Republic Of Tatarstan Research Articles

POLYMORPHISM OF LIPID METABOLISM GENES IN TATARSTAN-TYPE COWS

POLYMORPHISM OF LIPID METABOLISM GENES IN TATARSTAN-TYPE COWS

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И АДАПТИВНОСТЬ ГИБРИДОВ ОЗИМОЙ РЖИ КОМПАНИИ КВС В УСЛОВИЯХ ПРЕДКАМЬЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

Increasing the grain yield of winter rye, which occupies the fourth place of grain produced in the Republic of Tatarstan, remains relevant. The purpose of the study is to identify the most productive hybrid of winter rye of the KVS company in the conditions of gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments and laboratory studies were conducted in 2022-2023 at Agrobiotechnopark LLC at the Kazan State Agrarian University. Agrochemical indicators of gray forest soils were as follows: the content of humus in the arable layer was more than 3.0 %, mobile phosphorus was very high 250-275 mg/kg (according to Kirsanov), exchangeable potassium was increased 121-170 mg/kg. The reaction of the soil medium was close to neutral (pH 6.6). The dry mass of roots and stems in the phases of tube entry and earing over the years of research in the hybrid of winter rye Tayo exceeded the indicators of the Aviator and Ravo hybrids. On average, over two years, the dry weight of the ear of the Aviator hybrid in the phase of milk ripeness was 0.77 g, in Equal to 0.74 g, in Tayo 0.81 g. Compared with other hybrids, field germination and safety of seedlings for harvesting were higher in the Tayo hybrid by 80.9 % and 86.9 %. Increased indicators for the number of productive stems per unit area of 584 pcs./m2, the number of spikelets and grains in 1 ear for the Tayo hybrid subsequently contributed to obtaining the highest biological yield. In a favorable 2022, winter rye hybrids generated high yields, in particular Aviator 8.05 t/ha, Pravo 8.06 t/ha, Tayo 8.74 t/ha. In 2023, the lowest yield according to experiments was obtained for the Ravo hybrid – 5.44 t/ha, and for the Aviator hybrid - 6.62 t/ha. A consistently high yield was formed by the Tayo hybrid – 7.03 t/ha.

Inborn errors of immunity: features of epidemiology and continuity of medical care in the Republic of Tatarstan

BACKGROUND: Currently, inborn errors of immunity represent one of the most interesting problems in clinical immunology. The data obtained in the field of studying pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations, expanding diagnostic capabilities, including molecular genetic methods, formed the basis for revising the classification and introducing new modern treatment methods. The study of regional characteristics of inborn errors of immunity is important because it allows us to determine epidemiological indicators, clinical features of diseases and evaluate the therapy being carried out.
 AIM: To assess the effectiveness and level of continuity of medical care in the Republic of Tatarstan based on an epidemiological analysis of a group of patients diagnosed with primary immunodeficiency.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: analysis of the register of patients living in the Republic of Tatarstan with an established diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency, observed from 1994 to 2023. A total of 240 patients were included in the study.
 RESULTS: An epidemiological analysis of inborn errors of immunity in the Republic of Tatarstan revealed an overall prevalence of 6.0 per 100,000 population, with the status "alive" ― 4.98 per 100,000 population, excluding patients with selective IgA deficiency ― 5.3 and 4.4 per 100,000 population, respectively, with a high proportion of patients over 18 years of age (53%), with the largest group of patients having defects in antibody production (42%).
 CONCLUSION: The increasing relevance of the problem of primary immunodeficiency requires special attention to the organization of medical care for patients with primary immunodeficiency, increasing continuity between specialized pediatric services and the adult network, as well as developing issues of interdisciplinary interaction.

