Republic Of Tatarstan Research Articles

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ МАРКЕТИНГОВОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПОТРЕБНОСТЕЙ В КОФЕЙНЫХ НАПИТКАХ И ЕЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ С ЦЕЛЬЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ КОФЕЙНИ

This article presents the methodology developed by the authors for marketing research into the needs for coffee drinks and its application for organizing a coffee shop “Coffee for Frends” in the city of Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan). Despite the economic crisis, the consumption of coffee drinks and the consumption of sweets in society is growing, which favors the growth of demand for them and the organization of coffee shops. The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for marketing research of the needs for coffee drinks and its application for organizing a coffee shop. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to develop and present a marketing research methodology for the needs for coffee drinks, to apply the developed marketing research methodology for organizing a coffee shop “Coffee for Frends” in the city of Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan), and to draw appropriate conclusions based on the results of the work. The results of the study showed that currently there is an increase in demand for coffee drinks in society, and the coffee shop market is growing, highly profitable and promising for financial investment.

ПРЕДМЕТЫ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕГО ЦИКЛА И ИХ СРЕДСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ

This article talks about the importance of the health-saving cycle in the modern educational process. Teachers notice that students have large deviations in their health status. To solve these problems, the health-saving cycle and its means are being introduced into modern education. The purpose of the article is to make it clear that the teacher plays an important role in maintaining the health of the younger generation, but it is also important for students to understand the importance of health–saving technologies themselves. The research methodology used in the article is the analysis of information on the Internet, on the relevant topic, observation, comparison, sociological research conducted among students in the Republic of Tatarstan. The results obtained confirm that the methods used within the framework of the health–saving cycle give significant results - the health of the younger generation is improving.

Estimation of atmospheric methane levels over the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) territory in 2019–2023 using satellite remote sensing data: effects of anthropogenic and climate drivers

Estimation of atmospheric methane levels over the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) territory in 2019–2023 using satellite remote sensing data: effects of anthropogenic and climate drivers

ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНАЯ ОЦЕНКА КАЧЕСТВА СЫРОГО МОЛОКА ПО ЖИРНОКИСЛОТНОМУ СОСТАВУ И СОМО

The results of a veterinary and sanitary assessment of raw milk are presented in terms of dry skimmed milk residue (SMR) and fatty acid composition (FAC). To determine the fatty acid composition, the method of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was used; SOMO was determined by calculation, with a preliminary determination of the mass fraction of dry matter and the mass fraction of fat. A total of 30 samples of raw cow's milk from private farms in the Republic of Tatarstan were examined. It was found that in the case of 56,6% of samples, the SOMO indicator did not meet the requirements of regulatory documentation (it was lower than the standardized value by 2,4 - 45,1%). In terms of FAC deviations from the established requirements were detected in four samples. At the same time, the strongest discrepancies from the established range were noted for butyric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids.

Опросник клинической симптоматики мальформации Киари: перспективы применения у взрослых пациентов в Республике Татарстан

The clinical symptoms of Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) are formed as a result of a combination of traction, compression, and occlusive processes in patients with a small volume of the posterior cranial fossa and dislocation of the cerebellar tonsils and are characterized by a wide variety combined with low specificity. This complicates the clinical diagnosis of this pathology, assessment of its severity and dynamics. Currently, the only clinical symptoms questionnaire designed specifically for patients with СM1 is the Chiari Symptom Profile (CSP), created by D.M. Muller and J.J. Oro and tested on an English-speaking cohort of adult patients. The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the regions of the Russian Federation with an increased incidence of СM1 and СM1-associated syringomyelia, which determines the relevance of studying the clinical symptoms of СM1 and searching for methods of early clinical diagnosis of this pathology. The purpose of this work was to determine the prospects of using the CSP questionnaire in adult CM-patients with Chiari malformation in the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the standard procedure of translation, adaptation and approbation, versions of the questionnaire were created in the Russian and Tatar languages. Validation showed their reliability and discriminant validity.

К ВОПРОСУ О СООТНОШЕНИИ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ, РЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ И МАКРОРЕГИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ В ПОЛИКУЛЬТУРНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ

The scientific article clarifies the concepts of ethnic, regional and macro-regional identity. The article substantiates the possibility and expediency of their distinction and delimitation as independent types of social identity of a person. The question of correlation and interrelation of ethnic identity with regional and macro-regional identity, the possibility of their hierarchical consideration is discussed. Ethnic, regional and macro-regional identity is considered as socio-psychological categories within the framework of the article. Ethnic identity is interpreted as a dynamic and multidimensional formation, which characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a member of a certain ethnic group/community. Regional identity is considered as a dynamic and multidimensional formation that characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a resident of a certain region. Macro-regional identity is considered as a dynamic and multidimensional formation, which characterizes the feeling (implicit component) and awareness (explicit component) of a person as a representative of a certain macro-regional association of territories. The close interrelation between the concepts, their consistency and complementarity, as well as the impossibility of their unambiguous hierarchical consideration due to individual criteria of importance of each type of identity, depending on the structure of self-concept and the system of values of a person are established. Using the historical and socio-cultural context, we substantiate the possibility and expediency of studying macro-regional identity for people living in the Middle Volga region, including the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Saratov regions, as well as the Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia. Prospects for research on ethnic, regional and macro-regional identity for the education of interethnic tolerance in a multicultural macro-region are outlined.

