Labor Remuneration Research Articles

Beekeeping and agropastoralism interactions through floral resources in the French Mount Lozère

Beekeeping has faced increasing difficulties during the past decades, among which is the decline in floral resources. Agriculture provides essential floral resources for beekeeping, but some farming practices have also been shown to be responsible for their decline. To provide floral resources for beekeeping, what type of agricultural transformation should be promoted, and how? To answer these questions, we still lack knowledge about the floral resources that are used by beekeeping and about the technical-economic obstacles that farmers face in implementing more favorable farming practices, particularly in agropastoral settings. To help fill these gaps, we develop a novel approach that frames both agropastoral farming and beekeeping as farming systems, by characterizing the beekeeping systems of a given place, the floral resources they use, and the impacts these farming systems have on floral resources. This approach is applied to the agropastoral landscapes of Mount Lozère, southern France, using a methodology based on semi-structured interviews with farmers and beekeepers addressing the agronomical functioning of their farms. We demonstrate that the floral resources used by beekeepers on Mount Lozère are threatened by the current dominant agricultural development paths, which seek to maximize the material productivity of labor. Such paths lead to the intensification of agricultural practices in harvested areas and the extensification of rangelands. These pathways are reinforced by the low remuneration of agropastoral labor and by the current rules of the European Union Common Agricultural Policy. “Frugal” farming, a farming system based on reduced inputs and investments, and labor-intensive practices, namely, a labor-intensive use of pasture, seems an effective way to produce floral resources. Both, agropastoral farmers and beekeepers, would benefit from an increase in the number of agricultural workers in agropastoral landscapes. This calls for public policies that promote a better remuneration of agropastoral labor, either directly or by driving market mechanisms.

National labor market and labor remuneration regulatory considerations: Trends in the main indicators

Subject. This article discusses the issues of improving the standard of living, developing national human capital, and forming a socially oriented State policy. Objectives. The article aims to identify trends in the development of the national labor market based on statistical data for the period 2018–2022, and determine the peculiarities of the statutory regulation of labor relations in terms of remuneration of employees. Methods. For the study, we used the general scientific research methods. Results. Based on the analysis of changes in official statistical indicators, the article identifies the successes, challenges, problems and threats faced by the Russian labor market. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used when designing a policy in the field of labor and employment. The statutory regulation of remuneration needs to be improved.

The Digital Ruble among Labor Remuneration Forms: Problems and Prospects of Use

The Digital Ruble among Labor Remuneration Forms: Problems and Prospects of Use

Інституційний простір сфери оплати праці.

The problem of adequate performance of economic and social functions of labor remuneration and its compliance with the criteria of decent work is extremely relevant for Ukraine. The problem cannot be solved only by adjusting the existing and adopting new normative legal acts of labor law, since the corresponding legislative amendments must be accepted by the key parties to social and labor relations. The purpose of the article is to investigate the institutional environment in the field of labor remuneration in Ukraine in its various manifestations, to identify the most common institutional constructions, structures and practices that need correction and should become a priority object of state policy. The research was conducted using the methods of desk study. In the absence of official statistical data on the labor market and wages, indirect assessment methods were used based on available administrative data, materials of international organizations, results of sociological surveys, etc. The authors abandoned the traditional identification of institutions exclusively with formal organizations, which are mainly created by the government. The novelty is provided by the study of widespread informal institutional structures and practices, their main manifestations and socio-economic consequences. he study revealed that due to the low efficiency of controlling and punitive instruments of state regulation, several informal and implicit institutional structures have taken root in the institutional environment of the sphere of labor remuneration in addition to or instead of formal norms and rules, in particular, the shadowing of labor remuneration, labor remuneration based on individual agreements, unpaid overtime work, fictitious individual entrepreneurs, etc. Manifestations, main causes and consequences of the spread of informal practices are analysed. The impact of the full-scale military aggression against Ukraine on the labor market and labor force patterns in terms of working conditions and wages is assessed, and the risk of deepening shortage of workers for the needs of the post-war reconstruction is emphasized. The role of the government as the largest employer and the main transformations of the wage institution in the public sector are revealed. Conclusions have been made regarding the priority functions of the state in the sphere of wages, based on the need to ensure the resilience of the national economy.

