Malachite Green Removal Research Articles

Design of a novel Ag-MOF@GO composite with a high specific surface area and structural stability for the efficient removal of malachite green

In this work, Ag-MOF and Ag-MOF@GO are synthesized via sonication and applied for the adsorption of the malachite green dye for the first time, producing a composite that is promising for environmental treatment and the adsorption of pollutants.

Investigation of malachite green removal using graphene oxide-zinc oxide composite from aqueous solution: synthesis, characterization and application

Investigation of malachite green removal using graphene oxide-zinc oxide composite from aqueous solution: synthesis, characterization and application

Cage-Based Covalent Organic Framework for the Effective and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Wastewater.

A cage-covalent organic framework (COF)-TP {T = bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine); P = piperazine}, a novel two-dimensional covalent organic skeleton substituted with a nucleophilic cyanuric chloride analogue, was synthesized by a simple polymerization process. Cage-COF-TP is advantageous owing to its good structural order, permanent porosity, and low preparation cost. This skeleton was employed as a cost-effective adsorbent for the intermittent adsorption of an organic dye from aqueous solutions. Adsorption experiments were carried out at different initial dye concentrations, contact times, and solution pH. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model, and the results of thermodynamic studies were consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. The high degree of matching between the size and shape of malachite green (MG) and the shrunken channels present in Cage-COF-TP were responsible for the enhanced adsorption ability of this material. Furthermore, theoretical calculations indicated that the high adsorption of the studied adsorbent can be attributed to the presence of nitrogen-rich triazine units in the Cage-COF-TP, which are expected to strengthen its affinity to guest molecules. The obtained results showed that the developed adsorbent is an efficient adsorbent that is theoretically capable of stimulating the removal of ∼2000 mg/g MG from wastewater at ambient temperature. This study will therefore be expected to promote the development of new functional materials based on COFs.

The Use of Pyrolytic Char Derived from Waste Tires in the Removal of Malachite Green from Dyeing Wastewater

The organic dye malachite green (MG) poses a potential risk of cancer and fertility loss in humans and aquatic organisms. This study focused on a modified pyrolytic char (PC) derived from waste tires to efficiently remove MG from wastewater. Modified PC has rich -OH functional groups, higher BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surfaces of 74.4, 64.95, and 67.31 m2/g, and larger pore volumes of 0.52, 0.47, and 0.62 cm3/g for NaOH, Na2CO3, and CaO modification, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model fit the adsorption well, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 937.8 mg/g for PC after CaO activation (CaO-PC). NaOH-modified PC (NaOH-PC) showed the best fit with the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.918). It is suggested that alkali-modified waste tire pyrolytic char could be a potential adsorbent for removing MG from dye-containing wastewater.

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles for malachite green removal

Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs) using plant extract is a suitable alternative for chemically synthesised Fe NPs due to their low cost, high stability, high reactivity, and environmental compatibility. The objective of the present study is to synthesise Fe NPs from ethanolic seed coat extracts of Strychnos nux vomica (SN) and Abrus precatorius (AP) and to investigate the removal efficiency for malachite green dye (MG). The synthesised AP-Fe NPs exist in crystalline and amorphous forms with particle sizes ranging between 3-32 nm, whereas SN-Fe NPs are amorphous with particle sizes ranging between 2.1-5 nm. The removal efficiency of prepared Fe NPs for MG shows that the AP-Fe NPs were more effective than SN-Fe NPs. The malachite green removal efficiency increases with increasing nanoparticle dosage and contact time. Acidic pH and low initial concentration of the dye solution were the other favourable conditions for malachite green removal. [4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-phenylmethanone, benzoic acid and diphenylmethanone are the malachite green degradation products identified after treating with AP-Fe nanoparticles. • Fe nanoparticles were prepared using plant extracts of Strychnos nux vomica and Abrus precatorius . • AP-Fe nanoparticles show high malachite green removal efficiency compared to SN-Fe nanoparticles. • Degradation product of malachite green using AP-Fe nanoparticles were identified.