Legal Training of Surgeons of the Republic of Tatarstan Based on the Experience of Participation in Criminal Proceedings in “Medical” Cases

Relevance In modern realities, medical workers, primarily representatives of surgical specialties, are increasingly faced with the need to have legal literacy, since medical activities associated with surgical practice are associated with high legal risks.Aim of study Studying the legal training of surgeons in the Republic of Tatarstan based on the experience of participating in criminal proceedings in cases related to improper provision of medical care.Material and methods During the period from May 15 to May 31, 2021, an anonymous survey of 124 surgeons from various medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of 13 multiple-choice questions with an additional field for comments. The participation in the survey was voluntary, and the questions were devoted to the experience of participation in criminal proceedings in “medical” cases and the need for legal training in this matter.Results Among those surveyed, 51.5% of respondents at least once during the years of their career gave explanations to law enforcement agencies regarding the unfavorable outcome of medical care, and 38.7% were directly involved in a criminal case. According to 52.2% of respondents, the most common reason for complaints to law enforcement agencies is the inadequacy/bad manners of patients. The vast majority of doctors surveyed are guided in their activities by currently existing procedures, orders, standards and clinical recommendations. However, more than 37% of doctors have no idea how to act in the event of a criminal case being initiated due to an unfavorable outcome of medical care, and for 71.0%, medico-legal training is “highly relevant”.Conclusion The problem of criminal liability for improper provision of medical care for surgeons in the Republic of Tatarstan is extremely relevant. There is an urgent need to develop interdisciplinary formats for interaction between the medical, forensic and legal communities in order to improve the legal literacy of medical workers and reduce criminal risks in surgical practice.

Forest Community Spatial Modeling Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing Data

This study examines the application of unsupervised classification techniques in the mapping of forest vegetation, aiming to align vegetation cover with the Braun-Blanquet classification system through remote sensing. By leveraging Landsat 8 and 9 satellite imagery and advanced clustering algorithms, specifically the Weka X-Means, this research addresses the challenge of minimizing researcher subjectivity in vegetation mapping. The methodology incorporates a two-step clustering approach to accurately classify forest communities, utilizing a comprehensive set of vegetation indices to distinguish between different types of forest ecosystems. The validation of the classification model relied on a detailed analysis of over 17,000 relevés from the “Flora” database, ensuring a high degree of accuracy in matching satellite-derived vegetation classes with field observations. The study’s findings reveal the successful identification of 44 forest community types that was aggregated into seven classes of Braun-Blanquet classification system, demonstrating the efficacy of unsupervised classification in generating reliable vegetation maps. This work not only contributes to the advancement of remote sensing applications in ecological research, but also provides a valuable tool for natural resource management and conservation planning. The integration of unsupervised classification with the Braun-Blanquet system presents a novel approach to vegetation mapping, offering insights into ecological characteristics, and can be good starter point for sequestration potential of forest communities’ assessment in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Развитие сельских территорий и сельскохозяйственного производства

The object of research is the rural territories of the Republic of Tatarstan. Among the many functions performed by rural areas, we consider production to be the most important. The importance of state support in the development of rural areas, the relationship between the development of rural areas and agricultural production is shown.

РАЗВИТИЕ ИНСТИТУТОВ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ АПК НА ОСНОВЕ ESG-КОНЦЕПЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН)

Currently, companies around the world are faced with the task of not only increasing their own efficiency and competitiveness, but also complying with the principles of sustainable development. The relevance of this task is determined by increasing climate change and social problems, which force stakeholders to put forward new demands for environmental responsibility and social commitment of business. The ESG concept is a modern concept of doing business based on the principles of sustainable development. It should be noted that the application of ESG in agribusinesses is particularly specific due to the dual role they play in society and the economy: on the one hand, being large sources of greenhouse gas emissions and consumers of natural resources, on the other hand, ensuring food security and promoting development rural areas. The object of the study is the system of sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the study is to characterize the potential of the ESG concept for the development of sustainable development institutions in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan and to identify the most effective practices for strengthening the integration of ESG principles into the activities of agro-industrial enterprises. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature on the topic of ESG and sustainable development in the agro-industrial complex, statistical analysis, general scientific methods. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the possibilities of applying the ESG concept at enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Tatarstan, identifying and systematizing factors that promote or hinder sustainable development in this area.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

In market conditions, the development of private business, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, plays a key role for any country. The effectiveness of this process is one of the main indicators of economic growth and has a direct impact on the composition and quality of national income. The main task of the management personnel of modern enterprises is to create their competitive advantages, which ensures the demand for products sold and financial stability. At the same time, the implementation of this task becomes more complicated in the context of constant foreign economic changes, reinforced by sanctions pressure. In addition, small and medium-sized businesses often face limited access to financial resources, management difficulties and competition from large companies. Analysis and comparative assessment of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses provides an understanding of the key factors influencing the success of these enterprises, and makes it possible to develop strategies and support measures aimed at strengthening their position in the market. The object of the study is the activities of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the region. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of competitiveness of certain areas of small and medium-sized businesses using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Research methods include deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, documentary method, abstract-logical, economic-mathematical and tabular methods. The scientific novelty of the research is the formation of competitiveness criteria, the development of a model for comparative assessment of the competitiveness of small and medium-sized businesses, the application of this model in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plus trees in the Middle and Upper Volga Region with the use of ISSR markers.

