Altai Republic Research Articles

Soil Nematode Communities of Typical Biocenoses in the Republic of Altai

Soil Nematode Communities of Typical Biocenoses in the Republic of Altai

New records of Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae (Anthracoideaceae) from Russia, and Microbotryum (Microbotryaceae) from Greece and Morocco

A rare smut fungus, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae, is reported for the first time from Russia, based on a specimen from the Altai Republic. Carex enervis is a new host record for A. pseudofoetidae. Two new records for Greece, Microbotryum duriaeanum and M. moenchiae-manticae, and a new record for Morocco, Microbotryum moehringiae, are also presented. Microbotryum moehringiae is recorded for the first time from Africa. Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. roeseri is a new host record for Microbotryum duriaeanum. New molecular data are provided for these smut fungi. Updated phylogenetic trees for Anthracoidea and Microbotryum are also given.

A new species and a new record of Leioseius Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) from Russia, with a review of the Russian species of the genus

A new predatory mite species of the genus Leioseius Berlese, L. subarcticus Joharchi n. sp., is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological characters of adults collected in the subarctic zone of northern Tyumen, from the soil covered with lichens. We also provide additional morphological information and new illustrations for L. changbaiensis Yin and Bei. The species known only from the type series, was found under bark in China (Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province) and is now recorded for the first time in the Altai Republic, Russia, close to type locality from the same habitat. In addition, an identification key to all known Russian species of the genus is presented.

Healthcare-associated infections in the constituents of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts: results of monitoring their identification and registration in 2022 and in long-term dynamics

Rationale. Monitoring of HAI (health care-associated infections) detection and registration of is one of the key components in the information subsystem of epidemiological surveillance for these infections. Despite a well-established HAI recording system in the Russian Federation as a whole, the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts have different approaches to detection of these infections, which is confirmed by the final rating scores of their detection and registration.
 Objective. We studied HAI detection and registration in the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts for ranking and rating their systems of epidemiological HAI surveillance.
 Materials and methods: The data of federal statistical monitoring forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" and No. 23-17 "Information on outbreaks of infectious diseases as well as from additional enquiry materials "Information on medical manipulations and cohorts treated" in 20182022 submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor offices of the respective Russian Federation constituents compared with the long-term and Russias nationwide averages. The quality of HAI registration in the healthcare institutions of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was rated using grouping by intensive incidence indicators, and the most significant groups of infections and risk cohorts were selected for analysis.
 Results: The results of the HAI detection and registration by the most significant groups of infections and risk cohorts among the patients and healthcare workers were analyzed. The data on the group and outbreak HAI morbidity in the healthcare institutions are presented. The quality of HAI detection and registration in the constituents of the Ural and Siberian Federal Districts was rated, and the subjects were ranked with regard to the activity of their epidemiological surveillance system.
 Conclusion: Active detection and registration of HAI cases over several years is typical for the healthcare institutions of Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk Oblasts as well as Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Consistently low rating scores of the studied parameters are typical for the healthcare institutions of the Republics of Tyva, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai.

RELIGIOUS IDENTITY, RELIGIOUS PRACTICES AND SPIRITUALITY OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA’S ASIAN BORDERLANDS

The religious identity of Russian citizens in modern conditions is transformed under the influence of socio-cultural processes of a global nature, often taking individualized forms and combined with practices of reviving interest in religion and its protective, compensatory functions in conditions of uncertainty. In 2022-2023, with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, a sociological study was conducted to examine religious identity, religious practices and spiritual security in the border regions (Altai Territory, Altai Republic, Tyva Republic and Novosibirsk Region, 1868 people). The population of the border regions gravitates towards Orthodoxy (36%), however, significant differentiations in the regional refraction of the religious mosaic. Orthodoxy prevails in the Altai Territory and the Novosibirsk Region, shamanism prevails in Tyva (52%), Burkhanism is represented in the Altai Republic (16%). Moreover, an index of religiosity based on the Huber methodology was calculated in the study. The index is built on the integration of the five structural components of religiosity: intellectual, ideological, public and personal religious practices, and religious experience. The average index of religiosity was 2.41 points, the most religious is the population of the Tuva Republic (2.75), followed by the Altai Republic (2.52), index values below the test norm (2.45) were recorded in the Altai Territory (2.36) and the Novosibirsk Region (2.16). Ideas about religiosity and spirituality are changing and acquiring new meanings in the light of changing social relations between believers and non-believers, emerging new practices and religious organizations.

