Relevant National Standards Research Articles

Experiment and Analysis of Film-Soil Separation Motion Characteristics of a Chain Drive Residual Film Recovery Mechanism for the Tillage Layer

The working principle and key components of a chain drive residual film recovery machine were studied. A kinematic analysis of the chain drive soil separation mechanism was completed by applying ADAMS software to obtain the trajectory, displacement, velocity and acceleration of the center of mass of the chain plate link_1 in the x- and y-directions within the effective shaking displacement. A field test of the chain drive separation mechanism was carried out. When the shaking roller was in contact with the chain, the change in speed of the chain in the x- and y-directions was not significant, but the force in the y-direction was conducive to breaking the soil pieces and improving the rate of collecting the residual film. The change in the speed of link_1 in the y-direction speed with x-direction speed explained the action of the separation mechanism on conveying and throwing of the film-soil mixture in the horizontal and vertical directions, which revealed the mechanism of the chain drive film-soil separation equipment. The field test showed that the film collection rate of the chain drive separation mechanism was 68%, and the surface residue was 6%. The test results meet the relevant national and industry standards and design requirements. The results of this study provide guidance for the design and optimization of chain drive film-soil separation equipment.

СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ТА КОНТРОЛЮ ЯКОСТІ ТОВАРІВ

The article is focused on the concept definition and basic elements of the system of management and quality control of goods. Economic and legal means of ensuring the quality of goods are claimed to outline legal procedures and mechanisms of solving the state's tasks concerning: a) creation and maintenance of the required level of safety of domestic goods (products, works, services) concerning consumers and the environment; b) promoting the competitiveness of goods in economic turnover. The modern sphere of technical regulation of quality of goods (products, works, services) is outlined in terms of such types of normative documents as: technical regulation; standard; technical conditions, the key features of each concept are defined and analyzed. It is established that the forms of conformity assessment are: product certification and application of conformity marks; conducting laboratory tests in accredited laboratories; self-declaration of conformity claimed by the market operator, which may be combined with the application of a control (supervision) system. The quality management system (hereinafter – QMS) is defined as a system of tools, methods and activities of the subject of economic relations – the producer, aimed at meeting the requirements and expectations of consumers regarding the quality of goods (products, works, services). QMS (quality management systems) are preventive. QMS can be focused on products, works, services, environment, production process or encompass all application spheres. Within the QMS, in turn, the product quality control system is a set of interrelated objects and subjects of control, the types, methods and tools used to assess product quality and prevent production defects / poor quality at different stages of the product life cycle and quality levels management (effective system of quality control of goods allows, in most cases, to make a timely and targeted impact on the quality level of goods, to prevent various defects in the work, to ensure their prompt identification and elimination with the least resource costs). The main elements of the quality control system include the following subsystems: planning; inspection control; incentives and responsibilities. The types of quality control of goods are covered in the article. In order to improve product safety nowadays most of the manufacturers in the field of economics are revealed to apply quality management systems based on the following standards: ISO, HACCP, GMP. Relevant international and national standards used by many producers in quality management and control systems to improve product safety in modern economic realities are analyzed.

Study on Properties of Copper-Contaminated Soil Solidified by Solid Waste System Combined with Cement

Three industrial solid wastes including red mud, carbide slag, and phosphogypsum combined with ordinary Portland cement were used as curing agents to solidify/stabilize loess polluted by a high concentration of copper ions. The unconfined compressive strength, resistivity, permeability coefficient, copper ion leaching concentration, pH value, and other engineering application evaluation indexes were analyzed to preliminarily assess the applicability of the curing agent in the remediation of soil contaminated with a high concentration of copper ions. The mineral phases and functional groups of solidified soil were detected using XRD and FTIR, showing that the strength, electrical resistivity, and pH value of solidified soil decrease following the addition of copper ions. Moreover, the strength and resistivity of solidified soil increase with the curing age, and the pH value decreases with age. For solidified contaminated soil, when the total content of curing agent increases from 10 to 20%, the maximum 28 d strength increases from 1.35 to 5.43 MPa, and in this study, its permeability coefficient, copper ion leaching concentration, and pH value were found to be within the limits set by relevant national standards. In conclusion, red mud-carbide slag-phosphogypsum combined with cement has a good stabilizing effect on sites polluted with a high concentration of copper ions.