Effect of Ni doping on the adsorption and visible light photocatalytic activity of ZnO hexagonal nanorods

Pristine and 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 wt% Ni doped ZnO nanorods are prepared by hydrothermal technique as an effective photocatalyst for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous media. Kinetic modelling of photocatalytic degradation and adsorption properties of the catalysts are done by pseudo first order (PFO), pseudo second order (PSO), fractal like psuedo first order (FPFO), fractal like psuedo second order (FPSO), elovich, exponential and intra particle diffusion (IPD) models. In contrary to the general trend, adsorption efficiency of ZnO is decreased while photocatalytic property got enhanced with doping. As-prepared catalysts are well characterised using XRD, FESEM, XPS, EDS, BET, UV and PL. This study points out the effect of Ni doping on the adsorption and visible light photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanostrutures via detailed kinetic modelling and explanation through various characterisation techniques and show cases their practical application in the field of waste water management. Water quality analysis was done post to degradation studies and the purified water samples have pH in the permissible range of drinking water which shows the efficient removal of dye molecules from the solution.

Waste Valorization of a Recycled ZnCoFe Mixed Metal Oxide/Ceftriaxone Waste Layered Nanoadsorbent for Further Dye Removal.

Waste valorization of spent wastewater nanoadsorbents is a promising technique to support the circular economy strategies. The terrible rise of heavy metal pollution in the environment is considered a serious threat to the terrestrial and aquatic environment. This led to the necessity of developing cost-effective, operation-convenient, and recyclable adsorbents. ZnCoFe mixed metal oxide (MMO) was synthesized using co-precipitation. The sample was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Factors affecting the adsorption process such as pH, the dose of adsorbent, and time were investigated. ZnCoFe MMO showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 118.45 mg/g for ceftriaxone sodium. The spent MMO was recycled as an adsorbent for malachite green (MG) removal. Interestingly, the spent adsorbent showed 94% removal percent for MG as compared to the fresh MMO (90%). The kinetic investigation of the adsorption process was performed and discussed. In addition, ZnCoFe MMO was tested as an antimicrobial agent. The proposed approach opens up a new avenue for recycling wastes after adsorption into value-added materials for utilization in adsorbent production with excellent performance as antimicrobial agents.

A pH-Sensitive Surface of Chitosan/Sepiolite Clay/Algae Biocomposite for the Removal of Malachite Green and Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dyes: Optimization and Adsorption Mechanism Study

A pH-Sensitive Surface of Chitosan/Sepiolite Clay/Algae Biocomposite for the Removal of Malachite Green and Remazol Brilliant Blue R Dyes: Optimization and Adsorption Mechanism Study

Modified Cobalt Ferrite Entrapped Chitosan Beads as a Magnetic Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Malachite Green and Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Modified Cobalt Ferrite Entrapped Chitosan Beads as a Magnetic Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Malachite Green and Copper (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Synthesis of Iron-containing Nanoparticles from Iron-Steel Industrial Waste for Adsorption of Malachite Green

For the synthesis of iron-containing nanoparticles (FeNPs), the iron ions were recovered from iron-steel industrial waste by leaching method followed by the chemical precipitation of ferric hydroxide with NH3. The ferric hydroxide was reduced pyrometallurgical to iron-containing nanoparticles by the reducing agent of CO generated from charcoal. FeNPs were characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. XRD results showed that FeNPs had predominantly face-centered cubic Fe3O4 structure, besides, the peaks of Fe2O3 and Fe0 structures were also observed. The particle size of FeNPs was calculated as 57.75 nm using Williamson–Hall equation. According to SEM images, FeNPs had homogeneous and spherical-like structures; also, the structures partially decomposed and the particle size increased due to the agglomeration of the particles after adsorption. FeNPs were used as an adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green (MG). The experimental design and the optimization of experimental conditions were investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM) according to central composite design (CCD). The optimum experimental conditions were determined as 180 min contact time, 75 °C temperature, and 300 mg/L initial MG concentration. The agreement between the adsorbed MG concentrations at the equilibrium (qe) calculated from the model (148.43 mg/g) and determined experimentally (146.63 mg/g) under the optimum conditions showed that the selected model was suitable for MG adsorption by FeNPs. Langmuir isotherm model had higher R2 and lower ARE values than Freundlich isotherm model, showing that the equilibrium data of MG adsorption with FeNPs was the best agreement to Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum monolayer coverage capacity of 175.44 mg dye/g FeNPs. The thermodynamic studies suggested that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous at the optimum conditions, and the positive ΔS value indicated the increased disorder at the solid-solution interface during the adsorption.

