Remedial Services Research Articles

GuidanceaAnd Counseling Services for Learning Difficulties for Samborejo Students (ABK) Pekalongan District

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Every child has the right to receive a decent education in every school regardless of the child's abnormalities. From here a problem arises called learning difficulty. Special needs counseling services are special services and special practices rather than in general. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of ABK with specific learning difficulties and remedial services. The method used is descriptive qualitative, the technique is through observation and interviews. The results of the MI Samborejo School research showed that three children had learning difficulties. Service results The remedial service program is only for children with special needs, namely children who have difficulty reading, writing, and cannot understand questions. This service program is carried out after the children come home from school and only lasts for one hour. Learning to read starts from recognizing letters, reading two syllables to reading short sentences. Learning media uses reading books that contain pictures to encourage students with special needs to understand reading more easily because there are pictures. The remedial service program is carried out three times a week. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Equity and excellence in English language education in the USA: A literature review from the 1960s to 2020s

This study examined the trends in English language education (ELE) using a literature review from the 1960s to the 2020s as a research method. After reading the 1012 journal article abstracts, 210 articles emerged using the 37 keywords, which were supposed to embrace racial and linguistic equity. After multiple iterations of reading and open coding these abstracts, thirty-two articles were selected for the final analysis. One research question guided this study, “What were the emerging trends of PK-12 ELE in the USA in terms of equity and excellence from the 1960s to the 2020s?” Three phases were identified: Phase 1 (1968-1999) on remedial service; Phase 2 (2000-2007) on test accountability; and Phase 3 (2008-2020) on asset-based ELE. We integrated Feiman-Nemser’s central tasks into the four themes: 1) gaining EBLs' funds of knowledge (FoK), 2) enacting EBLs' racial, linguistic, and cultural repertoires, 3) forming teacher beliefs, and 4) deepening knowledge of the curriculum. The findings revealed shifts in three phases under each theme: from assimilating to the target language and culture and devaluing EBLs' assets in Phase 1 to interweaving EBLs’ FoK but with racialized attitude towards EBLs in Phase 2 and valuing EBLs’ FoK as assets, seeing them as ‘language architect’, and integrating translanguaging and resisting raciolinguistic ideologies into ELE in Phase 3.

Lawsuit says Georgia failing to provide community MH services to children

Medicaid‐enrolled children in Georgia with significant mental health needs are deprived of necessary services in their homes and communities and subjected to unnecessary institutionalization, alleges a class‐action lawsuit filed by civil rights attorneys on Jan. 3 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia. Responsible agencies systematically fail to provide three necessary services that they are entitled to under federal law: intensive care coordination, intensive in‐home services and mobile crisis response services (remedial services), the lawsuit stated.

‘There is not much we can do’: The roles and challenges of Nigeria's child protection social workers

AbstractResearch on the challenges child protection social workers (CPSWs) face has increased remarkably in developed nations with the goal of finding sustainable solutions. There is a significant number of vulnerable children in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), yet little is documented and known about the role of CPSWs in supporting the children, and the challenges they face that must be addressed to ensure effective and efficient service delivery. The study presents findings from in‐depth interviews with 11 certified social workers recruited from five non‐governmental organizations in Lagos and Kano states, Nigeria. A realist thematic methodological analysis was performed on the data. Findings were organized and discussed around two major themes including child‐focused remedial work and challenges encountered. Providing essential remedial services such as food, clothing, shelter and counselling/therapeutic services emerged as the primary responsibilities of Nigerian child protection social workers (NCPSWs). Their work‐related challenges include frustration due to limited resources and resistant children, shortages of social workers and high caseloads, whereas systemic challenges include the non‐adoption and non‐implementation of the 2003 Child Rights Act (CRA), the lack of legal recognition for the profession and government support. Implications and recommendations are drawn for practice, policy, and research.