Research on the Protection of Labor Rights and Interests of Retirees' Re-employment

With the deepening of the development of China's aging society, the insufficient supply of the labor market has become increasingly apparent. The protection of the labor rights and interests of retirees in their re-employment can effectively respond to the strategic requirements of active aging, which is in line with the principle of respecting labor and opposing discrimination. Specific measures can be taken to clarify the labor subject status of the elderly retirees, improve the system of receiving and issuing pensions, clarify the composition of the labor remuneration of the retired re-employed personnel and protect it reasonably, establish a special labor safety system, and improve the protection of the labor rights and interests of the retired re-employed personnel with the collective protection of trade unions.

Вплив адміністративно-територіальної реформи на покращення управління персоналом у публічному управлінні

Administrative-territorial reform is a key factor in modern public administration as it directly impacts the organizational structure and functioning of state agencies at various levels of government. This article examines the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on human resource management in the public administration sector. First of all, the reform may lead to changes in the structure and competencies of state agencies, which requires revision of the processes of hiring, firing, and managing personnel. New administrative units may be created or existing ones may be reorganized, causing the need to identify and consider personnel changes. Further adaptation of personnel to new working conditions and requirements may need training, retraining, and development. In this context, it is important to ensure proper communication and involvement of personnel in the change process. The reform may also impact the systems of motivation and encouragement of personnel in the public administration sector. New requirements for efficiency and performance may be necessary to determine the system of labor remuneration and other incentives. In general, administrative-territorial reform is not only a challenge but can also be an opportunity to improve human resource management in the public administration sector if it is implemented with due attention to the needs and interests of personnel, as well as taking into account modern methods of human resource management. The article aims to study the impact of the administrative-territorial reform on the improvement of personnel management in public administration. The author shows that the main goal of the state personnel policy lies in forecasting and programming of personnel provision and determination of the strategic vision of formation, professional development, and rational use of personnel and all labor resources of Ukraine. The practical implementation of the personnel policy of the state and the organization is carried out through the personnel management function. The article emphasizes the concept of “human resource management” as a targeted activity of the organization’s management, executives, and specialists of the HR management system, which includes the development of the concept and strategy of personnel policy and principles and methods of human resource management of the organization. Keywords: public policy, management, personnel policy, personnel, human resource management system.

Research and Academic Personnel: Reproduction in Crisis Conditions

The article examines the issues of research and academic personnel reproduction in Russia. The main relevant statistical indicators are given in dynamics. The author considers various factors affecting the reproduction of researchers and reasons for their outflow from sciences. Among them there are: financial security for scientific research and remuneration of labor; motivation to engage in research activities; career aspirations; precarization of scientific activity; the presence of schools of thought and leaders; bureaucratization of activities and excessive control; technocratic approach in science management, etc. The issues related to the preservation of intellectual potential and the formation of the prestige of research activities are updated. The main problem is the growing contradiction between the reduction in the number of researchers and academic staff and the emerging need to strengthen the scholarly potential of the country in modern conditions.

Do Wages Follow Productivity? Evidence from European Countries

Abstract Economic theory assumes that factors are paid according to their marginal productivity, however the empirical validity of this hypothesis has been questioned in some of the literature. We use data from Eurostat to examine the changes of labour remuneration and labour productivity during the period 2004-2020 in a panel of European countries. The results from the panel regression analysis confirm that in general there is a strong link between labour productivity and the compensation of employees. However, exploratory analysis shows that the sample is characterized with internal heterogeneity. Growth is higher in Central and Eastern Europe and for some countries from the region there is decoupling of productivity and labour remuneration. The latter has seen stronger growth, with the exception of Romania, where in real terms productivity has been growing faster than wages. Possible explanations of the decoupling are catching up and convergence, integration in the world economy, factor mobility, difference in labour market institutions and excessive labour demand, but the present research is inconclusive.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СОРТОВ РАПСА

