Renewal Period Research Articles

Contact Lenses and Infectious Keratitis: From a Case-Control Study to a Computation of the Risk for Wearers.

Contact lens (CL)-related microbial keratitis (MK) has major public health implications, with about 300 million wearers worldwide, and certain potentially modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of CL-related MK. A multicenter case-control study was conducted between 2014 and 2017. Cases presenting with CL-related MK were submitted to an anonymous 52-item questionnaire, which was also completed by healthy controls. Univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Risk factors for CL-related MK were given as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval and P-value. The study included a total of 2267 patients (1198 cases and 1069 controls). The MK risk factors for the daily disposable lenses group were exceeding the lens renewal period (OR = 9.16, P = 0.008) and occasionally wearing CL when sleeping (OR = 15.83, P = 0.035). The most important risk factors in the nondaily disposable lenses group were lens cleaning solution distributed by eye care brands (OR = 3.50, P < 0.001) and failure to renew lens cases (OR = 3.39, P = 0.001). Statistically and clinically significant variables were used to establish the MK risk equation for CL wearers, allowing an individual calculation of the risk of MK under lenses. The MK risk equation is a valuable tool for educating patients about the risks associated with wearing CL. It allows the patient to be informed about their overall risk of infection while detailing the precipitating elements of the infectious risk with the aim of modifying risk behavior.

Phase dependent breakdown in bulk arrival queueing system with vacation break-off

In this queueing model service process is split into two phases called first essential service and second essential service. Here the occurrence of breakdown during first essential service and second essential service are different. When the server got failure during first essential service, service process will be interrupted and sent to repair station immediately. On contrary during second essential service when the server got failure the service will not be interrupted, it performs continuously for current batch by doing some technical precaution arrangements. Server will be repaired after the service completion during renewal period. On service completion, if the queue length is less than 'a' then the server leaves for vacation. During vacation if the queue length reaches the value 'a' then the server breaks the vacation and performs preparatory work to start first essential service. Various performance measures and cost effective model with appropriate numerical solution of the model are presented.

Phase dependent breakdown in bulk arrival queueing system with vacation break-off

In this queueing model service process is split into two phases called first essential service and second essential service. Here the occurrence of breakdown during first essential service and second essential service are different. When the server got failure during first essential service, service process will be interrupted and sent to repair station immediately. On contrary during second essential service when the server got failure the service will not be interrupted, it performs continuously for current batch by doing some technical precaution arrangements. Server will be repaired after the service completion during renewal period. On service completion, if the queue length is less than 'a' then the server leaves for vacation. During vacation if the queue length reaches the value 'a' then the server breaks the vacation and performs preparatory work to start first essential service. Various performance measures and cost effective model with appropriate numerical solution of the model are presented.

Жыццязабеспячэнне беларускай вёскі ў пасляваенны час (другая палова 1940-х –пачатак 1950-х гг.)

&lt;p&gt;W okresie powojennym proces stabilizacji na białoruskiej wsi posiadał cechy, które były szczególnie zauważalne w północnej części kraju, gdzie współistniały regiony zróżnicowane społecznie i ekonomicznie, a – co za tym idzie – charakteryzujące się różnym poziomem życia oraz odmienną mentalnością mieszkańców. We wschodnich rejonach północnej Białorusi odradzanie się gospodarki wiejskiej odbywało się w systemie kołchozów i sowchozów, w rejonach zachodnich przeważały gospodarstwa jednoosobowe. Odmienne sposoby pozyskiwania przez ludność wiejską środków utrzymania doprowadziły do podziału na „tych z zachodu” oraz „tych ze wschodu”, a także – w konsekwencji – do powstania dużej liczby utrwalonych we wspomnieniach miejscowej ludności stereotypów. Dane archiwalne oraz przekazy ustne świadczą o tym, że w badanym okresie zarówno w rejonach wschodnich, jak i zachodnich pozyskiwano środki do życia przede wszystkim dzięki pracy we własnych gospodarstwach. Jednakże o ile rolnicy indywidualni pracowali wyłącznie na swój rachunek, o tyle chłopi zatrudnieni w kołchozach byli zmuszeni do dodatkowego wysiłku, za który otrzymywali niewielkie wynagrodzenie. Brak motywacji finansowej wpływał na niską jakość ich działań. Przekazy ustne świadczą o brutalizacji powojennej rzeczywistości, kiedy to powstawały i rozkwitały nielegalne (a często także kryminalne) formy działalności gospodarczej, do których należy zaliczyć m.in. pędzenie bimbru jako efektywny sposób wymiany produkcji rolnej na „żywą gotówkę”.&lt;/p&gt;