Predictors of Belief in Sexual Myths: An Examination in Terms of Gender, Demographic Characteristics, Religiosity, and Childhood Trauma

Objectives Sexual myths are exaggerated beliefs that have no scientific basis. Buying into these beliefs can lead to any number of sexual dysfunctions and decreased quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to uncover the factors associated with sexual myths and to provide remedial services for anyone struggling with them. Methods This study was conducted to determine the variables affecting sexual myths. Gender, demographic variables (family type, region of residence, and talking about sexuality with parents), religiosity, and childhood trauma were included as independent variables in the study. A total of 375 teacher candidates participated in the study. Data was collected using a personal information form, Sexual Myths Scale, Religiosity Scale, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Descriptive analyses and linear multiple regression analysis were used in the study, and both adherence to sexual myths and experienced childhood trauma were found to be high in the teacher candidates who did not talk about sexuality with their families. Conclusions The results of the analysis showed that gender and religiosity were significant predictors of sexual myths. The findings were discussed in light of the literature.

Increasing knowledge to restore oyster beds and related services in the Arabian-Persian Gulf

The historical collapse of the pearl oyster ecosystem in the Arabian-Persian Gulf contributed to the long-term loss of biological and economic functionality within key shallow-water marine environments. This study introduces important aspects for supporting the restoration of this iconic ecosystem. For instance, resident standing stocks in the southwestern ecoregion would be ideal for an aquaculture initiative; juveniles might be collected after the summer; lower regional salinity (42ppt) might increase the animal sizes in an aquaculture basis; shallow areas near seagrasses might be ideal coastal areas for reintroduction; vertical hard substrates (e.g. artificial reefs) might be used for juvenile’s reintroduction. The results suggest that Pinctada radiata is and was the dominant habitat enhancer within the historical and present ecosystem complexes of the studied Gulf and should be considered a priority species for restoration due to its habitat remediation service. Restoring the filtration functionality of these oyster seascapes and the associated recovery of the trophic chain could also support the rejuvenation of accompanying seascapes within the studied Gulf, such as coral reefs, seagrasses, and the associated fish stock. Illustrating how the southwestern Arabian-Persian Gulf coast presents a unique opportunity to restore and manage an iconic habitat and historical natural asset.

Cross‐cultural examination of school educators' beliefs about principles of positive behavior support

AbstractThis study conducted a psychometric examination into the application of positive behavior support (PBS) principles, focusing on how its trajectory differs between Taiwan and the United States. Eighteen items from the Beliefs about Behavior Survey were adapted to gauge educators' perception of implementing PBS strategies within different cultural contexts. The sample comprised 643 educators, split between northern Taiwan (N = 267) and a mid‐mountain region in the United States (N = 376). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis suggest that the previously identified four‐factor model determined using a US sample presents a satisfactory fit with the Taiwanese data set. Furthermore, reliability estimates vouch for the internal consistency of the model. Interestingly, it was observed that general education teachers reported the least supportive beliefs across all four factors, relative to their colleagues. In a direct comparison with the US sample, the Taiwanese respondents scored significantly lower on two out of the four PBS belief factors. This trend could be attributed to a relative scarcity of exposure to, and training in, PBS principles in Taiwan, particularly beyond tertiary remedial services. The revised survey questionnaire presents a useful tool for informing the design of professional development initiatives and system‐wide changes in Taiwanese schools. The study concludes with a discussion on the impact of differing cultural contexts and the potential directions for future research.

The contributions of mangroves to physiological health in Ghana: Insights from a qualitative study of key informants