The formation of varietal resources is a powerful factor ensuring food security of the country. The purpose of our research is to analyze the production of modern varieties and hybrids of spring rapeseed in the conditions of Western Siberia (on the example of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region) and to determine the economic efficiency of their cultivation. Methods of mathematical, statistical analysis of data from published official statistical sources were used. The prime costs, revenues and cost recovery for the cultivation of domestic varieties Yubileyny and 55region, foreign varieties (Heros) and hybrid (PR46X75) are calculated. The data on the structure of prime costs of spring rapeseed are presented, where the largest share of costs is accounted for by plant protection products (32.8%), and approximately equal shares (10.5-13%) are accounted for by labor remuneration, maintenance of fixed assets and other basic costs. The share of seed costs depends on the seed material and varies from 3% for varieties to 10% for hybrids. On average for the years of research (2021-2023) the maximum oilseed yield was observed in hybrid PR46X75 - 2.23 t/ha, where the net income amounted to 56547 rubles/ha, but the cost recovery in this variant is the lowest - 4.82, due to high costs (14813 rubles/ha) in comparison with the cultivation of varieties of Siberian breeding Yubileyny and 55region, whose indicators amounted to 51202-54590 rubles/ha, 5.21-5.22 and 12158-12930 rubles/ha, respectively. The highest profitability was achieved in the cultivation of the spring rapeseed varieties 55region (422%) and Yubileyny (421%), and the lowest - in the hybrid PR46X75 - 382%.

INVESTIGATION OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AND MOTIVATION IN THE COMPANY "INNOVATOR"

Nino Lazviashvili E-mail: lazviashvilinino11@gtu.ge Professor, Georgian Technical University Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1251-4475 Zurab Gegenava E-mail: gege@innovator.ge PhD student, Georgian Technical University Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7855-5987 Abstract: In the article - "Investigation of the correlation between employee productivity and motivation in the company "Innovator"" - in the period of 2018-2022 (number of observations n=5), the density of the correlation between productivity (y) and economic motivation (x) in the company "Innovator" is calculated and evaluated. The calculation is made both in terms of the entire number of employees and on average per employee. In any organization there is a resultative event and its cause (or causes). In this particular case, in the company "Innovator" the effective indicator is productivity, i.e. turnover (y), and the causal indicator is labor remuneration (x). The correlation is one-factor, i.e. pairwise, and also linear. In the paper, the density of the correlation connection is calculated by a special formula (Ч_yx ), which is perceived as positively functional if its value is placed in the norm of the numerical connection between the x and y values [-1; 1]. The research established that the correlation coefficient between productivity and motivation in the company "Innovator" is: for the total number of employees - 0.8075 (ie 80.7%) per employee on average - 0.7959 (ie 79.5%) Both these coefficients are placed in the interval between -1 and +1, which indicates the essentiality of this connection. The essentiality (significance) of these coefficients in the paper is substantiated using the student's distribution table. The paper concludes that more than 80% of overall productivity in the company "Innovator" is influenced by external motivation, i.e. the amount of remuneration, and the rest by the internal human factor, i.e. "motivation 3.0". Keywords: correlation; correlational connection; connection density; pairwise correlation; successful event; causal event; correlation coefficient; Student criteria. JEL classification: A2; M12;

Analysis of Costs in Assessing the Effectiveness of Cultural and Recreational Park