INTERDISCIPLINARY ANALYSIS OFCLIMATE-FORCED LANDSCAPE CHANGES IN THE HIGHLANDS OF ALTAI: NATURAL SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Mountain territories are the object of close attention of scientists due to the ongoing changes in the cryosphere. Altai is one of the world centers of glaciation, where climatic changes occur most intensively. The article presents the results of an interdisciplinary geographical and sociological study of climatic changes in the highlands of the Altai Republic, conducted in 2022 by scientists from Altai State University and St. Petersburg State University. On the basis of geological-landscape study on the reconstruction and cataloging of glaciers of the Little Ice Age and the forecast of dangerous exogenous processes, landscape changes and socio-economic parameters, settlements for sociological surveys were selected (six settlements of Kosh-Agach and Ulagan districts, n = 347). The research showed that glaciers of the North Chuysky Ridge have lost 61% of their area since the Little Ice Age, with 7% of the area reduced in the last 20 years. There have been qualitative changes in glacier melting - currently, large glaciers are experiencing the greatest degradation. The population of high-mountainous areas perceive climate change as significant, affecting their daily and economic life. Living near changing glaciers is associated with difficulties and additional costs for agriculture, destruction of communication and engineering infrastructure. Meanwhile, the climate agenda is not overly actualized, the population of high-mountainous areas demonstrates a high potential for adaptation, including due to traditional knowledge of nature management and living in harsh climates.

Conative component of religious identity of population in border regions of Russia

In today's multicultural world, the growing migration exchange transforms the historically established ethno-religious and sociodemographic structure of local communities, which can create the threat of increased inter-group tensions. These threats are particularly acute in border regional societies, where migration processes are characterized by higher intensity and the composition of the population is more heterogeneous, including religious attitudes and practices. The purpose of the study was to analyze the specifics of the conative (behavioral) component of the religious identity of the population of four border regions of Russia (Altai Republic, Tuva Republic, Altai Krai, and Novosibirsk Oblast). Sociological surveys were conducted in 2022 (N = 1862) by means of an online platform. Based on respondents' self-assessments of religiosity and Huber S. the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS), a typology of respondents' religiosity levels was constructed using a two-step cluster analysis. It has been revealed that the religious behavior in border regions is syncretic and combines both religious rites and actions prescribed by the religion practiced and pseudo-religious practices. Several regional peculiarities were found: the population of Altai Krai and Novosibirsk Oblast is characterized by utilitarian motivation in carrying out religious practices, the religious behavior of the population in the Altai Republic is marked by an eclectic combination of religious and pseudo-religious practices. Religious behavior of the population of the Republic of Tuva is manifested in participation in religious ceremonies prescribed by the professed religion, the desire to consult with the minister of religion and receive his blessing in important situations of life.

Morphometric Characteristics and Genetic Issr Marker Variability in Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) in Different Ecological and Geographic Conditions in the Altai Republic.