Bacteriophages from waters of the Volga region

One of the promising approaches to the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria looks a therapy with bacteriophage. While bacteriophages are indifferent to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, bacteriophages are generally strain-specific, i.e., various isolates of the same bacterium can be insensitive to the given phage, that requires the creation of the library of bacteriophages. Here we report the isolation from wastewater from the city of Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan) the number of bacteriophages virulent against a number of opportunistic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Cronobacter sakazakii and Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica Enteritidis and Typhimurium). Phages formed a clear plaques on the bacterial lawn and had a titer up to 109 PFU/ml. Additionally, the polyvalent properties of bacteriophages were revealed: KES1, KES2 are lytic against C. sakazakii and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis, KST1 lyses S. enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium, KEF1 is virulent against E. faecalis and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis.

Financial mechanism of state support for agricultural cooperatives in the Republic of Tatarstan

The article reflects the elemental composition of the financial mechanism of state support of agricultural consumer cooperatives. For example, in 2023, the total number of applicants for grant support in the form of the project "Agrostartup" in the Republic amounted to 76, support in the aggregate amount of 49.9 million rubles received 12 projects. According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tatarstan, in 2023, 215 applications for subsidies from various agricultural cooperatives were submitted in the Republic, targeted assistance was provided to 74 applicants. However, the authors point out that the potential of commercial lending to agricultural consumer cooperatives is not exhausted and should be based on: the development of project and investment lending; reduction of the time of consideration of applications; the possibility of collateral in the form of goods in circulation; issuance of guarantees and the possibility of pledging property from the collateral fund of the Union of Consumer Cooperative Organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan. Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan demonstrates a steady growth, the achievement of which is due in no small measure to the comprehensive state support, which positively affects the socio-economic development. The average share of profitable agricultural enterprises for 2019-2023 amounted to more than 90%, which reflects high economic efficiency.

ВОЛОНТЕРСТВО КАК СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ И ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ: БАРЬЕРЫ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ

This article addresses the phenomenon of volunteering from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Institutional and community approaches became the basis for theoretical research. It was important to substantiate the fact that volunteering today is a full-fledged social institution and an active social community. The practical part presents the results of empirical research conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan. The structural components of the volunteer movement and the respondents’ attitude to this phenomenon were revealed.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНАЛИЗА И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССАМИ СУДОХОДНОЙ КОМПАНИИ

The article updates scientific developments and provisions on the description, analysis and optimization of business processes based on the materials of a shipping company in the Republic of Tatarstan. The main business process of a small shipping company (loading and unloading operations), auxiliary business process (ship repair, fleet maintenance), management processes are analyzed, losses in this business process are identified and classified, management decisions in the field of automation and optimization of business processes (work during loading and unloading operations and the use of technical vision to level out human error when loading a barge) are substantiated.

Improving the methodology for monitoring vegetation cover based on type segmentation

Monitoring is an important element for defining sustainable land cover management strategies. The monitoring technique proposed and developed in this work with integrated processing of remote sensing data has the potential to scale and optimize the interpretation of vegetation classes, making the analysis of the territory more detailed. This approach based on multiclass classification of composite images with data preprocessing based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The article describes the characteristics and benefits of the uses cloud platform. Three regions, different in their characteristics and climatic features, were chosen as the study area: Voronezh Oblast, Republic of Tatarstan and Perm Krai. The objects of the study were the classes of forest vegetation, arable land and meadow vegetation. The article presents a step-by-step methodology for obtaining and processing Sentinel-2 satellite imagery data. The main steps of the methodology include obtaining a time series of satellite data and processing them, applying a vegetation index to satellite images, selecting reference data for validation, classifying objects using the random forests algorithm. An overview of WorldCover cartographic product from European Space Agency (ESA) and its advantages for use in working with geoinformation data is presented. The classification of target classes of vegetation in GEE cloud platform was carried out. The results of the study contain an analysis of a combination of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each studied class of vegetation. Implementation of the methodology is important for retrospective analysis and operational monitoring of vegetation cover classes. The method of multi-class segmentation of objects based on time series analysis will significantly improve the accuracy and speed of providing analytics to update information on land use.

