Remote Access System Research Articles

Development of the architecture of the remote access system to educational laboratory equipment using automated solutions

The subject of the study is remote access to Raspberry Pi-based training equipment and remote desktop software. The purpose of the work is to analyze the means of remote control of equipment and develop the architecture of the system of remote access of students to laboratory equipment for the implementation of distance learning. The following tasks are solved in the article: the branches in which application of means of remote access is the most critical are analyzed, among which the special place is occupied by the educational branch; analysis of existing methods of organization of remote access to training equipment was carried out, advantages and disadvantages of each method were allocated; justification is being made for choosing a Raspberry Pi minicomputer as a hardware platform for building remote access systems; describes the architecture of a complex of technical solutions based on Raspberry Pi for remote control of educational laboratory equipment; implementation of applied system of temperature and humidity monitoring using developed approach is described. Research methods include comparative analysis of existing remote control technologies, prototyping and experimental testing of the developed system. The following results were obtained: the feasibility of using the remote desktop approach and AnyDesk software for organizing access was substantiated, a system based on the Raspberry Pi minicomputer for managing equipment and visualizing data was developed, an applied system for monitoring temperature and humidity using Raspberry Pi and AnyDesk was implemented. Conclusions: The proposed approach of using Raspberry Pi and remote desktop software allows students to effectively organize remote access to laboratory equipment from engineering disciplines during distance learning. This solution combines ease of implementation, interaction with real physical equipment and low cost compared to the use of industrial PLCs.

Application of Industrial Remote Access Control Laboratory

An industrial-scale remote access control laboratory system was developed to address the potential lack of practical laboratory experience for Control and Automation Engineering (CAE) students at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in response to the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-2019). The system consists of six fundamental control theory experiments and aims to test fundamental control engineering topics such as mathematical modeling, system identification, controller design, and design comparison. These experiments are integrated into a remote access system using industry 4.0 methodologies, allowing students to use the experiments remotely over web-based user interfaces. The system has necessary capabilities such as remote control, online experimentation, graphs and charts, live camera view, data storage, accessibility options, and security for robust interaction with students. Two surveys were conducted to collect feedback from students who have not used the system and those who have used it for at least a semester. The results of the first survey showed that students appreciate the opportunity of remote-access laboratory usage on control experiments and would consider using it. The results of the second survey demonstrated that the system fulfills the varied requirements of students and received high overall satisfaction. Overall, the demand for an industrial-scale remote access control laboratory has been met, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the dynamic environment of engineering education.

Developing a Remote Access System by Interfacing ESP32 Microcontroller with 4X4 Keypad

Remote access with a microcontroller refers to the capability to control and communicate with a system based on a microcontroller from a remote location. The paper discusses the creation of a reliable remote access and control system using the ESP32 microcontroller and a 4x4 keypad. This system blends ease of use with robust security measures. With the increasing demand for secure access control solutions, this system makes a significant contribution to the realm of IoT-based authentication systems. Future endeavors may encompass scalability testing, integration with other biometric authentication methods, and additional refinements to expand its applicability

Information system of polyethylene quality control in the circular economy

Polyethylene quality control system is a set of methods and means of control and regulation of components that determine the level of product quality, as well as technical control at all stages of the production process. The first experience of polymerization of polyethylene at the end of the XIX century was received by the scientist Gustavson. For many years, polyethylene was created in small quantities, but in 1938 the process of industrial production was mastered by the British. At that time, the polymerization method was not yet perfect and required additional means of production control. Nowadays, each company uses different methods to control production, but given the complex chemical and technological processes, the need for a more efficient and integrated system that will control the quality of final products and at the same time save raw materials is still relevant. Goal of research: creation of a quality control system for the tasks of notification, control, management of automation systems using remote access and artificial intelligence systems. Study object: technical features of implementation of quality control system for polyethylene production enterprise. Scope of research: quality control system for polyethylene production with elements of artificial intelligence technology. The article deals with the creation of an information system for quality control of polyethylene, which will provide effective and safe management of the production process, high functionality and cross-platform with the help of web technologies and artificial intelligence. The work consists of an introduction, five chapters, conclusions and a list of sources used. In the first section the theoretical and methodological bases of research of quality control system are considered. The second section provides a systematic analysis of the object of study. The third section compares and selects the means of implementing systems. The fourth section describes the created software. In the fifth section, the economic characteristics of the software product and the calculation of the cost of the software product. According to the study, an information system for quality control of polyethylene production was created, the work of which is to establish compliance of products and processes with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation, standard samples, provide information on the production process and maintain its stability, protect enterprise data, identify defective products in the early stages, preventing the production of substandard products.