Rhodiola rosea L. is a vulnerable species in the Altai Republic (AR) and Russia in general. For the first time on the territory of AR, studies of the adaptive capabilities of the species and genetic differentiation using ISSR markers were carried out in seven cenopopulations (CP) of R. rosea in 2018 and 2020. The research was founded on the notion of conducting a comparative analysis of the morphogenetic structure of Rhodiola rosea populations in various ecological and geographical conditions of AR. The aim of this work is to evaluate the variability of morphometric traits of sexually mature living female R. rosea plants and to conduct a comparative analysis of genetic variability in cenopopulations (CP) both under undisturbed conditions and under stressful conditions of anthropogenic impact (grazing). Of the 8 primers used, HB12 turned out to be the most informative. The percentage of polymorphic loci in the populations between 0 and 88%. Two populations, located in favorable conditions at relatively low absolute altitudes (2000 m above sea level) (masl) in the undisturbed habitats of the Katun and Altai reserves of AR, were characterized by higher polymorphism. The share of polymorphic loci reached 80%. According to the analysis of statistical data, the highest values of morphometric parameters of the aerial parts of R. rosea plants and the highest potential seed productivity were also recorded in these habitats. Representatives of two high-mountain CPs (2400-2500 masl) in the Sailyugemsky National Park (SNP) were characterized by the lowest genetic polymorphism. Their genetic structure is the most homogeneous, since we have not found polymorphic loci. Due to spatial isolation, these individuals are reliably genetically differentiated. In addition, individuals of one type were subjected to stressful anthropogenic impact (grazing). Therefore, the smallest sizes and lowest potential seed productivity were recorded. Our research shows that alpine populations of R. rosea in AR, under conditions of anthropogenic stress, need protection for their gene pool.

Formation of gis projects in order to assess the level of antropogenic load on water bodies and develop recommendations for optimizing land use (by the example of Altai region and the Republic of Altai)

Currently, open databases (DB) of potential sources of water pollution of small water bodies located in the territories of the anthropogenically affected Altai Krai and the Republic of Altai are not available. Therefore, we have implemented the inventory works in order to identify and systematize such sources; developed a conceptual scheme of the cartographic GIS database and the geodatabase structure; completed the database filling, and prepared GIS projects based on modern GIS technologies. The proposed new methodological approach to collection and generalization of spatial information within the boundaries of water management sites and model basins makes it possible to perform a comparative cartographic analysis of anthropogenic loads (including direct and indirect impacts) on water bodies, to reveal most problem sites for their further detailed study and to develop recommendations for land use optimization.

Factors for ensuring the economic security of depressed regions in the context of digital transformation

Purpose: of the study is to determine the factors that have both a positive and a negative impact on the economic security of depressed regions.Methods: of statistical analysis and ratio assessment were applied in determining the economic security of depressed regions, as well as cluster analysis, in order to identify similar trends in regions, on the basis of which it is possible to identify factors that affect economic security. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data from EMISS, as well as data from the Expert RA rating agency. The calculations were performed using the following programs: Microsoft Office Excel 2016 (calculation of the values of the resulting indicators of economic security of depressed regions) and IBM SPSS Statistics 2019 (carrying out cluster analysis).Results: an assessment of the economic security of depressed regions was carried out. It was revealed that all regions have problems with financial stability and a low level of development of foreign economic activity. However, for a number of socio-economic indicators, the Altai Republic, Pskov Region, and Kalmykia Republic reach values above the Russian average, but the indicators of average per capita cash income still remain low. Based on the cluster analysis of regions, a number of factors influencing the economic security of depressed regions have been identified.Conclusions and Relevance: for each cluster, key factors influencing economic security have been identified. The processes of digital transformation, subject to their high-quality implementation, become a positive factor in ensuring economic security for regions that occupy low positions in socio-economic development. The primary factors for ensuring economic security for regions that make up another cluster are qualitative changes aimed at the economic growth of the region.

Endoparasitofauna of Altai mountain sheep (Ovis ammon ammon), Siberian mountain goats (Capra sibirica) and small cattle of the Saylyugemsky National Park, Altai Republic