Introduction. The management of socio-cultural activities is complicated by evaluating the effectiveness of institutions in the socio-cultural sphere. Unlike the commercial sector, where results can be measured in monetary terms, results in the socio-cultural sphere can be more challenging to measure. The goal of this study is to assess the efficiency of the cultural and recreational park activities. Materials and Methods. Formal methods were used to calculate efficiency indicators and informal methods were based on heuristic approaches, comparison, grouping and summarizing data. The research materials included works of Russian and foreign scholars, practical data available on the websites of cultural and art institutions, and other media sources. The research object is the Municipal Autonomous Cultural Institution "City Park of Culture and Recreation" in Oryol city. The analysis of indicators is presented for the period of 2020-2022 based on analytical data from the park's website. The results include performance indicators of the park, algorithms for calculating the efficiency indicators and reporting values, the composition and structure of labor costs, the labor remuneration fund and its relationship with productivity. Measures are proposed to review the expenditure structure of the park in order to establish a system of program-oriented planning, distribution of expenses into tactical and non-tactical ones to strengthen the role and improve the methods of medium-term planning. Conclusions. Based on the effective cost management and the implementation of appropriate strategies and tools, efficiency assessment issues can be overcome and goals can be achieved.

The main state guarantees for the remuneration of employees: analysis of legislation and court practice

According to judicial statistics on the work of courts of general jurisdiction in the consideration of civil cases, the largest number of labor disputes filed from year to year is disputes about labor remuneration. According to the author, this is caused by the imperfection of the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation concerning guarantees in this sphere and, as a result, difficulties in law enforcement, which in turn entails a lack of uniformity of judicial practice.

Research on the Evaluation and Influencing Factors of China’s Provincial Employment Quality Based on Principal Tensor Analysis

The research on the quality of employment in China holds immense significance for attaining high-quality employment development. Firstly, enhancing the quality of employment facilitates the optimization of labor resource allocation and enhances economic efficiency. Secondly, high-quality employment serves as a fundamental pillar for social equity and stability. Lastly, continual enhancement of employment quality caters to the requirements of social development and plays a crucial role in promoting economic transformation and achieving sustainable development. However, what is the current situation of employment quality in China? How can we scientifically measure employment quality? What are the key factors for the development of employment quality? This study aimed to use spatiotemporal tensor data to measure the level of employment quality in China’s provinces and analyzed the magnitude and direction of its influencing factors in the spatiotemporal dimension. Taking thirty provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government in China from 2011 to 2020 as the research objects, the employment quality evaluation system was constructed from six dimensions: employment environment, employment status, employability, labor remuneration, social security, and labor relations. The employment quality index data were expressed in the form of three-order, high-dimensional tensor spatiotemporal data, and the employment quality of China’s provinces was measured from the spatiotemporal perspective by using principal tensor analysis. Then, the visual analysis of the development and change process of employment quality was carried out. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of employment quality was carried out, and the time–space dual-fixed-effect model of the spatial Durbin model was selected to analyze the direction and magnitude of the influence factors of employment quality on the selected and neighboring provinces. The research showed that: (1) The overall level of employment quality in China was not high, the employment quality varied greatly among provinces, and the employment quality development gap among provinces showed a trend of widening. (2) The development of employment quality in western China was relatively fast, while the development of employment quality in central China showed insufficient stamina. (3) Sichuan Province had a strong radiation effect on the development of employment quality in neighboring provinces, and Beijing and Tianjin had a strong siphon effect on the development of employment quality in neighboring provinces. (4) The level of industrialization and informatization promoted the development of employment quality in China’s provinces, while the industrial structure had a significant negative effect on the development of employment quality. According to the research findings, the following policy recommendations are proposed: (1) strengthen inter-provincial cooperation and exchange, (2) emphasize support for the central and western regions, (3) fully leverage the radiation effect of Sichuan while optimizing the siphon effect of Beijing and Tianjin, and (4) enhance industrialization and information technology levels, as well as adjust the industrial structure.