REMOTE LEARNING SYSTEM MODEL FOR ROBOT PROGRAMMING

The article present the model of the system for remote learning of robot programming, It is built on the basis of the core of the platform, which consists of four layers: the infrastructure layer contains elements that are necessary for the functioning of the ecosystem, and features of the placement of the hardware of this system relative to each other; the hardware layer is a set of devices that make up the hardware configuration of the system: robots, computers which they are connected to, web cameras which are to display the positions of all functional nodes of the robot in detail; the software layer, which includes software tools that support the display of several webcams, an environment for programming and code compilation; the communication layer, which includes the communication channels between the robot and the computer, which will be accessed remotely, as well as the computer’s access to the Internet. The implementation of the model is to be carried out in the following directions: information and consultation; educational one; popularization of robotics and scientific and technical creativity; equipping resource centers divided into functional and technological zones; technological one. The advantages of remote as an element of adaptive education, which enables a student to remotely connect to a class or classroom through specific software, are revealed. The views of scientists regarding the problems of distance learning as an element of adaptive education are analyzed. When studying robotics, it was found that scientists mostly pay attention to the use of Internet services, virtual learning environments, robotics as a promising direction for the development of STEM education or analyze certain control systems, but practically do not focus on remote learning. In practice, the specified model will be implemented through a connection to a computer located in the classroom of the educational institution using a remote access system, on the desktop of which the robot will be displayed from two angles. It also displays the environment for writing and compiling the C++ programming language used for programming the robot directly, and after compiling the code, the user can immediately check the result of the code. In this way, a remote workplace will be created, to which students will be able to connect to perform laboratory classes, and visually observe the results of their work using video communication tools. Practical implementation of the model of remote learning of robot programming was ensured at the Department of Computer Technology of Ternopil V. Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University via connection to a computer located in a classroom of the mentioned educational institution. The procedure was provided by a remote access system. The desktop of the above mentioned computer presents the reflection of the robot from two angles. Also, it shows the environment for writing and compilation of the programming language C++ which will be used for programming of robot. After compilation of the code, a user will immediately have the opportunity to check the result of the code in action. A remote workplace was organized in this way enabling students to connect to it in order to do the laboratory tasks, and observe the results of their work with the help of video conferencing tools.

IoAT Enabled Smart Farming: Urdu Language-Based Solution for Low-Literate Farmers

The agriculture sector is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy, reflecting 26% of its GPD and 43% of the entire labor force. Smart and precise agriculture is the key to producing the best crop yield. Moreover, emerging technologies are reducing energy consumption and cost-effectiveness for saving agricultural resources in control and monitoring systems, especially for those areas lacking these resources. Agricultural productivity is thwarted in many areas of Pakistan due to farmers’ illiteracy, lack of a smart system for remote access to farmland, and an absence of proactive decision-making in all phases of the crop cycle available in their native language. This study proposes an internet of agricultural things (IoAT) based smart system armed with a set of economical, accessible devices and sensors to capture real-time parameters of farms such as soil moisture level, temperature, soil pH level, light intensity, and humidity on frequent intervals of time. The system analyzes the environmental parameters of specific farms and enables the farmers to understand soil and environmental factors, facilitating farmers in terms of soil fertility analysis, suitable crop cultivation, automated irrigation and guidelines, harvest schedule, pest and weed control, crop disease awareness, and fertilizer guidance. The system is integrated with an android application ‘Kistan Pakistan’ (prototype) designed in bilingual, i.e., ‘Urdu’ and ‘English’. The mobile application is equipped with visual components, audio, voice, and iconic and textual menus to be used by diverse literary levels of farmers.