Utilization of fly ash for the effective removal of hazardous dyes from textile effluent

• Fly Ash from brick kiln was modified as Brick Sand Blended Fly Ash for the dye adsorption. • BSBFA fly ash was used for the removal of Malachite Green and MV dyes. • Maximum removal efficiency for MV was recorded up to 96% by using BSBFA. • The system follows Langmuir and first order Lagregren in isotherm and kinetics model. A novel adsorbent, Brick Sand Blended Fly Ash (BSBFA) from Brick Kiln, removes synthetic dyes from the polluted aqua. It is a cost-effective and environmentally suitable material. This study compares the adsorption capacity of BSBFA when used to treat Malachite Green (MG) and Methyl Violet (MV) dye as synthetic pollutants. Characterization studies like Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are performed to evaluate the surface area, available active sites, and functional groups in BSBFA. Batch study experiments like adsorbent dose, pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature are varied to attain good removal efficiency. The adsorption capacities of MV and MG are 5.144 mg/g, and 5.88 mg/g is achieved through the batch mode process. The adsorption process was examined by the Lagergren first-order model, Natarajan and Khalaf model, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar, and intraparticle diffusion models to state the adsorption mechanism. The interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate can be determined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The isotherms are used to evaluate the homogeneous and heterogeneous nature of the adsorption process. MG has a higher adsorption capacity than MV, and it states that BSBFA is a sustainable adsorbent and can be used as a dye removing agent.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of malachite green by sulfur-doped titanium dioxide/porous reduced graphene oxide

In this study, the sulfur-doped titanium dioxide (S-TiO2) was prepared via the sol-gel method, while the effect of calcination temperature was also investigated. The sulfur-doped titanium dioxide/porous reduced graphene oxide (S-TiO2/rGO) was successfully synthesized via the in-situ method with the support of hydrothermal and ultrasonication processes. The characterization of the materials was also scrutinized via several advanced analysis methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and photoluminescence (PL). In terms of the photodegradation performance, the malachite green (MG) removal efficiency of the S-TiO2/rGO (99.86 %) was higher than that of S-TiO2 (78.88 %). Besides, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was analyzed to investigate the mineralization of MG in the photodegradation reaction. Concurrently, the removal efficiency of MG was also determined under the illumination of UV light and sunlight. The material shows high reusability after ten consecutive runs. According to the results, the S-TiO2/rGO material exhibits excellent potential in the degradation of organic pollutants in the water reservoirs.

Fabrication of different adsorbents based on zirconium oxide, graphene oxide, and dextrin for removal of green malachite dye from aqueous solutions

In this study, graphene oxide and amine graphene were studied by binding to dextrin and zirconium oxide nanoparticles as adsorbent nanocomposites to the removal of dye. Identification and characterization of the synthesized materials were examined using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET analyses. Adsorption tests between adsorbents and green malachite (MG) dye solution for the synthesized nanocomposites were performed by considering parameters such as contact time, solution pH, and adsorbent dosage. The data indicated that dye removal increased with increasing the amount of adsorbent dosage. Increased dye removal by increasing the adsorbent dosage can be attributed to the increase of availability of the number of active sites. The active adsorption sites are saturated during the adsorption process, by the molecules of the adsorbate and filled over time. The results showed that the synthesized bio-composite had malachite green removal ability from aqueous media.