HUMAN CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH OF COMPETITIVENESS

Purpose of the research. The article substantiates the need to form competitive human capital on the example of advanced countries, the purpose of which is to determine the sources of formation of eff ective human capital.Methodology: In the course of the study the methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical and comparative analysis were applied. The authors conducted a literature review of scientifi c works in the fi eld of human capital formation of both domestic and foreign economists, studied the best practices of countries, and the possibility of its application in the Kazakhstani realities. For a more in-depth study of the issues were considered strategic programs and analyzed statistical compilations.Originality / value. The main indicators of the health care system, providing the formation of health capital as a component of human capital, have been analyzed. The main problems of education and health care spheres are defi ned. The comparison of labor remuneration indicators with advanced countries both in the average value and by sectors of the economy as a whole is carried out, the degree of its infl uence on the development of human capital is determined.Findings: A mechanism for the development of national human capital in the conditions of building an innovative economy is proposed. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the eff ectiveness of investments in the development and realization of the country's human capital.

Does artificial intelligence promote common prosperity within enterprises? —Evidence from Chinese-listed companies in the service industry

As the largest industry that absorbs labor from different levels of employment and provides different levels of labor remuneration, the service industry has faced severe challenges from the wave of artificial intelligence replacement. This study examines whether artificial intelligence promotes shared prosperity among service industry enterprises based on microdata of listed companies in the Chinese service industry from 2008 to 2022. The main research results indicate that the application of artificial intelligence in the service industry significantly reduces enterprises' labor income share. The main mechanisms of action include the employment structure effect of squeezing out low-educated and frontline workers and the wage-productivity effect that improves labor productivity but benefits capital income, leading to an unequal income distribution. Research has found that improving the integration of regional labor markets and workers' bargaining power can help alleviate the negative effects of artificial intelligence applications on the share of labor income in the service industry. This study helps developing countries, such as China, manage the impact of the widespread application of artificial intelligence on the labor market in the service industry and provides important policy insights for achieving common prosperity.

Personnel of Digital Transformation in Agriculture

The solution of the problem of digital transformation of agriculture is becoming particularly relevant in connection with the sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation. World practice and the experience of successful domestic agricultural producers show that the use of modern digital technologies makes it possible to create optimal conditions that ensure a significant increase in plant yields, animal productivity and labor productivity throughout the life cycle of agricultural products, reducing material costs for fuels and lubricants, electricity, plant protection products, labor remuneration and other types of expenses, soil fertility preservation and environmental protection. The article systematizes global trends in the spread of digital technologies in the field of agriculture. Based on the data of the federal statistical observation, as well as monitoring of digital maturity, quantitative results of the involvement of ICT specialists (including IT specialists) in the field of agriculture in the period 2019-2021 are presented. The purpose of this article is to identify the problem of the lack of qualified personnel with digital competencies in agriculture, to show the current situation of human resources, as well as to make recommendations on measures of state support for improving the working conditions of IT specialists in the economic and social sectors.

МІСЦЕ ОПЛАТИ ПРАЦІ В КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СОЦІАЛЬНО ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА ЕКОНОМІКИ

In the current context of globalization and growing demands for corporate transparency, the issue of fair pay is becoming not only an ethical obligation, but also an essential factor for maintaining the stability and competitiveness of agribusiness. Therefore, studying the place of remuneration in the system of social responsibility allows us to better understand how the integration of social responsibility principles into management practices can help increase the efficiency and strengthen the reputation of agricultural enterprises. The methodological basis of the study is a systematic approach that allows for a comprehensive study of the role of remuneration in the system of socially responsible business in the agricultural sector of the economy, as well as a dialectical method that provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between social responsibility, fair remuneration and corporate practices. This approach contributes to a detailed study of the reflection of information on labor remuneration in the company’s reporting in the context of ensuring transparency and compliance with social and ethical standards. The research methods are used in interconnection and interdependence, which allows for accurate and comprehensive results. The study provides a comparative analysis of the average monthly wage in Ukraine with European countries, which emphasizes the existing economic inequalities. The dynamics of changes in wages in the agricultural sector of Ukraine in comparison with other sectors of the economy is studied. The features of disclosure of information on labor remuneration in the financial and integrated reporting of enterprises are characterized. The experience of leading companies in implementing the principle of social responsibility in the agricultural sector through disclosure of information on fair wages and compliance with ethical standards in integrated reporting is analyzed. It is established that transparency in disclosing information on remuneration is an important factor in ensuring trust among stakeholders and meets the modern requirements of ethical business standards.