The theriofaunal list of wild bovids of the South-Eastern Altai includes the Altai mountain sheep (Ovis ammon ammon), as well as the Siberian mountain goat (Capra sibirica). The predominant types of farm animals in the Altai Republic are goats and sheep. Parasite fauna and the interchange between wild bovids and small cattle in these areas is not well understood. Samples were taken by employees of the Sailyugemsky National Park. At the department, V.L. Yakimov, ovoscopic and larvoscopic research methods were carried out. The calculation of the average number of eggs was carried out using a VIGIS counting chamber (VNIIP named after K.I. Skryabin). According to the results obtained, an analysis of cross-invasion was carried out. In wild bovids from 120 samples studied and in small cattle from 31 samples, endoparasites belonging to four large taxonomic groups were found: protists, trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. In wild bovids from the group of nematodes, invasion with eggs of the genus Trichuris was established, according to morphological and morphometric characteristics, eggs of the ascarid type were found, eggs of nematodes of the order Strongylida, the genus Marshallagia, Nematodirella, Nematodirus spp., as well as larvae of the genus Protostrongylus were also found. From the group of trematodes, eggs of the species Hasstilesia ovis, as well as Dicrocoelium sp. From the group of cestodes, eggs of the genus Moniezia sp. From the group of protists, oocysts of the genus Eimeria spp. In small cattle, in contrast to wild bovids, nematodes of the genus Strongyloides sp. The number of cases of detection in small cattle of the nematode of the genus Protostrongylus sp. significantly lower than in wild bovids, and eggs of the strongylid type were more common. Also, no eggs of the trematode of the genus Dicrocoelium sp. Otherwise, the endoparasite fauna was similar to wild bovids. This study will help to compile a complete picture of the parasite fauna and cross-invasion of wild bovids and small cattle.

Endogenous gold of the russian Altai

The Altai of Russia in the geological and metallogenic sense includes the Altai Mountains and the northwestern part of Rudny Altai, and in administrative terms - the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic. Gorny Altai has experienced a complex history of geological development, including subduction, accretion-collision and rifting processes with the formation of various types of magmatism and endogenous gold mineralization. The history of gold mining in the region is associated mainly with placers and currently the reserve of placer gold deposits is almost exhausted, and the prospects for primary mineralization have been little studied. In this regard, the problem of assessing the potential of ore gold in known ore occurrences and promising areas of ore clusters has become urgent in the region.In the Russian part of Rudny Altai, gold reserves are mainly associated with gold-bearing pyrite-polymetallic deposits and less with small gold ore occurrences.Gold-sulfide-skarn, epithermal gold-silver, copper-gold-porphyry and gold-mercury types of mineralization may have important practical significance for the region. The increase in ore gold reserves in the Russian part of Rudny Altai is mainly due to additional exploration of pyrite-polymetallic deposits.

CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS YAK BREEDING IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI

The yak is a late-maturing animal compared to cattle. However, the yak has precious properties in terms of endurance to harsh climatic conditions, the ability to make long transitions along inconvenient rocky mountain paths and feed all year round in the pasture, including during the winter. The local population of the Altai Republic has been breeding yaks since ancient times, as evidenced by archaeologists’ finds. Although the maximum number of yaks in the Altai Republic reached in 1990 - 18468 heads and were bred in the farms of five administrative districts, at present, the number of yaks totals only 6043 heads, and they are concentrated mainly in the farms of one municipality - the Kosh-Agachsky district. The authors propose measures for the effective development of yak breeding, increasing the number and rational use of these unique animals, considering natural and climatic conditions, land resources and the existing potential of agricultural producers in the Altai Republic. It is necessary to carry out selection and breeding work to create a highly productive breed to improve the breeding and practical qualities of the Altai population of yaks. The development of gastroecological tourism is the most promising for the Altai Republic. The need for high-quality, environmentally friendly meat, including barley, is constantly growing. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of yaks to develop a system at the farm level that ensures the rational use of available pasture lands. One of the critical issues is the development of State Standards (GOST) for meat and all by-products of yaks. Creating a marketing and advertising system for yak products remains an urgent problem.