Informative data for public health reform against impacts of unsustainable environmental degradation is fragmented across disciplines, while discreet and spatial evidence is particularly limited for marine and coastal ecosystems. For poor, marginal communities experiencing limitations in health sector interventions, such knowledge could be vital. We investigated mangrove-health relationships in Ghana to inform identification and design of most suitable health-supporting ecosystem interventions in such societies.Academic, health, media, and conservation key informants were interviewed alongside mangrove residents, about influences of human-mangrove interactions on health, and consequences of ecosystem and health sector interventions. Reports show that mangroves diversely supply vital health-impacting ecosystem services, support services for fisheries being the strongest health link. Efficacies and constituents of mangrove-sourced medicines remain unverified, and while reliance on these has declined over time, some minimal indigenous knowledge yet survives. Little knowledge about pollution remediation services of mangroves emerged, with disease vector and pathogen regulation perceived as health disservices. These findings elucidate and reaffirm aspects of the neglected but crucial mangrove-health nexus, for which further exploration constitutes a compelling nature-based opportunity to enhance wellbeing in marginal societies.Mangrove ecosystem interventions maximise economic benefits that expand access to wider health improvement options, but social and rural-urban public health success disparities persist. Customization of conservation strategies can elicit preferred health impacts, offset shortfalls in non-uniform implementation of health sector interventions and guarantee more equitable and sustainable cross-sector outcomes.

Evaluation of the characteristics of workers injured on the job requiring hospitalization, and employer compliance with OSHA's reporting requirement for these work-related hospitalizations.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) implemented a new standard in 2014 requiring employers to report nearly all work-related inpatient hospitalizations within 24 h of the event. We examined the characteristics of the injured workers who were reported and the compliance of Michigan employers with the regulation. From 2016 to 2018, we compared reports of acute nonmotor-vehicle work-related injuries and illnesses from two independent datasets, employer reports to OSHAand the Michigan Multi-Source Injury and Illness Surveillance System (MMSIISS) which collects injured worker hospital records from the 134 hospitals in Michigan. We matched records from employer reports to OSHA with the MMSIISS by employee's first and last name, company name, date of injury/illness, and type of injury/illness. We identified 2887 workers hospitalized with severe injuries/illnesses from 2016 to 2018 in Michigan; 1260 workers were reported by employers to OSHA and 2238 workers were reported by hospitals to the MMSIISS. There was an overlap of 611 workers reported in both systems, while 649 workers were only reported by employers to OSHA and 1627 workers were only reported by hospitals to the MMSIISS. Employer compliance with the regulation over the 3 years showed a nonsignificant increase; from 42.0% to 43.6% to 45.0%. Fractures were the most frequent type of injury (1238, 42.9%), then head injuries, including skull fractures (470, 16.3%). The median length of hospital stay was 3days. Manufacturing (709, 25.5%) and construction (563, 20.3%), accounted for the greatest number of hospitalizations. Employer-reported cases to OSHA significantly undercounted hospitalized workers in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting; construction; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; administrative and support and waste management and remediation services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services except public administration. Companies with 250 or more employees were significantly more likely to comply and small companies with 10 or fewer employees were significantly less likely to comply with the reporting rule. Enforcement inspections at 465 of the workplaces where a hospitalization had occurred resulted in $1,017,835 in fines and identified 608 violations. Of the 465 inspections, 246 (52.9%) of the employers had not corrected the hazard before the inspection. This study identified that workers sustained severe injuries and illnesses on the job and that over half of the companies where a worker suffered an injury/illness leading to hospitalization were not in compliance with OSHA's reporting regulation. Furthermore, at the time of an inspection 1-5 months later, 50% of the companies had not corrected the hazard causing the hospitalization. Improvement in the reporting of work-related injuries/illnesses that result in hospitalization will identify more ongoing hazards in the workplace and improve where to focus preventive actions.

Virtual assessments for students with disabilities: A case study from India: Virtual assessment in reading

The pandemic in India impacted over 247 million learners (UNICEF, 2021). Children with disabilities were at a significant disadvantage, losing access to rehabilitation, medical and remedial services (Verneker et al., 2020). This article presents a guide to assessing students virtually. It explores one teacher’s attempts to navigate learning to read remotely using a digital curriculum-based measurement tool, Fluency Assessment for Benchmarking in Literacy education (FABLe). It discusses the processes she employed to set goals, monitor progress, and structure virtual assessments over the course of an academic year to build reading fluency. Overall, virtual assessments were easy to conduct. Teachers require two devices when conducting FABLe virtually, one to share the reading passage, and one to mark progress. FABLe provides end-of-year benchmark goals that can be used as individual target goals for students. More research is needed to develop benchmarks specific to the Indian context. FABLe data were most useful when communicating progress with parents and informing instructional practices. Many processes used to implement FABLe virtually can be applied to face-to-face settings, such as goal setting and progress monitoring schedules. Learning was impacted for students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who struggled with access to the internet and support in the home settings.