Diatoms in a sediment core of Lake Raifskoye (Volzhsko-Kamsky Nature Reserve, Republic of Tatarstan): lake development over the past 1200 years

Studies of the diatom assembly in a 130-cm sediment core from Lake Raifskoye reveal 79 taxa of diatoms ranking below the genus of two classes (centric - 14, pennate - 65). 14C, 210Pb and 137Cs dating results show that the sediment core covers a continuous deposition since 1200 cal. yr BP. During the development of the lake, three periods were identified. In the range of 600-1200 years ago unfavourable conditions for the development of diatoms were noted, presumably due to low environmental temperatures. Period from 150-450 years ago reflects good conditions for the development of diatoms and, as a consequence, an increase in the productivity of algal communities in the lake against the backdrop of rising air temperatures. In the third, modern period, the processes of increasing the productivity of algal communities continue, which can also be associated with an increase in air temperature.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination of soils in the Republic of Tatarstan using complex pollution indices NPI, RI, BGI

In this study, in most cases in soils susceptible to the accumulation of heavy metals, the highest content of heavy metals was observed in the surface layers of the soil profile. We calculated the values of three pollution indices based on the determination of individual heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Pb, Sr) and pollutants (Cu, Co, Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mo, Ni) in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan. The overall degree of pollution and environmental risk assessment were carried out using complex indices NPI and RI. The possibility of accumulation of individual elements in soil horizons was determined using the iogeochemical index BGI. The content of heavy metals in the soils of the Republic of Tatarstan, such as As, Pb, Co, Cu, Fe in the soil horizons was several times higher than the natural content of these metals, which is confirmed by three calculated indicators, taking into account that the values obtained for the O horizon using NPI indices and RI are consistent with each other, and BGI is consistent for individual elements (As, Pb, Co, Cu, Fe, Cd, Cr, Mn and Mo).

ОПЫТ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ SWOT-АНАЛИЗА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТА ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЕЙ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА, РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ И КАПИТАЛЬНОГО РЕМОНТА

Significance. The principal attention of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Russian Ministry of Health is focused on health preservation and health promotion, development of conditions for increasing access to and quality of medical care, including infrastructure development, renewal and upgrade of material and technical resources of medical organizations, and introduction of new modern medical technologies. Construction, reconstruction, and capital repair of health care facilities are implemented within the framework of state programs and projects through budgetary funding with direct participation of head physicians as customers of project and construction works and responsible for the upkeep of medical organizations. The purpose of the study was to conduct a SWOT analysis and substantiate its use as a tool for increasing management efficiency of a medical organization during construction, reconstruction and capital repair. Material and methods. Research methods: analytical, classical methodology of SWOT analysis, content analysis, statistical, expert assessments. The study used the 2021-2022 data of the federal statistical observation form No. 30 “Information about a medical organization”, audit materials of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, and reports of the pilot constituent entities of the Russian Federation. A SWOT analysis of 20 state medical organizations participating in healthcare modernization programs was carried out in the following constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Republics of Tatarstan, Crimea, the cities of Moscow and Sevastopol. Results of the study identified groups of factors that influence the current state of meeting the need for construction, reconstruction, and capital repair of medical organizations: external influence (opportunities and threats) that are not directly controlled by the management of a medical organization, as well as strengths and weaknesses, manageable at the local level. Conclusion. The conducted SWOT analysis of the current state of medical organizations show that efficient management of infrastructure development at a modern level, ensuring safe provision of accessible and high-quality medical care, is possible by improving the quality of initial decisions for pre-project documentation and construction (reconstruction) assignments, capital repair of medical organizations with the participation of head physicians. We consider it important to increase the level of competency of head physicians and their teams for implementing the above processes.

Farm typology analysis in Russian regions with different small entrepreneurship development level

Based on the results of cluster analysis, the article identifies four types of peasant farms: small, medium, large and very large, in the highest (Rostov Oblast and the Republic of Tatarstan) and lowest (Perm Krai and Smolensk Oblast) groups of Russian regions by the level of development of peasant farms. The number of clusters by regions was determined by the "elbow" method and the "silhouettes" coefficient. In each of the studied regions the effect of scale of production can be traced, larger farms are also more efficient. The groups identified by the cluster analysis method in the regions with the same level of development of peasant farms differ significantly in size, but at the same time they are similar in the regions from different groups (Rostov Oblast and Perm Krai). As a result, when developing a typology of peasant farms, it is proposed to ignore regional peculiarities and to establish uniform criteria for their classification for the entire territory of the Russian Federation, for example, based on the income of peasant farms, as it is done in the USA and the EU.

