Relevant National Standards Research Articles

Early changes in renal injury parameters and their influencing factors in workers exposed to mercury

To investigate atmospheric mercury concentration in the workplace and urinary mercury concentration in workers exposed to mercury in a thermometer factory, and to determine the levels and influencing factors of urinary Β₂-microglobulin (Β₂-MG) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in these workers. An occupational health survey of the workplace was completed according to relevant national occupational health standards. Questionnaire survey and occupational health examination were conducted in 178 workers exposed to mercury in the factory. Statistical analysis was accomplished using SPSS 19.0. In the workplace, atmospheric mercury concentration was out of limits at seven of eight detection points expressed by short-term exposure limit; it was out of limits at all the eight detection points shown by time-weighted average. Statistically significant difference in atmospheric mercury concentration was found among different detection points (F = 138.714, P < 0.001). The geometric mean of urinary mercury concentration measured in 154 workers was 171.607 µg/g. There were 127 workers with urinary mercury concentration exceeding the standard (82.5% over-standard rate). Significant difference in urinary mercury concentration was shown in the workers among different positions (χ² = 44.531, P < 0.01). Urinary mercury concentration was positively correlated with atmospheric mercury concentration (r = 0.624, P < 0.01). The mean urinary Β₂-MG level measured in 148 workers was 0.142 mg/L, and seven workers had urinary Β₂-MG levels greater than 0.3 mg/L (4.7% abnormal rate). The mean urinary RBP level measured in 153 workers was 0.485 mg/L, and 19 workers had urinary RBP levels greater than 0.7 mg/L (12.4% abnormal rate). Ordinal logistic regression showed that age >34 years (OR = 4.88, 95%CI: 2.24∼10.62) and length of service >15 years (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.06-5.92) were risk factors for increased urinary Β₂-MG level. Age >45 years (OR = 7.52, 95%CI: 2.50∼22.65) was a risk factor for increased urinary RBP level. In the thermometer factory under study, atmospheric and urinary mercury concentrations both seriously exceeded the standards, which were harmful to the health of workers. High atmospheric mercury concentration, old age, and long length of service were risk factors for increased urinary Β₂-MG and RBP levels in workers exposed to mercury.

Analysis on Light Environment and Efficient Creation in College Student Dormitory of Chongqing

This paper aims to probe into the feasibility and applying strategy of the energy-efficiency optimization of college dormitory lighting system in Chongqing. It takes a college dormitory located in chongqing as an instance, through questionnaire and field investigation, the conclusion indicated that the indoor illumination during the daytime cannot meet the relevant national standards. And over 80 percent of the students are unsatisfied with the indoor lighting. The research on the optimization program of Photoconductive lighting system and energy efficiency lamp system demonstrate these two programs can save 5.7 tons of standard coal per year and 1.67 respectively. Then model the photoconductive lighting system. Finally it takes the Photoconductive lighting system and energy efficiency lighting systems promoted and compared in college dormitory of Chongqing to draw a conclusion that the annual savings of the system are approximately 21.8-22.4 million kwh electricity which equals to 8.72-8.94 one thousand tons of standard coal. This quantity is equivalent to a half of the electricity consumption of Chongqing Dadukou 2012 January-April.

The Application of PLC in the Electric Vehicle AC Charging Technology

Electric vehicle charging, since the uncertainty of the travel area, and the different load control of the charging infrastructure grid and the different rates over time, needs to face different charging devices and use different charging parameters. The situation is very complex, so electric vehicle needs to be adaptive control for various situations in the charging process. Aiming at the communication between electric vehicle and power grid, there is no relevant national standards promulgated. After comparing several possible communication modes, I choose to use the PLC communication, and SDP for charging device to automatically obtain and connections. Charging parameter passing through the communication between the electric vehicle and charging facilities, in order to realize the adaptive control of electric vehicle charging.

Subway Platform RF Electromagnetic Field Strength Test

Since in their tenders for subway fire alarm system contracts some fire detector manufacturers recently claimed that the RF electromagnetic field strength to which their products can resist is much higher than the requirements of the relevant national technical standards on fire, we have conducted tests on the RF electromagnetic field strength around the fire detectors installed on the platform of a number of selected subway stations in Guangzhou, and the performances of the electromagnetic radiation analyzer used for the tests are strictly in compliance with the specified use conditions for fire detectors installed on the platform in subway stations. The test results show that the RF electromagnetic field strength applied in the RF radiated immunity test as specified in relevant national standards conforms to the current application conditions.