THE NEED TO CREATE AN INTERACTIVE MAP OF TOURIST RESOURCES OF THE REGION IS AN IMPORTANT CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION

In the article, the authors presented the impact of geoinformation technologies on various fields of activity, which makes it possible to visualise many information data to a large extent. Such data also applies to the tourism sector of the economy. The Republic of Altai, where tourism is a priority sector of the economy. This study aims to develop an interactive map for the Altai Republic by analysing tourist resources using information technology. The authors considered the definition of recreational resources and analysed the information resources used in the tourism sector of the Altai Republic. The authors presented an analysis of the tourism resources of the Altai Republic (plant and forest resources, historical and cultural heritage). They showed the number of collective accommodation facilities by districts of the Altai Republic in the context of communities. An analysis of information resources was carried out: the Google search engine, the Tourist site, the tourist portal Touristka.Ru, and the location of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Tourism of the Altai Republic. The authors also proposed to create an interactive map on the website of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Armenia. This map should contain information about natural, cultural, historical, and socio-economic resources. Based on the results of the analysis of tours presented on tour operators’ websites operating in the Altai Republic territory, objects were identified that are most often mentioned or visited by tourists.

BURIAL OF A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE LOCAL ELITE IN ALTAI OF THE MIGRATION PERIOD

The article presents the results of studying materials obtained during excavations of a female burial found in the Choburak-I necropolis of the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture. This site located in Chemal district of the Altai Republic was fully studied by the expedition of Altai State University. An analysis of the morphological characteristics of the found accompanying grave goods was conducted employing analogies from sites in adjacent territories. Together with the results of radiocarbon dating it became the basis for determining the time of construction of mound 34 within the 4th century AD. The study of the recorded features of ritual practice made it possible to establish that the burial was made by the bearers of the Dialian burial tradition, which constituted the dominant group of the population of the Northern Altai in the pre-Turkic period. Numerous goods, which included socially significant adornments in the attire of the buried, as well as items of horse gear, testify to a high status of the deceased woman in her lifetime, probably a representative of the local nomadic elite.

Трансграничное районообразование как фактор развития депрессивных районов страны на примере РФ и КНР

The border zones that have formed in the Russian-Chinese border area are considered. The socio-economic indicators of the border regions of Russia and the People's Republic of China are considered, and the influence of transboundary regional formation on the development of less developed regions of both countries is noted. The formed border zones on the border of Russia and China are identified, their joint activities are analyzed, as well as attracting investments for further development. As a result of the study, the history of border relations between Russia and China was reviewed, tourism policy in cross-border regions and its priority areas were considered, a comparative evaluation of the socio-economic development of the Russian-Chinese border was made, cross-border regions formed on the border of Russia and China were identified. In the course of the study, possible ways for the development of the border zones of Russia and China were identified, and their impact on the socio-economic development of the regions of both countries was assessed: from China – Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, Inner Mongolia, Jilin Province, from Russia – Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Jewish Autonomous Region, Amur Region, Zabaikalsky Territory, Republic of Altai.

FORMATION OF THE RANGES OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALTAI: RESULTS OF THE CENTENNIAL NATURALIZATION

Currently, 10-15% of invasive plant species are recorded in alien floras of all inhabited regions of the world, and their proportion is constantly growing. A particular problem is naturalization of alien species in the regions with high levels of endemism and species diversity, such as the Republic of Altai. We have been studying the alien flora of the Republic of Altai since the beginning of the 21st century. The ranges of 67 invasive species belonging to 57 genera and 20 families have been identified. Most of the species have been known on the territory of the Republic of Altai since the 20th century, 10 species have penetrated here in the 21st century. The main method of penetration (vector) is accidental introduction. In all areas, at least singly, there are 5 species: Amaranthus retroflexus, Bunias orientalis, Matricaria discoidea, Melilotus officinalis, Tripleurospermum inodorum . The orographic and climatic features of the area predetermine a greater susceptibility to invasions for the northern regions and a lesser one for the southeastern regions. Eighteen species are distributed only in the northern regions. Almost all species are found in Gorno-Altaisk and Mayma district, the least number of species - in Kosh-Agach district, which is characterized by the most severe climatic conditions. Thirty five species are invasive in Siberia, 11 species are among the hundred most aggressive species in Russia. Based on our own long-term research, taking into account the analysis of available publications and stock materials (Herbarium of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Gorno-Altai State University), as well as other available data (iNaturalist, GBIF), maps of the ranges of invasive plants of the Republic of Altai were compiled. For each species, all known localities are given, indicating administrative regions, settlements, river valleys, etc., the time of discovery is noted, and links to the source are indicated.