Structure and composition of the Sarailinsky depression oil source strata in territory of the Tatarstan Republic

The work carried out a study of core material from oil source rocks of the Sarailinsky depression, located between the southern and northern domes of the Tatar arch within the Tatarstan Republic. The well sections of the Sarailinsky strata are dominated by carbonate rocks, represented by packstones, wackestones and mudstones. Among the limestones lie interlayers of carbonate-siliceous rocks and mudstones. All rock lithotypes are enriched to varying degrees in sapropelic organic matter, which allows them to be classified as oil source deposits. There is a tendency for the relative content of organic matter to increase in the series: limestone → carbonate-siliceous rocks → mudstones. Judging by the interlayering of rocks of different composition in the section, the formation of the Sarailinsky strata took place in a marine sedimentation basin, with periodically changing environmental conditions. Under normal conditions, limestone was formed, under abnormal conditions, carbonate-siliceous rocks enriched in organic matter were formed, and when the removal of terrigenous material from the continent intensified, argillites were formed.

Patterns of distribution of eluvia soils in the oil region of Tatarstan

The article is devoted to the study of eluvial deposits in the southeastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of river erosion, a highly dissected and rugged terrain has formed here. Its characteristic elements are erosion-denudation watersheds separated by narrow river valleys and terraced slopes. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that the differences in the structure of weathering profiles in carbonate and terrigenous soil massifs are due to the structural and mineralogical features of rocks that were formed at the stage of sedimentation and subsequent diagenesis. In the central part, on the site of the upper plateau, the rocks underwent mainly physical weathering processes, on the site of the middle plateau – chemical weathering processes, on the site of the lower plateau – physical and chemical weathering processes. Such selectivity in the manifestation of hypergenic processes is due to the predominant lithotypes of sedimentary rocks composing the surfaces of the upper, middle and lower plateaus of the studied territory. Based on the conducted research, the zoning of the studied territory was performed and an engineering and geological map was built. The results obtained made it possible to understand the mechanism of weathering of carbonate and terrigenous rocks, as well as to assess the potential change in their physical and mechanical properties during the construction and operation of buildings and structures.

Новая коронавирусная инфекция профессионального генеза у медицинских работников Республики Татарстан

The purpose — to conduct a clinical, epidemiological and expert analysis of occupational cases of new coronavirus infection (NCVI) in medical workers (MW) of the Republic of Tatarstan. Material and methods. On the basis of the Republic Center for Occupational Pathology (RCPP), a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation was conducted (n = 47, 40 fatal cases, 7 complicated COVID-19 without fatal outcome, from April 2020 to August 2023). Results. The study group of MW with NCVI (n = 47) consisted mainly of women — 30 (63.8%), median age 58 (50; 64) years. Doctors of various specialties (20/42.5%) and nurses – 16 (34%) prevailed in the structure of positions of MW with NCVI. According to the vaccination history, only 12 (25.5%) MW were vaccinated. Comorbid is eases were detected in 43 (91.5%) patients. At the time of hospitalization, the leading clinical syndromes were infectious-toxic and respiratory. The diagnosis was verified in 46 (97.9%) MW by PCR when SARS-CoV2 RNA was detected in an oropharyngeal smear. Against the background of the disease severity, 40 (85.1%) MW had a fatal outcome, 7 (14.9%) had a complicated course with outcome in pneumofibrosis or sensor-neural hearing loss. Upon examination of the NCVI cases connection with the occupation, 40 (85.1%) were diagnosed with occupational disease (PD). according to Article 8 of Federal Law No. 125-FZ of 07/24/1998, various types of insurance and a one-time insurance were provided to medical workers and their family members (in case of the MW death), if the connection of the NCVI with the occupation was established. Conclusion. Connection of the NCVI with the occupation was established in 40 (85.1%) out of 47 medical workers (33 cases with a fatal outcome; 7 cases of a complicated COVID-19). The development of complicated and lethal forms of COVID-19 was registered in medical workers aged over 45 years old with unfavorable premorbid, including in vaccinated individuals with multiple comorbidity. Pre-contact immunoprophylaxis is still in demand in middle and older age groups, and in occupational risk groups. At the present stage, timely specific diagnosis of NCVI and the appointment of effective etiotropic and proactive pathogenetic therapy remain relevant.

Biogeochemical researches of trace elements content in vegetation of Tatarstan

The paper presents the review of the results of studies of trace elements contents in wild plants in the Middle Volga conditions (in the example of the Republic of Tatarstan) based on literature data and data obtained by the authors. The natural range of natural concentrations has been determined. A comparison of the concentrations of microelements obtained by different authors made it possible to establish that the microelements contents in herbaceous plants of the Republic of Tatarstan does not exceed the world average clarke. The content of Cu and Zn tends to the lower limit. The identified tendency for the trace elments accumulation in plants allows to conclude about a relatively favorable biogeochemical situation in the republic as a whole. Individual local biogeochemical specializations of plants are determined by the natural geochemical background of the region.

Experience of afforestation of steep slopes by sowing and planting PMCR by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan

Experience of afforestation of steep slopes by sowing and planting PMCR by the example of the Republic of Tatarstan