Study on Production of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete by Coal Gangue Fly Ash

In this paper, the low-silicon coal gangue fly ash is used to produce autoclaved aerated concrete. The influences of water binder ratio, coal gangue fly ash content, calcareous content and conditioning agents on the compressive strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete are investigated. Optimal raw material formulation and procedure are determined for the autoclaved aerated concrete. The compressive strength and frost resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete made by the optimal raw material formulation and procedure meet with the requirements of autoclaved aerated concretes of B05 grade, and its thermal conductivity, drying shrinkage reach the requirements of the relevant national standards of China.

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Two Sandwich Structure Composite Materials

According to the relevant national standards, this paper produced Corecell ™ G foam sandwich structure and Nomex honeycomb sandwich structure composite materials specimens. These two materials were carried out tensile, compression, bending and shear experiment. Analyzing and comparing the pros and cons of the two materials in the mechanical properties of tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, flexural strength.

Design on Flow Measurement Solution with Intelligent Efflux Coefficient Standard Throttling Gear

t is an in-depth research on the span measurement range ratio that standard throttling gear measures the flow is too small, and proposes the design method of multi-efflux coefficient standard throttling gear. Expanding the lower limit of measurable flow according to the relevant national standards GB/T2624-2006. Solution divides the span measurement range into several segments, each piece span measurement range corresponds to a differential pressure gauge, and calculates corresponding efflux coefficient depending on the GB/T2624-2006 to get many outflow coefficients on the different span measurement sub-range section. Intelligent system chooses corresponding efflux coefficients based on different differential pressure, and ensures measurement accuracy at the same time of expanding the lower limit.

Research on Vulnerability Identification and Quantitative Evaluation of Operating System

As the most basic and core part of an information system, operating system is the basis of all software running. All kinds of computer operating system existing this or that kind of potential safety problems, become information system is not the root cause of security. This paper introduces the operating system vulnerability found that way, common vulnerability analysis technology and its development present situation, and the most widely used in the current Windows operating system, such as reference level protection of relevant national standards, lists the operating system of the common vulnerability checkpoint, etc. Finally, this paper provides an operating system vulnerability quantitative assignment reference method.

Study on the Formation Mechanism and Harmless Treatment Technology of Flocculate in the Crude Oil Gathering and Transferring Process

In the separation process of oil dehydration and wastewater deoiling, a very stable and viscous colloid layer is formed on the oil-water interface, which is high in viscosity and water content, and also contains more oil ingredient, which is difficult to deal with and achieve dehydration. As a result the work of equipment is greatly affected. In the meantime, a direct landfill or open pile will affect the surrounding environment, soil environment, and underground water condition. This will make it difficult to retrieve crude oil from the flocculate, which causes a waste of crude oil. The authors studied the formation process, stable factors, and formation mechanism of flocculate in crude oil gathering and transferring. On this basis, drying treatment for burning was developed according to the characteristics of oilfield flocculate. By using the drying treatment technology, flocculate can be used as the additive agent in burning coal, which improves the calorific value of coal because the drying flocculate has a high combustion value, which is more than 7,000 Kcal/Kg. After burning the flocculate, the generated ash and pollutant content in the gas are lower than the relevant national control standards of pollutants. They are safe and will not cause additional environment pollution. In this way, flocculate in oil field realizes harmless treatment and resource recycling.

Solutions to Non-Conforming Fire Compartment of an Exhibition Hall

Abstract With the rapid development of our economy and the prosperity of the market economy, large exhibition buildings have been built numerously. Because of their special functional requirements, the exhibition buildings are commonly facing the problem of over large scale areas, and the problem that fire zone division rarely meet the requirements of relevant national fire protection technical standards. At the same time, this kind of building always presents hazards of crowded people and high volume of combustible content, where fire would spread rapidly, evacuation and fire suppression are difficult to carry out, leading to severe property loss. In this paper, the problem of the fire partition of an exhibition hall is resolved by comprehensive use of fire belt set in exhibition hall and other supplementary fire fighting measures to solve.

