing needs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Based on the stated needs, the number of IT-specialists should be increased by 30.42%. At the same time, the need for IT specialists with higher profile education significantly exceeds the need for specialists with secondary profile education: 71.45% to 19.35% respectively.The needs of libraries in specialists of other professions are relatively small and occupy 8.43 percent of their total staffing needs. Of these, 71.65 percent are specialists with higher professional education.

Regional import substitution policy amid economic sanctions: The case of the Republic of Tatarstan

The exhaustion of the traditional raw material export model, which results in a growing dependence of the core economic industries on imported goods and components, makes it increasingly relevant to develop tools for finding promising areas of import substitution. The paper proposes a methodology for assessing imported commodity groups to identify the priority areas for import substitution in a region. The theoretical framework of the study includes comparative and competitive advantage theories, as well as the concepts of production concentration, clusters, and industrial complexes. The research methods of economic-statistical, structural analyses and clustering were applied. The statistical data were retrieved from the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), and the Unified Interdepartmental Statistical Information System (EMISS). The proposed methodology was tested using the case of imports and exports in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2013–2021. We identified four key commodity clusters for import substitution, which account for more than 40 % of the region’s current imports, these are 1) the important localized import-dependent commodity groups a) having potential for import substitution in the region (tools, petroleum products), b) promising for import substitution in the RF (equipment and mechanical devices, furniture), as well as 2) the important non-specific import-dependent commodities a) having potential for import substitution (paints, electrical machines), and b) promising for import substitution (milk, clothing). The largest producers of the Republic of Tatarstan were identified for each cluster. Matrix modeling showed that some commodity groups are positioned in the area of the region’s low specialization, low localization and share of imports, which are typically grouped into three additional clusters that do not require enhanced policy on import substitution: growing import-dependent goods (grain, etc.), goods requiring no particular attention (silk, wool, etc.), and significant import-dependent goods (essential oils, etc.). The research findings can be used by regional ministries and departments when making strategic decisions on import substitution.

Pitrau Festival: A Celebration of Cultural Heritage and Kryashen Identity

Pitrau is the name given by Kryashens to the Christian Feast of Saints Peter and Paul. Kryashens are Turkic-speaking people, most of whom live in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in Russia. The traditional celebration of the Festival of Pitrau involved folk traditions closely connected to significant seasonal agricultural events. In recent decades, the Festival of Pitrau has become a well-known cultural event in the Republic of Tatarstan. This festival has acquired new meaning, becoming a space to celebrate Kryashen culture and an opportunity to display Kryashen culture to outsiders, with an emphasis on Kryashen identity. This article discusses the roots of the celebration of this famous festival, its past and present traditions, and how and why this festival acquired its new significance.

The level of public confidence in the healthcare system on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan: author's approach

The level of public confidence in the healthcare system on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan: author's approach