One of the serious issues in forest breeding is how to reduce the variability level in breeding populations of forest tree species that is a set of selected plus trees. The problem is that variability is jeopardized by the risk of losing the genetic diversity of future artificial forests, as well as emerging inbreeding depression in the seed plus trees progeny. DNA markers are an effective tool to study variability, identify features of the genetic structure and degree of plant differentiation. The research focuses on assessing the level of the genetic diversity and the degree of differentiation of plus trees of various geographic origin with the use of ISSR markers. We used six ISSR primers to study 270 plus trees grown in the Penza region, the Chuvash Republic, the Republic of Tatarstan and the Mari El Republic. The samples of plus trees under study were characterized by different levels of genetic diversity. Two hundred fifteen PCR fragments were identified for six ISSR primers in total, while the number of amplified fragments varied from 186 to 201 in different plus trees samples. The genetic variability varied within the following limits: 95.7-96.9 %, polymorphic loci; 1.96-1.97, the number of alleles per locus; 1.31-1.48, the number of effective alleles per locus: finally, 0.291-0.429, Shannon's index; 0.205-0.298, the expected heterozygosity. According to the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), 82 % of the variability of ISSR markers is typical for the plus tree samples, while only 18 % is variability among the compared groups of trees from different geographical zones. The dendrogram generated by UPGMA showed that the plus trees grown in the Penza region, the Chuvash Republic and the Republic of Tatarstan are similar in term of the genetic structure of plus trees, while the plus gene pool of Scots pine from the Mari El Republic stands alone. The results of the research prove that the level of genetic diversity, the structure of genetic variability, and the nature of differentiation of plus trees are consistent with those previously elicited for natural populations of Scots pine in the Middle and Upper Volga region.

Features of the formation of the ontogenetic structure of the cenopopulation and seed productivity of <i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i> in the conditions of forest and forest‐steppe vegetation of the Middle Volga region, Russia

The purpose of this work is to study the features of the life cycle of Sanguisorba officinalis in various types of vegetation in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. We used traditional methods for studying the cenopopulation, analysis of the calendar age of plants of various ontogenetic states, and potential and actual seed productivity. Under broad‐leaved forest conditions, a young normal population was formed on the basis of slowly developing plants. In conditions of open communities, young cenopopulations were formed on the basis of intensive seed reproduction processes. The young cenopopulation can be recommended for further study in biomass exploitation. The predominance of long‐lived vegetative and immature plants in the conditions of a broad‐leaved forest is associated with difficulties in the transition of individuals to sexual reproduction. The maintenance of numbers is carried out through vegetative growth and reproduction. With deterioration of ecological and coenotic conditions, above‐ground shoots were not formed but regressive‐quasisenile coenopopulations were formed. Seed productivity was determined by ecological and cenotic conditions. On the steppe meadow of the Bugulma district, the lowest seed productivity index was 9 %. The lowest indicator of the trait “Number of full‐fledged seeds” (the average indicator was 7), low seed germination and germination energy were also noted there. The highest values of these indicators were noted n glades of the broad‐leaved areas of the same region. The realization of the reproductive system of Sanguisorba officinalis even under extreme conditions and the survival of the species in various types of vegetation suggest that the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is included in the ceno‐area of the species. This will permit the creation of plantations in the republic.

АНАЛИЗ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКИХ ПОРТАЛОВ И ИНТЕРАКТИВНЫХ КАРТ В СФЕРЕ ТУРИЗМА

Currently, the tourism industry is actively using and applying various information technologies. Digitalization is changing both the sphere itself and the demands of tourists in the quality-of-service provision. The use of travel portals has long been used in the field of tourism, as thanks to such portals you can organize your travels. This article discusses the creation of a tourist portal for the Republic of Tatarstan based on the tourist and recreational potential.