Creating and Evolution Centralized Scientific Journals Remote Access System for Information Support of Russian Scientific Research

The article considers the system of information support of Russian scientific research in the field of natural sciences process. It’s gradual creating and development based on the creation of hybrid scientific library, using both the local (located directly in the library) traditional collection, and collections of electronic full-text media available remotely to the library patron and being a virtual part of the whole library collection.The article deals with the use of scientific journals (mainly foreign) as the most important part of the scientific resources required by Russian scientists’ access. The analysis is based on the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (one of the leading scientific libraries in Russia) example.The mentioned process started in the last centuries 1990s, and, as shown in the article, passes through several stages. From the very beginning, the process required for the libraries to unite into associations for the electronic resources joint use. These associations took, in accordance with international experience, the form of library consortia. At the first stage, consortia were created to bring together several libraries to access the electronic resources of a single foreign library.This system turned out to be viable, but rather cumbersome for a library (for effective work a library has to be a member of several consortia, which turned out to be non-technological). At the next stage, a single consortium was created with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research — Scientific Electronic Library RFBR. Further development required the direct state on the one of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science projects basis support. This process went through several development stages (using as a project operator consortium NEICON, the RNPLS&T and again RFBR — at another level of organization and funding).As a result, by 2020 the providing mainly information support for the work of the main mass of scientific and educational institutions in the specified field system was created and debugged on the practical level. By the early 2020s, the work had entered a more or less stable working mode.The issues requiring an urgent solution are the lack of an insurance copy of resources purchased abroad, which creates an uncertain situation in the event of the relationship with the resource owner termination, and the absence, in full, of a similar access to Russian scientific resources system, if their publication rights, in part, have been transferred to foreign publishers.

A low-cost smart home automation for elderly who has Alzheimer’s or age-related memory loss

Technology, which is developing considerable in recent years, have influence on automation systems as well. With the advancement of the technology, people want to remote access systems and artificial intelligent systems that can consider for them. Nowadays, people started to tend smart house systems in order to facilitate their lives and to live more peaceful. In this study, a smart house automation system was designed on LabVIEW platform for people who has age-related memory loss or Alzheimer’s or who cannot fulfill their needs. The house performs some functions namely, medication reminder, pulse-control sensor, temperature control and fire alarm, door/window warning system, burglar alarm, and lighting systems. This study is based on, communication via e-mail. If there is any abnormality in the house, the system allows users to have an e-mail about the current situation. Since, the study targets elderly or people who needs medical care, this low-cost design can be very preferable in the future.

Remote Access Facilities in Tribhuvan University Central Library of Nepal

After the COVID-19 pandemic, Tribhuvan University Central Library (TUCL) has implemented Remote Access Services to provide more effective e-resources services for its users. It has subscribed to Pro Quest database with RemoteXs software. This software is a single portal access system which makes resources available from anywhere, anytime and twenty-four-seven. Through this portal, TUCL has been providing subscribers’ e-resource as well as other free and open access e-resources to all members of TU. The core concern of this paper is to perform a descriptive analysis of the status of the readers of TU who have connected to this software. Necessary information and data required for this study have been collected and analyzed from the records available in the TUCL RemoteXs software. RemoteXs allows a maximum of 30,000 users per year to subscribe to the software but so far only 7501 users of TU constituent unit have connected to it. Data presentation is based on the subscribers of different categories of users like faculty member, students, research scholars and staffs registered from constituent units of Tribhuvan University. This study finds that Tribhuvan University has provided e-resources service with remote access system free of cost for the users of TU constituent campuses and departments but it has not been used as expected.

Recent Developments in SCADA System for Remote Industry and It’s Experimental Implementation

The world has latest development in remote access system. SCADA has given a prime importance in the field of remote industry .This paper discuss about few contemporary about SCADA system in recent years ,the new revolution in the field of remote industry. Different methods are discussed along with challenges and opportunities. This research includes discussion on SCADA system with their working and its applications along with prototype model which is implemented through software and hardware both .