State regulation of minimum standards and guarantees in labor remuneration

State regulation of minimum standards and guarantees in labor remuneration

Assessment of the sustainability of the swine supply chain

Purpose: Among the production chains, the pig farming supply chain stands out. The study aims to identify the level of sustainability in the swine production chain based on the analysis of externalities, considering the criteria of the System of Management and Assessment of Sustainability of Pig Farming. Design/methodology/approach: The case study is carried out at a rural property in the municipality of Herval D’Oeste-Santa Catarina, the research is descriptive with qualitative analysis. For the development of the research, the information about the productive process was identified through interviews, the structured script allowed for identification of about 60 metrics and external indicators of the social, environmental, and economic-financial dimensions. Findings: The economic-financial dimension presented the remuneration of labor and invested capital as positive externalities. The social performance indicators (social interaction, human capital, and environmental practices) showed compliance levels in the model. Based on the analysis, negative externalities were identified in the environmental assessment indicators of water, air/greenhouse effect, and energy, highlighting the need for improvements in the production process and in the management of natural resources. Practical implications: The model contributes to the evaluation of production practices and indicates weaknesses and needs for improvements in the management of the pork supply chain. Social implications: The results demonstrate the importance of assessing sustainability in rural areas, considering it relevant link in the production chain. Originality/value: The analysis highlights the importance of assessing sustainability in supply chains, aiming to correct the negative externalities of the production process of rural activities.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ОПЛАТИ ПРАЦІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

In modern conditions, the payroll fund is a key instrument in the formation of relations between employers and employees, it is fundamental and forms the basis for socioeconomic relations between business entities. Changes in legislation, tax policy and the desire to balance the interests of employers and employees are driving the improvement of payroll management mechanisms. In market conditions, incorrect management of the payroll fund does not allow domestic enterprises to ensure additional profit by reducing labor costs, and does not fulfill the necessary motivating function of stimulating productivity growth. However, despite the large number of publications, the urgent task remains to create a mechanism for regulating remuneration, which should be based on ensuring that employees are interested in systematical improving the efficiency of labor productivity, which will enable them to earn funds for timely payment of wages and salaries, increase their level, develop production, and increase, if necessary, the number of jobs, which confirms the relevance of given study, especially in times of war. The article examines the problems in the organization of labor remuneration management under martial law. The factors of influence on the structure of the labor force in modern economic conditions are determined. In the course of the study, the author used general scientific theoretical methods: system analysis - to clarify the main research criteria; the method of induction - at the stage of collecting, systematizing and processing information for the study; the method of deduction - in the process of studying theoretical problems; abstract and logical method - to make theoretical generalizations and conclusions about the problems and challenges of wage management in wartime. The article examines the mechanisms for managing the organization of remuneration under martial law and identifies the main factors influencing the structure of the labor force. The principles of labor remuneration organization and the impact of the aggressor on labor resources in Ukraine are considered. It is established that the legislation regulates some issues related to the management of remuneration under martial law, as well as the main directions for improving the management of labor incentives in the post-war period. It is possible for Ukrainian enterprises to achieve further development and recover in the post-war period through balanced management decisions on remuneration, legislative support for the working-age population, and incentives for employees to rebuild the Ukrainian economy. Our country has lost a significant part of its population due to the hostilities, about 8 million citizens migrated to foreign countries in 2023, thousands of working-age people were forced to move from the war zone to safer regions, and a significant number of people are defending Ukraine with dignity in the Armed Forces. In the current situation, the issue of managing the remuneration organization is extremely important and relevant, because enterprises have experienced a significant hunger for labor resources, which is why this issue requires further research.