РАЗВИТИЕ КРЕАТИВНОГО ТУРИЗМА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТУРИСТСКО-РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

Recently, the widespread digitalization of society and the development of the creative economy have led to changes in the structure and value of the goods and services provided. The basis of the creative economy is innovation. To create any new ideas, it is necessary to use a non-standard approach and solutions. The development of creative industries, in turn, has a beneficial effect on economic growth and raises the interaction between consumers and producers to a new level. Creative technologies in tourism are a relatively new direction, as they focus on unique and unusual forms of travel and entertainment. The article discusses the main forms and directions of creative tourism, and also focuses on cultural features that may also interest and attract tourists. The basis for the development of creative tourism on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is the tourism and recreational potential, which makes it possible to organize completely new routes and fully reflect the rich culture of the republic. Also, the development of creative industries, combined with its potential, will have a beneficial effect on the development of local crafts and deeper mutual understanding and respect for culture and traditions. The article analyzes the tourism and recreational potential using the scoring method of Yu.A. Khudenkikh and assesses the degree of his influence on the development of creative tourism in the Republic of Tatarstan. An analysis is given of existing events that can have an impact and attract new tourists to the territory of the republic.

Association of <i>FGF2</i> gene polymorphism with economically significant traits of Holstein cows of the Republic of Tatarstan

Improving the reproductive functions of dairy cows may be possible through the use of marker-associated breeding. The FGF2 gene is a candidate gene for bovine fertility, in early pregnancy and affects fetal embryonic development and embryonic mortality. The study of the interaction of the gene of the basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2 – SNP11646 [A → G]) and economic indicators was carried out on 270 full-aged cows of Holstein population of indigenous selection of Breeding Farm Integrated Agricultural Production Center of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the observed population, the G allele (0.591) and the AG genotype (42.6%) are the most common, and the genetic balance, according to the Hardy-Weinberg law, is preserved. Pearson's consensus criterion is 2χ=3.84, respectively, the expected distribution of FGF2 gene alleles in the study group coincides with the observed one. The maximum live weight at the first fruitful insemination was in full–aged cows carrying the homozygous allele A at the FGF2 gene locus – 435.5 kg, which is higher than in livestock with the GG genotype – by 17.7 kg (4.2 %; p < 0.01). The Doha fertility index for the studied population is average. It was revealed during the study that the level of fertility, with a high degree of reliability, is higher in individuals with the AG genotype – 6.2%, for the same group the earliest age of the first fruitful insemination was noted. A high level of maleness leads to milk losses in cows heterozygous for the FGF2 gene locus, exceeding milk losses observed for the AA genotype by 32.7 % (p < 0.001). There is an inverse correlation between high milk productivity and reproduction traits of cattle, which affects the economic efficiency of dairy production.

Comparative Analysis of Approaches to the Formation of an Institutional Framework for the Development of a Changing Resource Base for Hydrocarbon Production (on the Example of High-viscosity Oils in Alberta (Canada) and the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia))

The modern evolution of the dynamics of the structure of the hydrocarbon resource base in various regions is characterized, as a rule, by the gradual replacement of traditional sources with more complex ones. The latter are currently classified as hard-to-recover reserves (HTRR). The process of mastering and involvement in the development of HTRR is closely related to the transition to an innovative path of development, the creation of new technologies, the strengthening of the role of local knowledge, the accumulation of experience working with non-trivial sources of raw materials, and most importantly, with the efforts cooperation of various participants involved both in scientific and technological processes and in the development of subsurface areas. All of the above is impossible without the formation of an appropriate institutional framework with regional specifics. One example of an approach implemented in this area is the Canadian province - Alberta. There is also some experience in this field in Russia – in the Republic of Tatarstan. In a comparison with the initial conditions and approaches to the development of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon resources in these territories shows that there are both common and distinct features within the framework of the implemented approaches. Consideration of the latter is important from the point of view of choosing the directions for the formation a domestic working model in this area.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВОПРОСОВ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С ФИТОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕМ И ЛЕКАР-СТВЕННЫМ РАСТЕНИЕВОДСТВОДСТВОМ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН.. 90