Experimental Investigation on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Using Palladium-Platinum Tailings

In this paper, the low-silicon palladium-platinum tailing is used to produce autoclaved aerated concrete. The influences of water binder ratio, palladium-platinum tailing content, lime content and conditioning agents on the compressive strength of the autoclaved aerated concrete are investigated. Optimal raw material formulation and procedure are determined for the autoclaved aerated concrete. The compressive strength and frost resistance of autoclaved aerated concrete made by the optimal raw material formulation and procedure meet with the requirements of autoclaved aerated concretes of B06 grade, and its thermal conductivity, drying shrinkage reach the requirements of the relevant national standards of China.

Water-Soluble Cr (VI) of Solidification-Cured Process and Compressive Strength of Ferrochrome Slag Complex Cement

Ferrochrome slag, an essential component in stainless steel, is the by-product of ferrochromium production. The composition of the ferrochrome slag and leaching tests show that the chromium content, 3.68%, is high, although the data of leaching tests under normal conditions is very low. Leaching test was performed on an oscillating shaking table with ratio adjusted to 150r/min at L/S 8 and 80°C, during 5h. The maximum content of water-soluble Cr (Ⅵ) is 2.78μg/g (0.3475 mg/L) from ferrochromium slag under these conditions. The soluble (Cr6+ and Cr3+) content rise in the solidification process，with the increase of ferrochrome slag. The Water-soluble Cr (Cr6+ and Cr3+) under different cured times can’t be detected. The content of ferrochrome slag reached 10% is the best ratio by comprehensive consideration of water-soluble Cr (Ⅵ) of all processes, compressive strength and relevant national standards.

The Design and Experimental Researches of Medium-Sized Ground Source Heat Pump Incubator

A kind of ground source heat pump incubator which absorbs the heat of soil as heat source of incubator was designed in this paper. The heating condenser was improved and optimized by adopting the three-level distributed heating way, and avioded the high temperature radiation influence on hatching egg in traditional electric incubator. In addition, the temperature field of incubator had good uniformity and the power consumption of temperature equilibrium was effectively reduced. It was better to stimulate the embryonic development by utilizing continuous variable temperature bionic hatching mode, and the growth adaptability of poults was improved as well. Hatching experiments showed, the main performance indexes of ground-source heat pump incubator meet the relevant national standards, the hatchability of fertilized eggs is above 91.4% and the rate of healthy poults is above 97.9%；The whole energy-saving rate of incubator is about 60% to 65%, reducing CO2, SO2 and dust emissions, thus the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is remarkable, and achieved good social and economic benefits.

Investigation on Residual Stress Distribution of H-Shaped Steel Section with Heavy Thick Steel Used in High-Rise Structures

In recent years, due to its excellent mechanical properties, especially its insensitivity of strength to thickness, high-rise structural steel with high performance and heavy thickness made in china was applied more and more widely in large-span and high-rise steel building structures. However, there are no reasonable design indexes based on design reliability analysis for the new material in relevant national standards. The high-rise structural steel was often used as H-section column with heavy thickness at present, and its residual stress distribution has significant influence on load-carrying capacity, which is one of the critical factors in reliability analysis of elementary members using high-rise structural steel. In this paper, with the block sectioning method, a detailed experimental investigation on the longitudinal residual stress distribution for H-section (H800×800×80×80mm), made from Q345GJ high-rise structural steel with thickness of 80mm is introduced. The contour of residual stress distribution in the whole section based on test was presented, and the regularity of the residual stress distribution of such a section was discussed. Meanwhile, the contour of yielding strength distribution in the whole H-shaped section with heavy thickness was obtained. It will provide some basic data for reliability analysis and further investigation of the structural members using high-rise structural steel.