Perceptions of Heads of Secondary Schools Regarding Academic Advising Competencies of The Teachers at Secondary School Level

This study was aimed at analyzing the perceptions of heads of secondary schools regarding academic advising competencies of the teachers at secondary school level. Quantitative approach was used in this study and the design of the study was descriptive and survey type. The study was delimited to the four districts of Rawalpindi Division, i.e. Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum and Rawalpindi. A total number of 4913 secondary school teachers and 960 heads of secondary schools were included in the population. Simple random sampling technique was used for the selection of sample. A total number of 491 teachers and 97 heads were selected as sample. Questionnaire was developed for the collection of quantitative data from the heads. The quantitative data was analyzed using the frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation and chi-square. On the basis of the conclusions it is recommended that enough time for interaction and contact between the students and the teachers for the purpose of academic advising may be offered. The professional development of teachers regarding academic advising may be given due importance so as to make the very process more effective and efficient. The teachers in this regard may be given more autonomy and flexibility in dealing with rules and regulations of academic advising. There is a dire need to establish an advanced psycho-educational advising centre at the schools and activate its activities to offer advising, developmental, and remedial services focusing on the development of the bright and optimist side of students’ personalities.

Community-Based Remediation of Juvenile Competence to Stand Trial: A National Survey

Youth found incompetent to stand trial in U.S. juvenile courts may be ordered to attend Juvenile Competence Remediation Services to assist them in becoming competent to proceed with their case. Representatives from 19 community-based JCRS programs were surveyed about current norms and practices. The results suggest that programs routinely meet some emerging best practices (e.g., dyadic service delivery; developmentally sensitive services), but not others (e.g., providing case management services; services guided by outcome data). The results also reveal a lack of consistency across programs in a variety of areas (e.g., training and experience of providers; educational curricula used by providers).

Social Anxiety Symptoms Among Students With Learning Disabilities in Jordan

The current study aimed to describe the symptoms of social anxiety symptoms among students with learning disabilities in Jordan. The study included 120 students with learning disabilities, 60 males and 60 females. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher constructed a scale of social anxiety symptoms and achieved its validity and reliability coefficients. The results indicated that the means ranged between (3.08-2.05), where emotional symptoms came in the first place with the highest mean of (3.08), while Physiological symptoms came in the last place with an means of (2.05), and the mean of the level of social anxiety among the Students with learning disabilities as a whole (2.73). There were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) due to the effect of gender in all fields and in the total degree. And there were statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) between the fifth grade on the one hand and the fourth, sixth and seventh grades on the other hand, and the differences came in favor of the fifth grade in physiological symptoms. Also, there were statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) between the seventh and sixth grades, and the differences were in favor of the sixth grade in cognitive symptoms. In addition, there were statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) between the seventh and fifth grades, and the differences were in favor of the fifth grade in the total score. The study recommended the need to provide remedial services for this category of students to enable them to overcome their psychological challenges.

Overview of Current Practices in the Methamphetamine Testing and Decontamination Industry: An Australian Case Study.