Honey Encryption Applied to Schnorr Signature Scheme

The security of any cryptosystem mostly depends on the reliability of the protection of secret keys used in it. In particular, key generation procedure must give a variety of keys so that they cannot be picked up by a brute-force attack. Honey encryption is used as an additional barrier of cryptosystems' keys protection to slow down a brute-force attack. As in the case of " white box cryptography'', different honey encryption schemes are considered depending on what the additional protection is aimed at. The need to additionally protect secret keys arises in remote access systems, when it is necessary to provide access to information to authorized users.The idea of encryption, which would provide adequate additional protection, is to build a system so that the attacker will not be able to recover the original text, even after searching through all possible options for passwords or keys. Based on the concept of lure systems, this system outputs messages that are difficult to distinguish from the true ones. Such messages are called honey, which, like the sweet substance, but in computer security terminology, " drag '' the opponent into a dead end.This article constructs schemes for additional key protection of the Schnorr Signature Scheme, describes the pseudocodes of the corresponding algorithms, analyzes the complexity of a brute-force attack.This scheme requires additional protection against the a secret key because storing it in the open is unreliable. With the proposed encryption algorythm, we can "hide'' a into a sequence of integers, and extract it back with the proposed decryption algorythm. If the sequence is entered by an attacker and does not contain a masked number a , decryption algorythm will return the result of multiplying the last number by the inverse q to the first prime number, if any, in the set, or the penultimate number in the set. Therefore, when trying to artificially pick up a secret key by a brute-force attack, the attacker will get a number similar to a but which he will not be able to use when trying to forge Alice's signature.

Development of a project to create a protected corporate network using VPN technologies

This article discusses the currently relevant problem of choosing software products in the conditions of blocking Internet resources. A large number of foreign companies have temporarily ceased cooperation with Russian clients. Only a few have done this “softly” for users of their resources: with the distribution of warnings and the possibility of transferring the database to other sites or withdrawing money from previously purchased software maintenance subscriptions. The question remains acute: what difficulties have arisen for Russian business? And what are the alternatives to choosing VPN technologies in the face of blocking resources on the Internet? The purpose of the presented work is to analyze software products, namely corporate VPN. Based on the analysis carried out, recommendations were made for choosing remote access systems.

Assessment of the digital activity of universities: Russian educational platform of the «Yuryat»

The problem of the modern system of higher education in Russia and the world is the search for an adequate and high-quality digital model for enhancing professional training in higher education using the remote access system. The pandemic has exacerbated and hastened finding an answer. Russian universities have found an answer in the use of digital educational platforms. One of the most widespread and adequate to the needs of higher education was the «Yuryat» platform. The goal is to assess digital educational activity in Russian universities from 10/26/2020 to 10/25/2021. The research is based on the primary data of «Yuryat.Statistics» and published empirical data. Statistical and quantitative methods were used to study the problem., in particular, the integral index of digital educational activity (IDEA) was used in general form, calculated as an additive convolution of its constituent sub-indices. In turn, each sub-index Ii allows quantitatively characterize different types of digital activity when using the resource, they were calculated using the formula for linear scaling of Pi values. The main result of the study was based on the indicators developed by the authors on the state of digitalization of higher education in Russia from 10/25/2020 to 10/26/2021. conclusion about the lack of digital educational activity of universities according to the data of «Yuryat.Statistics». The average IDEA value = 0.082 means that the average digital activity is 8.2% of the maximum level equal to 1. The country is characterized by low student activity in the use of tests and media resources (ISKK and IUEM sub-index), as well as in the creation of digital courses (IPDC sub-index) on average across Russian universities The study carried out in this work on 318 universities in Russia made it possible to conclude that there is high interuniversity differentiation in terms of the level of development of digital transformation of the educational process, both in terms of individual characteristics and on a territorial basis. The results of the study proved that the main centers of digital transformation of higher education are Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. It is obvious that the system of professional training in the country in the university sphere is faced with the question of strengthening work on the formation of technologies and platforms for remote access.