Психолого-педагогічні особливості музично-естетичного виховання підлітків засобами народно-інструментального виконавства у закладах позашкільної освіти

The paper deals with the role of art, in particular musical and folk-instrumental performance, as a factor in the musical and aesthetic education of adolescents. Particular attention is paid to technologies aimed at the comprehensive development of students of such groups as folk-instrumental. The features of adolescence are considered. The pedagogical ideas of the problem of music-aesthetic education in general and its individual aspects are analyzed. In this work the author deals with issues related to the formation of interest in folk instrumental performance of teenagers. The works of leading scientists are analyzed, which give an idea of the current level of the problem of the development of cognitive interest of students and their personality-oriented learning. The essence of interest in folk-instrumental performance is determined. The modern period of renewal of Ukrainian society, its spiritual revival, set before the pedagogical science the task of strengthening the connection between culture and education, which is conditioned by the affirmation of ideas of self-worth of the human personality, the humanistic essence of the nationally oriented outlook of the youth. The State National Program « Education » ( « Ukraine of the 21st Century » ) declares the main goal of society – the creation of a viable education system to provide opportunities for continuous spiritual self-improvement of the individual, the formation of intellectual and cultural potential as the highest value of the nation. In the current conditions of reforming all educational units in Ukraine, it is of fundamental importance to consider extracurricular activities as a holistic pedagogical system of musical and aesthetic education of the student's personality in the specific conditions of his / her learning and activity. The most characteristic features of the latter are the casual, informal communication and self-expression, the free choice of forms and means of activity, their use in view of the already formed value orientations, the internal motivational settings of the tutor and the pupils. Education, as well as learning, formation and development, are components of a holistic process of creating a student's personality, carried out under the influence of external social factors and internal processes of student's self-development. The concept of the New Ukrainian School, laying out new content and approaches to school education, proclaims the need for its close collaboration with extracurricular education in order to identify the individual inclinations and abilities of each child and its purposeful development. The concept of artistic and aesthetic education of schoolchildren lays the foundations for ensuring high artistic and aesthetic education and upbringing of children and youth of Ukraine.

‘We secured the tussac’: Accounts of ecological discovery, exploitation and renewal in the Falkland Islands

Abstract Sheep farms dominate the Falkland Islands landscape and have for over a century. The introduction of sheep, and several other species, has significantly transformed the ecology of this archipelago—the near elimination of tussac grass being one of the most notable changes. Tracing back to early accounts of tussac grass in the ‘Falklands’, this paper captures its discovery, exploitation and current stage of renewal, including a closer look at the connections between tussac and livestock farming, as well as parallel trends in other countries. We narrate changing relations between people and tussac grass using a combination of interview data, historical accounts and scientific literature. Tussac is presented as a historical bellwether of shifting trends in local farm and environmental management in this isolated archipelago. Shifts in land ownership, grazing management methods and conservation efforts are bringing momentum to a period of renewal across the Falklands. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Television in the Tay-Nung Language in Vietnam

Broadcasting and television are two popular types of media, with more audience than other types of media in Viet Nam today. Tay-Nung is a common language of two ethnic groups with the largest population of ethnic minorities in Viet Nam. Research on broadcasting and television in the Tay-Nung language is importance research, involving both journalism and the science of language. On the basis of surveys on the state of broadcasting in Tay-Nung language and the attitude, needs and aspirations of the Tay and Nung ethnicity on this activity, this article aims to describe and evaluate the current status of broadcasting in the Tay-Nung language, thereby proposing ways and means to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of broadcasting in Tay- Nung language. The main methods used in this study are a scientific observation method, a sociological survey method (interviews, discussions, investigation by questionnaires), method of description (analytical, statistical, classification, systematization) and a comparison method. Research data is collected from relevant documents and from the use of sociological survey methods. The subject of the article is the broadcast in Tay-Nung language activities in Viet Nam at present. This subject is considered in the following aspects: The places, the levels of broadcasting and television; the choice and use of language / dialect; attitude, needs and aspirations of the recipients, and some ways and solutions to be implemented. Research results of the project will help the Ministry of Information and Communication, in radio and television, to develop specificsuggestions on the choice of type and level of communication. At the same time, the Viet Nam has also suggested the development of policies related to communication in ethnic minority languages. Raising the effectiveness of broadcasting in the Tay-Nung language will contribute to the preservation of language and culture; will improve quality of life for the Tay and Nung ethnicity and will contribute to sustainable development of nations in the renewal period. The work will inform work by the State, the Ministry of Information and Communication, should the State and the Ministry of Information and Communications pay attention to this timely guidance. Results will contribute to studies on communication in ethnic minority languages in Viet Nam or on communication in Tày Nùng in Southeast Asia.