Correction to: Synthesis and characterization of Aloe-vera-poly(acrylic acid) -Cu-Ni-bionanocomposite: its evaluation as removal of carcinogenic dye malachite green

Correction to: Synthesis and characterization of Aloe-vera-poly(acrylic acid) -Cu-Ni-bionanocomposite: its evaluation as removal of carcinogenic dye malachite green

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles-loaded sawdust carbon for malachite green removal from aquatic solutions

MG, an organic compound composed of triphenyl methane, is often widely used in various industries, especially in the food, pharmaceutical and textile industries. This study emphasizes the green synthesis of novel magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles-loaded sawdust carbon (Fe3O4/SC) and their effect on the removal of MG from the aqueous solution. To obtain the optimum conditions of MG removal using the Box–Behnken model, the independent variables such as the initial MG concentration (10–100 mg/L), pH (3–9), reaction time (10–60 min), and Fe3O4/SC nanocomposites dose (0.2–1 g/L) were experimented. According to the quadratic model, the highest removal rate (89.22%) was found at the pH of 8.62, the contact time of 59.86 min, the Fe3O4/SC ncs dose of 0.59 g /L and the MG level of 17.62 mg/L. The MG removal rate follows the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model. The maximum absorption capacity for MG was 41.66 mg/g. These findings suggest that the Fe3O4/SC ncs has a significant potential for the MG adsorption from aqueous solution.

Definitive screening design applied to cationic & anionic adsorption dyes on Almond shells activated carbon: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

The potential use of activated carbon from Almond shells for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) and Methyl Red (MR) respectively. The different factors influencing the adsorption process were screened and optimized in batch using the D.S.D methodology. Isothermal and Kinetic adsorption modeling fits more the Langmuir model and followed pseudo-second-order for both dyes. The positive ΔS° and negative ΔH° values indicate a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The maximum removal of MG was 93.81 % and that of MR was 82.81 %. The characterization of activated carbon after adsorption indicates that this material remains stable and effective.

Synthesis and Adsorptive Performance of a Novel Triazine Core-Containing Resin for the Ultrahigh Removal of Malachite Green from Water

Synthesis and Adsorptive Performance of a Novel Triazine Core-Containing Resin for the Ultrahigh Removal of Malachite Green from Water

Mg/Cr-(COO)22- layered double hydroxide for malachite green removal

Mg/Cr layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared and modified using an intercalation of oxalate anions ((COO)22-) to form Mg/Cr-(COO)22. The materials were then investigated to malachite green removal to determine the adsorption ability. Furthermore, the desorption process and regeneration of adsorbent were systematically conducted. The adsorption of green malachite on Mg/Cr- LDH and Mg/Cr-(COO)22- materials fitted to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model with an adsorption capacity of 33.784 mg/g (333K) for Mg/Cr LDH and 64.516 mg/g (333K) for Mg/Cr-(COO)22-. Thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Also, the appropriate reagent desorption study was found as hydrochloric acid and material regeneration studies exhibited a good recycling performance after 3 times cycles and, the Mg/Cr-oxalate showed a good performance for malachite green adsorption. It can be concluded that Mg/Cr--(COO)22- can adsorb the dye stuffs effectively.

Recent Advances and Prospects of Biochar-based Adsorbents for Malachite Green Removal: A Comprehensive Review

Recent Advances and Prospects of Biochar-based Adsorbents for Malachite Green Removal: A Comprehensive Review

Regulation pore size distribution for facilitating malachite green removal on carbon foam

Malachite green (MG) is widely used as a textile dye and an aquacultural biocide, and become a serious pollution of drink water, but effectually isolating and removing it from wastewater are still a challenge. Here we report a new strategy to prepare a carbon foam with tunable pore size distribution by a one-pot lava foam process. We find that uniform micropore size is beneficial to the formation of C–OH coordination on the pore surface, increasing MG adsorption rates via H+ ionization. As a result, carbon foam with uniform pore size distribution demonstrates an optimum MG removal efficiency of 1812 mg g−1 and a higher partition coefficient of 3.02 mg g−1 μM−1, which is twice that of carbon foams with irregular pore size distribution. The adsorption of MG onto these adsorbents was found to be an endothermic monolayer chemical adsorption process, and the Gibbs free energy of adsorption process was decreased obviously by regulating micropore size distribution. The experiment results are in good agreement with pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Revealed the pore size distribution was the critical factor of MG removal by carbon foam. It should be and inspiration for the design and development of highly efficiency adsorbents for dyes removal.