Integration of technology to access the manufacturing plant via remote access system - A part of Industry 4.0

During Covid-19, manufacturing industries have faced problems due to lack of Remote Access system for manufacturing operation whereas IT sector has had a tremendous increase by leveraging the Remote Access system. In this paper, a Remote Access system is formed by integrating the existing technology such as SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), Microcontroller, OPC server, Internet, Sensor, and Actuator which facilitate controlling and monitoring manufacturing operation remotely. Sensor send operation data to Cloud via microcontroller (Arduino). Cloud computing processes the data and provides information to user in analytical form such as chat, graph, table etc., via HMI (Human Machine Interface). Through HMI the user monitors and controls the manufacturing operation by sending signal to actuator via microcontroller. This process integrated Human intelligent with machine capability. Viability of the proposed methodology is validated through simulation model design on Proteus and Wonderware Intouch. To find features and issues of Remote Access system we have done analysis of the simulation model and work done by different author in similar field. From this study, we realise that the Remote Access system is possible but it will not be effective until the infrastructure of IIoT (Industry Internet of Things) is developed.

Implementation of digital automated control systems at electrolytic copper refining plants in Vietnam

The work aims to develop digital control and management systems of copper electrolytic refining processes when addressing energy efficiency issues. Thermal imaging scanners can be used to monitor the process state of an electrolytic cell. In this regard, the experience in the automation and control systems of OJSC Novgorod Metallurgical Plant was considered. Mathematical research methods and a stochastic model developed in the MatLab software were used. This model was applied at the Lao Cai copper-smelting plant (Vietnam). The proposed algorithm is based on the temperature variation in electrolyte depending on the heating of cathode and anode sections during short circuits due to dendritic growth, as well as process disturbance time. The algorithm was developed using the Visual BasicScript programming languages. The temperature rise in short circuit areas was recorded using a thermal imaging scanner immediately after the colour change of the cathode surface. It was shown that the duration of a short circuit depends on the amount of sludge deposited in an electrolytic cell. The sludge formed following the destruction of intergrown dendrites contains precious metals. The developed measures, along with those of digitisation, are necessary for effective management, taking into account the functional and kinetic characteristics of the copper refining process. The proposed solutions and control algorithms will allow remote access systems with augmented reality elements when creating a digital twin. This will reduce the specific power consumption by 20 –25% while decreasing the number of electrode short circuits. Controlling the composition and level of electrolyte and sludge will reduce material losses and maintain the concentration of noble metals in the electrolyte. To improve the control quality of automation during the electrolytic production of cathode copper, a number of technical measures were proposed that provide additional points of control to expand the process database. Furthermore, the proportion of manual periodic measurements of process parameters is reduced.

A Low-Cost System for Remote Access and Control of Automation Equipment

The shift towards remote access and control of equipment has become more prominent, especially due to COVID-19 lockdowns. Access to physical/real equipment for practical learning remains important for engineering studies. Thus, this paper presents an approach for remotely accessing and controlling automation equipment for engineering practical activities. Specifically, it addresses the issue of accessing and controlling machines for programmable logic controller (PLC) programming tasks. The combination of a scheduler, remote desktop access, graphical user interface, and a micro-controller allows students to work remotely on practical equipment. The lab computer can be accessed via a remote computer to select one of multiple equipment for practical activities. A prototype system was constructed as proof of concept. The prototype system functions as required.

ELEKTRİK MOTORLARINDA UYGULANAN BAKIM YÖNTEMLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ, KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI VE UZAKTAN ERİŞİMİN KESTİRİMCİ BAKIMA ETKİSİ

Sanayi devriminden günümüze kadar gelinen süreçte tüketici talepleri sürekli artmış ve bu talebi karşılamak adına üreticiler yeni arayışlar içerisine girmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak üretimdeki devamlılığın sağlanması için ekipmanlara daha fazla değer verilmiş, ekipmanlardaki arıza ve duruş istenmez hale gelmiş ve bakım yöntemlerine duyulan ilgi artmıştır. Özellikle endüstride üretimin kalbi niteliğindeki elektrik motorlarında uygulanan bakım yöntemleri ilk zamanlardan beri sürekli geliştirilmiş ve en uygun bakım yöntemi her zaman aranmıştır. Çalışmamızda sanayideki elektrik motorları üzerinde yapılan bakımlar ilkelden gelişmişe doğru sınıflandırılmış ve irdelenmiştir. Bu bakım yöntemleri hem maddi açıdan hem de birtakım avantaj/dezavantajları açısından birbirleri ile karşılaştırılarak uygulamada teknik personel için en uygun bakım yönteminin seçimi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından, durum bazlı bakım olarak da bilinen kestirimci bakım yönteminin en yaygın kullanılan teknikleri irdelenmiştir. Bunların yanında internet ve uzaktan erişim sistemlerinin kestirimci bakıma olan katkısı incelenmiş ve bakımın önemi her açıdan ortaya konmuştur.