U.S. Re-Licensure Opioid/Pain Management Continuing Education Requirements in Dentistry, Dental Hygiene, and Medicine.

Drug-induced deaths have been accelerating over the last two decades. The aim of this study was to determine if states with high opioid-induced deaths and overall drug-induced deaths were more likely to have continuing education (CE) requirements related to opioid use/pain management than states with fewer opioid-induced deaths. Almost 200 state dental and medical law boards' websites were examined for CE requirements, license renewal periods, and CE requirements for opioid use/pain management in December 2018 and January 2019. Drug-induced death data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention online database. States were categorized into quartiles of opioid-induced deaths per 100,000 population. A similar categorization was created for all drug-induced deaths. The results showed that states in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of opioid-induced deaths were more likely to have dental boards requiring opioid use/pain management CE than states in the first quartile in dentistry. This pattern was not the case with the medical boards' requirements. Dentists and physicians in states with higher all drug-induced deaths per 100,000 population were as likely to be required to attend opioid use/pain management CE as dentists and physicians in states with lower opioid-induced deaths. Although many licensing boards require opioid use/pain management CE in relation to their opioid-induced death rates, there is a need for policies to increase education in substance use disorders to reduce the number of drug-induced deaths.

СТОМЛЕННЯ І ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ПРИ НАПРУЖЕНІЙ М’ЯЗОВІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

Introduction. The paper reveals the reasons for violations of the servicemen’s state of stable working capacity in professional activity. The author reached to conclusion that a capacity for work is violated as a result of fatigue process development which is characterized by the increase in tension of activity of the functional systems of organism. Implementation of the strained muscular work is related to the expense of potential of functions and the fatigue developed and his renewal to the working level, on occasion with superrenewal and further stabilizing on pre-work or near to its level. The presence of these stages determines the oscillation of serviceman’s capacity.Purpose. Ground for methodical recommendations concerning the modern pedagogical approaches applications and technologies in forming the readiness of future military seaman for protective equipment use in professional activity.Methods. To achieve the purpose set, the system of research methods was used: study, analysis of scientifically-pedagogical and methodical literature, study and the generalization of domestic and foreign experience, method of expert estimations, stated experiment.Results. The results of scientific researches and experience of activity of servicemen in previous years show convincingly that work which is being performed in the conditions of fatigue which is compensated, and directed at the balanced perfection of components of technical-tactical, functional and psychological order, is the effective method to provide high level of work capacity in the conditions of fatigue which is being developed, and progressive sense of fatigue.The important thing for planning of rational work mode and rest hours in the future military seaman’s training system is knowledge of conformities to law of restoring reactions after the trainings and practical loading. In this connection first of all it should be emphasized specifics of restoring reactions, close intercommunication of character and duration of both early and set aside period of renewal with an orientation and size of the trainings and practical loading, in depth, which developed localization and mechanisms of fatigue.Conclusion. Understanding the basic mechanisms of providing work capacity while performing the duties of different character and duration, features of development of fatigue allow to design all spectrum of the functional states and compensatory reactions, characteristic for professional activity of the future military seaman during the planning of separate series of exercises and programs of training employment.

Dual credit policy: Promoting new energy vehicles with battery recycling in a competitive environment?