To better protect public health from third-hand exposure to methamphetamine, it is important to understand the techniques and current practices used within the methamphetamine testing and decontamination industry in Australia. A survey was conducted focusing on business owners that advertised testing and/or remediation services online. They were also invited to participate in a follow-up phone interview upon completion. The survey demonstrated that testing and decontamination methods were highly varied, which was expected for an industry with no regulation. Most companies offered methamphetamine testing and remediation which could be a conflict of interest. Participants also shared personal experiences, including the conduct of other industry members, demonstrating both poor practice and/or the competitive nature of the business. Participating business owners were following Australian guidelines to the best of their ability, and many are advocates for regulation to be implemented within the industry. This would address the inconsistencies between companies and establish trust for industry members and the public. It would also provide significant public health protection, which is currently lacking. A more consistent approach to the testing and remediation of methamphetamine contamination, aided by regulation, would address the significant risk to public health caused by third-hand exposure to methamphetamine.

Decontamination options for indoor surfaces contaminated with realistic fentanyl preparations

The significant increase in illegal use of the synthetic opioid fentanyl is leading to unintentional overdose fatalities. Spills of fentanyl where it is abused or prepared for illegal distribution can result in persistent contamination of areas. Remediation can be attempted through physical removal but may benefit greatly from application of decontamination solutions that provide in-situ degradation of fentanyl. This work investigates the efficacy of decontamination technologies for degradation of fentanyl-HCl on indoor surfaces. Decontamination studies were conducted to evaluate the oxidative degradation of fentanyl based on percarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and chlorine (bleach) chemistries. This study utilized an experimental design relevant to field operations to provide direct information to first or hazardous materials responders and providers of environmental fentanyl remediation services, who may otherwise rely on unverified approaches. Across a range of nonporous indoor surfaces, results suggest that water (with or without detergent) spraying alone can physically remove 70–90% of fentanyl (with all fentanyl recovered in runoff). In nearly all cases, the spray application of peracetic acid or acetified bleach oxidants resulted in statistically significant degradation of fentanyl (>95% reduction), with noticeably lower efficacy for other oxidants (e.g., pH neutral bleach and OxiClean™). The decontamination efficacy was significantly reduced upon the addition of cutting agents that competed for oxidant demand.

Why and how teachers should prevent and remedy academic deficits by enhancing learning speed

ABSTRACT Teachers focused on prevention of academic problems should apply procedures that enhance learning speed, or learning as a function of the time that the learner spends engaged in the intervention(s). Although few researchers evaluate or compare academic interventions using precise measures of learning speed, several strategies for modifying interventions or instructional procedures have been developed that may enhance learning speed. Teachers who apply strategies that increase learning speed may allow students who receive remedial and special education services to incur fewer opportunity costs associated with time reallocation strategies and allow them to return to typical school activities earlier. More importantly, applying interventions that cause more rapid learning may prevent learning deficits, which may be the best way to minimize opportunity costs and enhance student success.

Kepuasan Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran Daring Menggunakan Microsoft Teams dan Video Youtube pada Materi Program Linier

This study aims to describe the level of satisfaction of class X students of SMK Negeri 2 Salatiga with the use of Microsoft Teams and YouTube videos as a means of online learning on linear program material. This research is a qualitative research. Data were collected through: 1) filling out a questionnaire regarding the level of student satisfaction with media use, media accessibility, interactive nature of learning, understanding of material, achievement of learning outcomes, and remedial or enrichment services; and 2) whatsapp conversation to complete the questionnaire data. The questionnaire data were analyzed descriptively to obtain a category of student satisfaction levels and confirmed by whatsapp conversation data. The results of the research were the level of student satisfaction in all categories, namely 1) media use; 2) media accessibility; 3) the interactive nature of learning; 4) understanding of the material; 5) achievement of learning outcomes; and 6) remedial or enrichment services are in the satisfied category. Keywords : student satisfaction, microsoft teams, online learning, linear programming, youtube video

Impacts of an Interdisciplinary Developmental Follow-Up Program on Neurodevelopment in Congenital Heart Disease: The CINC Study.