Any plant phylogenesis is a long-term historical complex of plant species, including elements of different ages, different origins and differing from other floristic complexes in its systematic composition. This complex is a dynamic and unstable phenomenon that changes over time. Its individual elements disperse, or, conversely, remain within the boundaries of their range, de-pending on changes in external ecological and geographical factors. Therefore, when study-ing any floristic composition, it is necessary, first of all, to systematize the plant world. The distribution of species between systematic categories of the highest rank characteristic of each flora. Issues related to the characteristics of the growth, procurement and protection of plant medicinal raw materials are one of the leading links in ongoing activities for the ration-al use of natural resources throughout the world. Medicinal pharmacopoeia plants growing in various regions of Russia are a valuable source of biologically active substances used in med-icine and pharmaceuticals. The study of medicinal plants is important for optimizing the drug production process, as well as for the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources. Methods for studying medicinal pharmacopeial plants include a botanical description of plants, analysis of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of raw materials, the study of factors affecting the quality and quantity of biologically active substances, as well as the development of methods for growing and collecting plants. Much attention is also paid to the issues of sustainable use of medicinal plants and their conservation in natural ecosystems. The study of medicinal pharmacopoeia plants growing in various regions of Russia, including the Republic of Tatarstan, allows us to determine the optimal conditions for their cultivation, evaluate the quality and effectiveness of the raw materials used, and also develop new drugs based on natural components. The more work there is related to the study of the growth of medicinal plants, the more it will contribute to improving medical practice, enriching the range of medicines and providing access to effective and safe medicines.

Structural and Timing Transformations of Fertility ‒ Threats to Demographic Security of the Republic of Tatarstan

Introduction. The relevance of the article is determined by the importance of assessing the determinants of fertility to determine the possible prospects for its change and the correct justification of the directions and measures of demographic policy aimed at increasing it. The aim of the study is to identify the determinants of fertility decline in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020‒2022 in comparison with the pre-pandemic period and to predict their impact. Materials and Methods. The authors have calculated and analyzed the dynamics of age-specific fertility rates in the Republic of Tatarstan. The influence of the structural factor and the factor of birth intensity, as well as the indirect factor ‒ age-specific marriage rates ‒ was estimated. Using the method of age movement, the dynamics of fertility and the impact of these factors on it up to 2042 were forecasted. Results. The decrease in the total fertility rate in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2020‒2022 was due to changes in the sex and age structure of the population. The excess of the total fertility rate of the region over the indicators of the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation is due to higher total coefficients for first and second births. The difference between the average number of first births for real generations and for calendar years is determined by temporal shifts associated with postponement of first births due to late entry into first marriage and registered marriages. Discussion and Conclusion. It is predicted that the number of young people will decrease until 2028 and the number of births until 2031. The negative impact of the factor of the gender and age structure of the population will last until 2030, in the 2030s the structural factor will contribute to an increase in the overall fertility rate. The research results presented in the article can be used to determine hypotheses regarding fertility prospects when developing forecasts for demographic and socio-economic development. Correct assessment of the determinants of fertility provides grounds for the development of effective measures of demographic policy with regard to fertility.

Methodological Activity of the Republican Youth Library of Tatarstan

In recent decades libraries have faced global societal and technological challenges. At the same time, the state support of Russian librarianship is increasing. Libraries have every opportunity for development, they are becoming even more in demand and modern.The Russian Government Order No. 608-r of March 13, 2021 approved the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation until 2030”, which served as a powerful impetus for the improvement of the country’s libraries. “Strategy...” is aimed at comprehensive development of librarianship, modernization of the library system of Russia, preservation and replenishment of library collections, expansion of free and equal access of citizens to information, improvement of the quality of library staff training, introduction of information technologies. The need for scientific and methodological support of library activities is also taken into account. In 2022, the professional standard “Specialist in Library and Information Activities” was approved, which establishes unified requirements for the content and quality of professional activities of specialists in all functional areas of the library.Federal and regional libraries as focal points for other types and kinds of libraries accepted the challenge to change and revised their activities.The library network of the Republic of Tatarstan includes 1508 libraries. The state programme “Development of Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan” was adopted in the region. The experience of the Republican Youth Library as a methodological and coordinating center of libraries of the Republic of Tatarstan working with youth, as well as a project office for the creation of model municipal libraries in the Republic of Tatarstan is presented.