Новый археологический объект финального каменного века Курсак-1 в нижнем течении Катуни (Горный Алтай)

The article presents the results of investigations aimed to discover Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in the Katun River valley in its lower reaches (Altai Republic, Chemalsky District). The research was carried out in 2022 by IAET SB RAS team and as a result, an archaeological object — Kursak-1 site — was discovered on the left bank of the Katun river in the estuary of the Karasu creek. During the inspection of the terrace from the surface we collected numerous archaeological material (274 stone artifacts, 3 small fragments of pottery). To determine the stratigraphic context of the deposits, a test pit was excavated; it revealed: 4 lithological layers, 2 cultural horizons, where 113 stone artifacts and 2 undisturbed objects (fire place and pit) were found. Blades are few, nuclei for blades and microblades are singular. There are also single specimens from the category of tools. About 80% of all stone artifacts are made from local raw materials, which are characterized by fracturing and heterogeneity, but were easily accessible. It is possible that a large number of amorphous flakes are associated with preparatory cleavage, when preforms were created. The results of the investigations indicate an active use of the site in ancient period, possibly as a workshop. At the present time, we can assume that the archaeological materials of horizon 2 belong to the Final Mesolithic, horizon 1 — to a later stage of the Final Stone Age.

Работа отдела профилактической дезинфекции ФБУЗ "Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Алтайском крае" по ликвидации последствий наводнения 2014 года на территории Алтайского края

In May 2014, the weather in the Altai Republic was very hot (plus 30–35 °C), snow and glaciers were melting rapidly in the mountains. On May 27, rains began in the Altai Mountains and continued until May 30. During these three days, 117–185 percents of the monthly norm of precipitation fell. As a result, water levels in the Katun, Biya, Aley, and Ob rivers exceeded critical values and adjacent territories were flooded. During the flooding 128 settlements in 25 municipalities, 16053 houses with a population of 43619 people were flooded. Also, 91 social facilities and 4 cattle burial grounds were flooded. In connection with the emergency situation in the region caused by the flood, in order to prevent possible adverse consequences for the health of the population of the region, the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Altai region organized and carried out the necessary amount of sanitary and epidemiological measures (disinfection, deratization and disinsection) in the territories out of the flood zone. Keywords: treatment act, barrier deratization, disinfection teams, disinfectants, disinfection treatments, focal deratization, preventive measures, emergency.

National picture of the world in modern Altai literature

The article is devoted to the study of the national picture of the world in the works of modern Altai authors. The relevance of the work and its novelty are determined by the fact that the literary work of Altai poets has not been sufficiently studied and requires further research. There is a need for an in-depth study of cultural and ethnopoetic traditions in creating a national picture of the world in Altai poetry. The purpose of the study is to study and analyze works that reflect the worldview of young poets of the Altai Republic. The work draws conclusions that, due to the conditioning of Altai literature by historical and geographical features, the rich heritage of oral folk art, poetic traditions, the work of Altai poets has its own specific features in the picture of the world they created. Here, archetypes such as horse, hitching post, cedar, hearth, ail (dwelling), Altai stand out. In recent years, regional literature has especially highlighted this feature of reflecting poetic space, where images are aimed at artistic understanding of a person’s inner world in its multifaceted connections with the surrounding reality. According to the author, modern Altai lyrics widely and diversely represent the folk worldview and national traditions, which reflect the ethnic identity of the Altai people. The works of the poets considered in this study — A. Samunov, B. Burmalov, B. Ukachin — show the nature of the Altai Mountains, the character of the lyrical hero, archetypal images, presenting a holistic picture of the world of the Altai people. This is what makes their work special, recognizable and memorable, enriching Altai poetry with new images, expanding the horizons of the literary picture of the world.