Method of advanced channel estimation in OFDM systems by regression technique

The article considers the task of increasing the efficiency of estimating the parameters of multipath radio communication channels used in the design of mobile remote access systems with orthogonal frequency division with OFDM multiplexing. In the conditions of an ever-growing number of subscribers, an increase in transmission speed and noise immunity of mobile radio communication systems, the task of increasing the efficiency of channel estimation in multipath signal propagation remains an urgent one. It is also essential that the evaluation function was performed with minimal complexity and with high accuracy of signal recovery. Within the framework of the work, the analysis of existing algorithms, models, and methods for estimating the communication channel parameters of OFDM systems is carried out, the main differences and disadvantages are noted. A technique has been developed for estimating the complex envelope of an OFDM signal in a multipath communication channel based on regression analysis. A mathematical model for estimating a discrete multipath channel by a regression method using pilot symbols is presented. The type of the approximating function is selected, taking into account the requirements for the complexity of implementation and performance indicators. We present an algorithm for estimating the complex envelope of an OFDM signal in a multipath communication channel by the regression method.

Efficient remote access system based on decoded and decompressed speech signals

This paper investigates the effect of both decoding and decompression on the Speaker Identification (SI) in a remote access system. The coding and compression processes are used for the communication purpose as a normal action taken for voice communication over Internet or mobile networks. In the proposed system, the speech signal is coded with the Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) technique. Also, the speech signal is compressed using two techniques. The first technique depends on decimation process to compress the signal. The signal can be recovered using inverse solutions. The inverse solutions include maximum entropy and regularized reconstruction. The second technique is the Compressive Sensing (CS) and the speech signal can be reconstructed using linear programming. The coded or compressed speech signal is transmitted into the receiver via a wireless communication channel. At the receiver, the received signal is decoded or decompressed, and then SI is performed on the decoded or decompressed speech signal. The performance of coding and compression techniques is evaluated using some metrics such as Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). The objective of SI is to achieve the security needed for the remote access system, and this security can be increased using coding and compression processes. In the SI system, the feature vectors are captured from different discrete transforms such as Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Discrete Sine Transform (DST), besides the time domain. The recognition rate for all transforms is computed to evaluate the performance of the SI system.

ВЕБ ОРІЄНТОВАНА СИСТЕМА ДОСТУПУ ДО ВІДДАЛЕНОГО РОБОЧОГО СТОЛУ ТА ПРОГРАМНОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ GRAN У ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ МАТЕМАТИКИ В ШКОЛІ

The article deals with Gran software and the access to it through the remote desktop. The peculiarities of web-based remote desktop access and Gran software system for teaching mathematics at school are revealed. The paper also describes the application of open source software (Ulteo OVD) that allows users to remotely access their desktops and applications using one of the Desktop as a Service cloud components through a client device browser. The modes of using Ulteo OVD client software are described. Two servers (Application Server and Session Manager Server) have been organized to use Ulteo OVD by means of PROXMOX web-based virtual environment. The authors propose the way to use Ulteo OVD to access software installed on a remote server, in particular Gran software. The article also describes some examples of graphical problem solving using Gran1 that can be used in maths at school. The considered issues are quite complex and rather time-consuming without Gran1 software for graphical analysis of various tasks and approximate calculation of numerical measures of different objects (lengths of surfaces, areas of surfaces, volumes of bodies, probabilities of occurrence of different events, statistical analysis of observational data) of their solving. The range of tasks that can be solved with the use of the Gran software package, in particular Gran1 programme, is quite broad. By applying a creative approach, their analysis and solution can have a positive effect on the learners’ mental and cultural development. It is emphasized that the use of various technologies in educational process, as well as the selection of tasks and the content of training in general, should be pedagogically weighted, based on the harmonious combination of pedagogical heritage of the past and modern achievements of scientific and technological progress.