Methodological Activity of the Republican Youth Library of Tatarstan

In recent decades libraries have faced global societal and technological challenges. At the same time, the state support of Russian librarianship is increasing. Libraries have every opportunity for development, they are becoming even more in demand and modern.The Russian Government Order No. 608-r of March 13, 2021 approved the “Strategy for the Development of Librarianship in the Russian Federation until 2030”, which served as a powerful impetus for the improvement of the country’s libraries. “Strategy...” is aimed at comprehensive development of librarianship, modernization of the library system of Russia, preservation and replenishment of library collections, expansion of free and equal access of citizens to information, improvement of the quality of library staff training, introduction of information technologies. The need for scientific and methodological support of library activities is also taken into account. In 2022, the professional standard “Specialist in Library and Information Activities” was approved, which establishes unified requirements for the content and quality of professional activities of specialists in all functional areas of the library.Federal and regional libraries as focal points for other types and kinds of libraries accepted the challenge to change and revised their activities.The library network of the Republic of Tatarstan includes 1508 libraries. The state programme “Development of Culture of the Republic of Tatarstan” was adopted in the region. The experience of the Republican Youth Library as a methodological and coordinating center of libraries of the Republic of Tatarstan working with youth, as well as a project office for the creation of model municipal libraries in the Republic of Tatarstan is presented.

Potential for industrial production development in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in neighbouring regions

Socio-economic development of regions depends on the level of interaction between them on the basis of their industry specialisation. The purpose of the study is to determine the potential for the industrial production development of the regions for further activation of interregional interaction. Types of industrial production of the Republic of Bashkortostan and its neighbouring regions are the object of the study. The paper assesses its development in dynamics and statics by type of activity. Its specialisation is determined, the leading types of economic activity are identified with the use of localisation coefficients and localisation intensity. The development level of industrial production in the Russian Federation and in the regions near the Republic of Bashkortostan have similar trends, however, sharp fluctuations occur in Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions. In these subjects, the largest share in manufacturing belongs to metallurgical production. Also many activities that are to be in the zone of increased localisation in terms of the turnover of an organisation and the number of employees are actually in the zone of low effective localisation. Industrial production in the Udmurt Republic and the Republic of Tatarstan is less affected by the fluctuations. In Bashkortostan, the largest share is occupied by extraction of coke and petroleum products. To strengthen technological sovereignty, it is necessary to activate the interaction between regions in industrial production.

Ergonyms of the thematic group “Educational institutions” of Naberezhnye Chelny

INTRODUCTION. At the present stage of studying proper names, a special place is given to urban ergonyms, which form the urban onomasticon. Ergonyms, being an integral part of the appearance of a modern city, reflect not only the lexical and grammatical systems of the language, but also represent scientific value as an additional source of information about the social, cultural and historical situation in a certain territory. The purpose of the study is to describe the ergonymic space of Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan, which includes the names of educational institutions.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research material is the modern names of educational institutions from the official website of the directory of organizations of the city of Nab erezhnye Chelny 2023. The factual material analysis is carried out based on the use of general li nguistic methods (structural and descriptive), as well as the use of elements of the synchronic method and nominative technique analysis.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. The main technique for creating new ergonyms is symbolic nomination, which is expressed in nomination using metaphor and metonymy. The emergence of innovative ergonyms in the urban space of Naberezhnye Chelny is mainly associated with the appearance of names in the Tatar language, but with the presence of spellings of words dating back to the English language and Russian words in English transcription. The study of urban ergonoms is carried out in three aspects: analysis of the nominative appearance of a modern city, analysis of thematic groups of urban ergonyms and identification of the peculiarities of the functioning of ergonyms in the speech of modern citizens.CONCLUSION. The names of various children's and youth clubs serve as a certain attribute to attract the target audience. Basically, secondary educational institutions in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny are called by a certain number, but there are a number of specialized institutions that have a name in the Tatar language, indicating the essence of these schools. The city names of additional education institutions for school-aged children reflect Russian names, many of which remain from the Soviet past. Onimization is carried out using metaphorical components in order to expand the semantic structure of the word, its functionality, and the significance of ergonymic vocabulary in communication.