Abstract New energy vehicles have been recognized as the future direction of development in automobile industry. This paper investigates the issue of the impacts of subsidy policy and dual credit policy on new energy vehicle and fuel vehicle production decision considering battery recycling, in a competitive environment, where the market demand is determined by heterogeneous consumers' utility. Due to that the market size of new energy vehicles is swiftly expanding, used battery is ushering in a period of renewal and replacement, but the performance efficiency of two policies is unclear in the presence of battery recycling. Considering the market of three primary players, the new energy vehicle manufacturer, the fuel vehicle manufacturer and government, non-cooperative game models are formulated in which the battery recycling rate and consumers' environmental awareness are taken into accounts. Both the optimal policy decision for the government and the manufacturer is analyzed under three scenarios: subsidy policy, dual credit policy with single credit, and that with two credits, respectively. The results show battery recycling rate is the most crucial element influencing the new energy vehicle manufacturer's competitive status under both policies. Meanwhile, no matter how changes in values of consumers' environmental awareness, recycling rate, and subsidies for consumers, the new energy vehicle manufacturer stays a vulnerable position unless the government offers a new financial subsidy for the new energy vehicle manufacturer, rather than for consumers. Additionally, only in case of dual credit policy with two credits, increasing battery rate yields a demand spillover effect with a maximum percentage of 20.59%, which further verifies the efficiency of dual credit policy over subsidy one.

Was there an alternative? European socialists facing capitalism in the long 1970s

ABSTRACT This article examines Western European socialists’ attempt to assert a ‘socialist alternative’ to a crumbling world order during the long 1970s. In Western Europe, the 1968 uprisings inaugurated a decade of intense social contestation, which coincided with the heyday of social democracy and, arguably, with a new leftward tendency within the socialist milieu. The ‘crisis’ of the long 1970s – with its multiple economic, energy social, political, international and cultural facets – challenged the foundations of the ‘post-war consensus’ and to some extent pushed socialists to question their commitment to capitalism. This article explores the period of consolidation and renewal that Western European social democracy experienced during the early 1970s, their increasing confidence that they could use the European Community as a tool to realize democratic socialism, the attempt to formulate a common socialist alternative for Europe, the leftward tendency that was characterizing European socialists at the time and even their hope (at least for some of them) to surpass capitalism. Focusing on the attempt of the socialist parties of the EC to adopt a common European socialist programme in view of the first direct elections of the European Parliament, it argues that despite their divergences, European socialists did thoroughly discuss and envisage an alternative to capitalism at a European and global level during the 1970s, an option that was abandoned by the 1980s. Abbreviation: European Community=EC; European Parliament=EP

Abstract 3153: Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) predictive effect for prostate cancer in a population-based study: The renewal of PAP

Abstract Objective: Use prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PAP) to characterize the disease progression and median survivals of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) based on the analysis in a population-based study from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Materials and Methods: PCa patients with completed PAP results were selected from the SEER database of the National Cancer Institute. Mann-Whitney Sum test was utilized to compare the statistical significance for measurement data and ranked data, which were stratified by age, race, TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM), pathological grades, number of tumors, PAP and survival duration. Logistic analysis was performed to identify predictors of the presence of invasion and metastases. Cox regression was utilized to analyze the factors associated with all-cause mortality and prostate-cancer specific mortality. Moreover, survival curve was also present. Results: In total, there are 5184 PAP+ patients and 3161 PAP- patients involved in this study. The Mann-Whitney Sum test showed that slightly greater tumor size(p=0.03), elevated lymphatic (p=0.005) and distant (p&amp;lt;0.001) metastases rate, higher pathologic grade(p&amp;lt;0.001), localized tumor number (p&amp;lt;0.001), shortened survival months (p&amp;lt;0.001) were observed in the PAP+ group compared with the PAP- group. In the Multivariable Logistic Regression, invasion and metastases Hazard Ratio (HR) were elevated significantly (p&amp;lt;0.001) in the PAP+ individuals. In the survival analysis, PAP- patients experience the prolonged median survival. In the post-surgical patients, the survival months were still longer in PAP+ patients compared with the negative ones (p&amp;lt;0.001), though surgery prolonged the survival months of both groups. Survival months stratified by localized, invasion and metastases situations were analyzed. In the three stratified sub-groups, survival duration is significantly decreased in the PAP+ individuals in the localized PCa group (P&amp;lt;0.001**) and the metastases group (P=0.013). Conclusions: The findings of this study provide population-based estimates of the PCa progress and prognosis for patients with different PAP results, which may suggest a renewed period for the PAP. Citation Format: Fubo Wang, Huan Xu, Yinghao Sun. Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) predictive effect for prostate cancer in a population-based study: The renewal of PAP [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3153.