Objectives: This study investigates the impact of an early systematic interdisciplinary developmental follow-up and individualized intervention program on the neurodevelopment of children with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) who required cardiac surgery.Study Design: We prospectively enrolled 80 children with CHD: 41 were already followed at our neurocardiac developmental follow-up clinic from the age of 4 months, while 39 were born before the establishment of the program and therefore received standard health care. We conducted cognitive, motor, and behavioral assessments at 3 years of age. We used one-way multivariate analyses of variance to compare the neurodevelopmental outcome of both groups.Results: Between-group analyses revealed a distinct neurodevelopmental profile with clinically significant effect size (P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.366). Children followed at our clinic demonstrated better receptive language performances (P = 0.048) and tended to show higher scores on visuo-constructive tasks (P = 0.080). Children who received standard health care exhibited greater performances in working memory tasks (P = 0.032). We found no group differences on global intellectual functioning, gross and fine motor skills, and behaviors. Referral rates for specific remedial services were higher in patients followed at our neurocardiac clinic compared to the historical cohort (P < 0.005).Conclusions: Overall, the impact of the developmental follow-up and individualized intervention program on neurodevelopmental outcomes remains subtle. Nevertheless, results, although limited by several factors, point toward an advantage for the children who took part in the program regarding receptive language skills over children who received standard health care. We hypothesize that group differences may be greater with growing age. Further research involving larger cohorts is needed to clearly assess the effectiveness of neurocardiac developmental follow-up programs at school age.

Antimicrobial Peptides: An Approach to Combat Resilient Infections.

It was apparent by the end of 1980s that the success against the threats of bacterial pathogens on public health was an illusion, with the rapid development of resistant strains more than the discovery of new drugs. As a consequence, the remedial services were in the backfoot position of being on the losing side of this never-ending evolutionary war. The quest for new antibiotics to overcome resistance problems has long been a top research priority for the researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. However, the resistance problems remain unresolved due to the abrupt misuse of antibiotics by common people, which has immensely worsened the scenario by disseminating antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains around the world. Thus, immediate action is needed to measure emerging and re-emerging microbial diseases having new resistance mechanisms and to manage their rapid spread among the common public by means of novel alternative metabolites. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic peptides evolved in a wide range of living organisms and serve as the essential part of the host innate immunity. For humans, these effector molecules either can directly kill the foreign microbes or modulate the host immune systems so that the human body could develop some resistance against the microbial infections. In this review, we discuss their history, structural classifications, modes of action, and explain their biological roles as anti-infective agents. We also scrutinize their clinical potentiality, current limitations in various developmental stages and strategies to overcome for their successful clinical applications.

Reducing salinity of treated waste water with large scale desalination

Agriculture, the largest global water consumer, accounts for ~70% of freshwater use thereby considerably influencing water availability. The use of treated wastewater [TWW] for agricultural irrigation has been suggested as a possible solution to help mitigate water scarcity without disrupting food production. However, despite the benefits of TWW irrigation, it is often characterized by high salinity that can reduce crop performance and damage soil structure. In Israel, over 50% of the water used for irrigation is TWW, and a third of the produced TWW undergoes soil aquifer treatment [SAT], i.e., infiltration and percolation to groundwater through the soil before utilization for irrigation. In parallel, seawater desalination provides about 80% of the urban and industrial sector water use. These developments in Israel's water economy during the last three decades, accompanied by extensive governmental monitoring, enabled us to harness high-resolution nation-wide datasets to study the effects of the large-scale introduction of desalination and SAT on TWW quality and salinity in particular. The analyses revealed that large-scale desalination considerably reduced the salinity of TWW to levels similar to freshwater (up to 70% and 60% for Cl and Na, respectively). However, sodium absorption ratio remained unchanged due to the concurrent reductions of Na, Ca and Mg. Mg was reduced to levels that can potentially harm both crops and human health, while B concentrations increased to levels of possible toxicity to crops, suggesting the need for stringent requirements in the post-treatment process. Salinity of groundwater was increased by SAT in the long-term, but was reduced after the introduction of desalination. The results, encompassing almost three decades of water monitoring, suggest that high-quality TWW with a significant portion of desalinated base-water can provide groundwater salinity remediation services.