Physico-mechanical properties of solid cement bricks containing recycled aggregates

Recycling and reuse of solid wastes as alternative building materials present interesting possibilities for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of natural resources. This paper investigates the physical and mechanical properties of solid cement bricks manufactured with crushed clay bricks as recycled aggregates. Four series of mixtures with cement content 100, 150, 200 and 300kg/m3 were prepared. In each series, either natural fine aggregate, coarse aggregate or both were replaced with crushed brick aggregates (CBA) at 0%, 50% and 100% by volume. Compressive strength, unit weight and water absorption were determined and compared with the relevant national and international standards for load bearing and non-load bearing units, respectively. The experimental results showed that as the replacement level of natural aggregates increased, the unit weight and compressive strength of solid cement bricks decreased and the water absorption increased regardless of cement content. Furthermore, it is possible to manufacture different grades of solid cement bricks with CBA to be used as load bearing and non-load bearing units depending on the size of the crushed bricks and the replacement percentage of natural aggregates.

Development of national audit tools for hospice community services

IntroductionThe remit of the National Audit Tools Group (NATG) is to produce a set of core audit tools to enable hospices to evidence compliance with national standards of care, irrespective...

Meet the Human Factors Pre-Market Review Team from FDA (HFES'11 Healthcare Technical Group Invited Address)

The session will introduce you to FDA’s process, priorities, and rationale for reviewing human factors content in pre-market submissions for new medical devices. Critical components of the review process will be highlighted: 1) the types of information FDA needs to see in a successful device submission in order to ensure prompt reviews, and 2) the types of data that provide sufficient evidence of reasonably safe and effective device use for the intended users, uses, and use environments. The presenters will also discuss FDA guidance documents, including the new and updated human factors guidance document and the human factors content contained in the new infusion pump guidance, as well as relevant national and international standards that can assist manufacturers in performing effective human factors design, evaluation and testing to ensure devices are optimally safe and effective during their use, and will also in assist in preparing the human factors component of new device submissions. The speakers wil...

Effect of static force on bone conduction hearing thresholds and comfort

Objective: To assess the effect of the static force of a bone vibrator on the results of bone conduction (BC) threshold measurements and comfort. Design: BC thresholds were determined for 40 participants using the standardized P-3333 headband and a leather adjustable headstrap with variable static forces (2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.4 N). Comfort ratings were examined using a five-point Likert scale. Results: Mean BC thresholds were within ± 2 dB across all conditions; differences may be considered small enough to be clinically insignificant. Participants experienced significantly greater discomfort with the P-3333 versus the adjustable headstrap. The mean static force of the P-3333 varied considerably and was higher in situ than the calibration standard of 5.4 N. Conclusions: The results suggest that future revisions of relevant international and national standards should address the use of an adjustable headstrap and a static force less than 5.4 N.SumarioObjetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la fuerza estática de un vibrador óseo en los resultados de las mediciones de los umbrales por conducción ósea (BC) y sobre la comodidad. Diseño: Se determinaron los umbrales BC en 40 participantes utilizando la diadema estandarizada P-3333 y una banda cefálica ajustable con fuerzas estáticas variables (2.4, 3.4, 4.4, 5.4 N). La calificación de la comodidad se examinó con una escala Likert de cinco puntos. Resultados: Los umbrales promedio estuvieron en los ± 2dB a través de todas las condiciones; las diferencias pueden ser consideradas lo suficientemente pequeñas para ser clínicamente insignificantes. Los participantes experimentaron una molestia mucho mayor con la P-3333 que con la banda cefálica ajustable. La fuerza estática de la P-3333 varió considerablemente y fue mayor in situ que en el estándar de calibración de 5.4 N. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que las revisiones de los estándares internacionales y nacionales deben dirigir la atención al uso de las bandas cefálicas ajustables y una fuerza estática menor que 5.4 N.

An Optimization and its Realization of Mast Crane Based on APDL

There is currently no relevant national design standards about mast crane, so there are many of its non-standard design and a variety of forms and no attention is payed to the rationality of the design. Therefore, optimal design of the mast crane steel structure has a significant meaning for design technology of mast crane. This paper refers to a kind of parametric optimization model based on Ansys OPT, combined with finite element analysis (FEA) and stability theory. The building process and the program structure of the parametric optimization model is introduced. Corresponding program is developed by using ansys parametric design language (APDL) , which extract some parametes from FEA results, such as weight and axial force, etc, and rapid optimization design of mast crane is realized. It has a referenced meaning for optimization design of steel structure of all types of mast crane.

Using Standards for Internal Quality Assurance for Management and Program Administration

Using Standards for Internal Quality Assurance for Management and Program Administration