Periodyzacja dziejów Izraela w "Pochwale Ojców" Księgi Syracha (Syr 44–49)

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawić ujęcie poszczególnych okresów biblijnego Izraela, które zawiera Pochwała ojców (Syr 44 – 49) Księgi Syracha. Na początku autorka zaznacza kontekst i granice tekstu przyjętego do analizy. Następnie pokrótce przedstawia ogólne wprowadzenie do Pochwały ojców (Syr 44,1-15). Kolejne części artykułu stanowią propozycję periodyzacji, która składa się z trzech części: etapu przymierza (Syr 44,16 – 45,26), etapu proroków i królów (Syr 46,1 – 49,10) oraz etapu odnowy (Syr 49,11-16). Całość zamyka apendyks, który stanowi wypełnienie wcześniejszych etapów historii w osobie Szymona II, arcykapłana świątyni jerozolimskiej (Syr 50,1-24). Periodyzacja dziejów obecna w Pochwale ojców, oprócz chronologii jest prezentacją, w której można zauważyć podejście teologiczne, kanoniczne i kapłańskie.

Rechtsvacuum Phenomenon in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51 of 2020 related to Passport Renewal Period to 10 Years

Legislation is one of the legal products issued by the state government component. In this case, the laws and regulations include the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia year 1945, the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly, The Law / Regulation of the Government In lieu of Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, and Local Regulations. As for its application, the rules have levels in the arrangement, where there are sections that explain macro and its derivatives that are narrowing down to the implementing regulations. The levels of the rules must be complete because each of them has its own function. Meanwhile, in this journal, there will be a discussion on the phenomenon of legal vacancies in the case study of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 51 of 2020 related to the Period of Extending Passports to 10 Years, where in the issuance of government regulations have not been included implementing regulations that will regulate how the implementation of government regulations in the field.&#x0D;

DINAMIKA PENDIDIKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM SEJARAH ISLAM

This paper discusses the Dynamics of Women's Education in Islamic History. In tracing the history books, the work of Islamic historians relating to women's education in general in the Islamic world and in Indonesia since the classical era, setbacks, reforms, found the dynamics and variations of public appreciation of educational opportunities for women. In some historical periods, women are considered second-class citizens, so they do not have access to education and self-development that is equal to men. While in the view of Islam men and women have the same position. This study concludes that in the history of Islam in a period of decline, women were not only restricted in attending education but they were marginalized and prohibited from participating in social activities. In the classical and renewal period, women and men have the same position in terms of education and social activities.

One City for All? The Characteristics of Residential Displacement in Southwest Washington, DC

This paper examines two periods of renewal in Washington, DC, USA’s southwest quadrant and their relationship with displacement. The paper situates this discussion within both the local historical continuum and globally-recognized paradigms, such as “the right to the city”. This article primarily serves as an overview of urban planning consequences in Southwest Washington DC based on extant academic literature and policy briefs. Compared with the abrupt physical displacement in the 1950s and 1960s precipitated by a large-scale federally funded urban raze and rebuild project, urban planning in present-day DC includes mechanisms for public engagement and provisions for housing security. However, countervailing economic incentives and rapid demographic changes have introduced anxieties about involuntary mobility that the literature suggests may be born out of forced or responsive displacement. Two potential case studies in the area warrant future study to understand present-day mobilities in the context of the economic and socio-cultural factors shaping the actions of present and prospective residents and decision-makers.

Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Predicts Prostate Cancer Progress in a Population-Based Study: The Renewal of PAP?

Objective To characterize the disease progression and median survival of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) according to the prostatic-specific acid phosphatase (PAP) analysis in a population-based study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Materials and Methods Prostate cancer patients with completed PAP results were identified using the SEER database of the National Cancer Institute. The Mann-Whitney Sum test was utilized to compare the statistical significance for measurement data and ranked data. Data were stratified by ages, races, TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM), pathological grades, number of tumors, PAP, and survival duration. Multivariable logistic analysis was performed to identify predictors of the presence of invasion and metastases. Cox regression was analyzed for the factors associated with all-cause mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Moreover, survival curve was used to detect the survival months. The unknown data were excluded from these tests. Results In total, there are 5184 PAP+ patients and 3161 PAP- patients involved. The Mann-Whitney Sum test showed that slightly greater tumor size (P = 0.03), elevated lymphatic (P = 0.005) and distant (P < 0.001) metastasis rate, higher pathological grade (P < 0.001), localized tumor number (P < 0.001), and shortened survival months (P < 0.001) were observed in the PAP+ group compared with the PAP- group. In the multivariable logistic regression, invasion and metastasis Hazard Ratio (HR) were elevated significantly (P < 0.001) in the PAP+ individuals. In the survival analysis, PAP- patients experienced the prolonged median survival. In the postsurgical patients, the survival months were still longer in PAP+ patients compared with the negative ones (P < 0.001), though surgery prolonged the survival months of both groups. Survival months stratified by localized, invasion, and metastasis situations were analyzed. In the three stratified subgroups, the survival duration is significantly decreased in the PAP+ individuals in the localized PCa group (P < 0.001) and the metastasis group (P = 0.013). Conclusions The findings of this study provide population-based estimates of the PCa progress and prognosis for patients with different PAP results, which may suggest a renewed period for the PAP.

RENEWAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR URBAN RAIL TRANSIT ASSETS

Decision-making surrounding asset renewal is essential for the efficient use of renewal resources and safe operation of urban rail transit. In this study, major problems in the current management of urban rail industries in countries with the same problems as those in China were analysed, and in response, a renewal management framework based on service life estimation was proposed to provide adequate decision-making support for urban rail transit assets. In this framework, the cumulative failure frequency of an asset is used to indicate its health condition, and considering the uncertainties and heterogeneities in the deterioration process of assets, a Poisson–Weibull process model-based methodology was developed to estimate the service and residual lives of each asset, which are then employed in analysing its renewal demand and renewal period. Finally, the model is validated through an empirical study of rail renewal in the Beijing Metro. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed framework can estimate each asset’s service life accurately and can be used by asset management personnel to establish reasonable renewal plans and provide decision-making support for a scientifically informed resource allocation, thus mitigating major problems in current management practices.

Tafsir al-Lughawi&gt;&gt;&gt;: Histori dan Penerapannya

Abstract: This article discusses the tafsir al-lughawi&gt; especially in terms of the aspects of balaghah al-Qur'an. Tafsir al-lughawi&gt; is one of the features of interpretation that explains the verses of the al-Qur’an from the side of language. Because the al-Qur'an has a very high language style, the interpreter who will interpret the al-Qur’an with this style must have the ability in the balaghah of the Qur'an. The seeds of this interpretation have existed since the time of Prophet Muhammad, which was then continued by the next generation. In the following period, the tafsir al-lughawi&gt; was divided into three periods, namely the period of formation, strengthening/rooting, and renewal. Regarding balaghah al-Qur'an, Al-Rummani&gt; in his al-Nukt fi&gt; I’ja&gt;z al-Qur'a&gt;n divides it into ten namely ijaz, tashbi&gt;h, isti’a&gt;rah, tala&gt;’um, fawa&gt;s}il, taja&gt;nus, tas}ri&gt;f, tad}mi&gt;n, muba&gt;laghah,and baya&gt;n.&#x0D; Keywords: Tafsir el-Lughawi&gt;, Bala&gt;ghah, el-Rummani

Adaptation to Motherhood in Central Asian-Korean Immigrants to Korea: A Grounded Theory Study

This qualitative study aimed to develop a substantive theory of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted from July to September 2017, with 18 women who emigrated of Korean ethnicity from Central Asia to Korea, and took care of their baby for at least a year after their first delivery in Korea. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data from the transcriptions were analyzed through Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method, and data analysis was conducted simultaneously with data collection. As a result of categorizing the interview data through the process of open coding, 10 categories, with 31 subcategories and 102 concepts were drawn, and "growth as a Central Asian-Korean mother in an unfamiliar, historical hometown" was found to be the core category of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea. A characteristic of the process of adaptation to motherhood in Central Asian-Korean immigrants to Korea, drawn from this study, is that it differs according to the level of initiative to carry out interaction strategies, and the use of various supportive social resources. The findings indicate the need for Medicare eligibility adjustment for antenatal care, the extension of the visa renewal period during childbirth, the development of web- or mobile application-based educational programs in Russian language, and the establishment of integrated visiting healthcare services, community service resources, and policy support to enable these women to utilize various supportive social resources.