Principle of relevance as an information indicator of quality of administrative and legal standards in modern cyberspace

Administrative and legal norms in modern cyberspace are outlined. The general characteristic of the state of professional and personnel level of intellectual potential in the field of nanotechnologies is given. At the same time, it was emphasized that in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, the world is forced to rapidly reformat into a neural network virtualization mode as a phenomenal digital communication in public relations. An algorithm of actions as the quality of administrative and legal control and coordination of the subjects of cyber-infrastructure support of state and non-state forms of ownership has been formed. It is stated that the human evolution in the conditions of formation and further progress of the information society is one of the fundamental factors of the period of social transformations. It is noted that the legislator should pay attention to the qualitative formation of the national qualifications limit. It is envisaged that the principles of its creation and implementation should be the relevant national and European educational standards and principles of relevance as information indicators of educational quality. In addition, the need to take into account current needs and interests in the labor market on the competence of employees, which creates an effective interaction of the education sector with the labor market. The crucial role of cooperation with the European Neural Network of National Centers for Academic Mobility and Recognition is emphasized. It is determined that all these trends are carried out in order to integrate the domestic higher education system into the European and world educational space. The role of cybersecurity in the neural network cryptosystem of state formation is emphasized, namely the risks and measures related to the need to protect personal data of consumers, preservation of information in telecommunications systems, preservation of confidential information and trade secrets.

Innovative Fusion Conceptual Design and Research of Demolition Pliers for Emergency Rescue

This study is initiated from the urgent demand for the emergency rescue equipment when emergency rescue tasks are performed for public emergencies such as earthquakes and road traffic accidents. The characteristics of public emergencies and the development status of existing emergency rescue equipment are analyzed. It is of great research significance to propose that reasonably designed emergency rescue equipment can effectively reduce the casualties of rescuers and the loss of national property.BR The purpose of this research is to complete the design of a demolition device that is efficient, portable, easy to operate, reasonable in human-computer interaction, and has strong endurance. As an indispensable type of emergency rescue equipment, demolition equipment should be optimized and innovatively designed. Based on the analysis of the research status of demolition equipment and key technologies, it is proposed that there are still many problems that lead to the low application of demolition equipment in large disaster sites. This paper proposes to improve the driving method, structure function and interactive experience of the demolition equipment, so that the demolition equipment can achieve better use effect and have a better use experience, and reasonably realize the innovative fusion design scheme of the new demolition pliers integration.BR The research content and results are as follows: firstly, the purpose and method of the research are clarified through investigation and analysis; the second part is to clarify the design principles of the demolition equipment; the third part applies the design principles to complete the design of the demolition pliers; the fourth part applies the relevant national standards and policies The document carries out the verification analysis on the design scheme. Based on these research results, we hope to provide some design inspiration and research ideas for the future innovative fusion design of emergency rescue equipment.

Optimization of mechanized soil covering path based on the agronomic mode of full-film double-ditch with double-width filming

In order to further improve the working performance and efficiency of mechanized tillage operation of a full-film double-ditch seedbed, under the working conditions of different parameters of the spiral push-type soil covering device with double-width filming, the dynamic soil covering characteristics and soil covering uniformity of the device were analyzed, the collaborative and interactive coupling mechanism of the horizontal pushing process of the mulching soil and horizontally two-way spiral soil transmission device were revealed, and the main reasons for the influence of different soil covering belts on the change of soil particle number distribution were analyzed. Based on the full-film double-ditch mode with double-width filming, the mechanized soil covering path was optimized. In order to further reduce the disturbance on mulching soil by two-way spiral pushing, a kind of parallel shunt type soil covering device with double-width filming was designed, then a discrete element method was adopted to make simulation analysis and optimize the parallel shunt type soil covering device with double-width filming. Field verification tests showed that after the operation of the full-film double-ditch combined machine with double-width filming and soil covering installed with the parallel shunt type soil covering device, the qualified rate of the film edge soil covering width was 96.1%, an increase of 1.6% compared to that before optimization; the qualified rate of soil covering width at the center of the big ridge was 93.5%, an increase of 1.9% compared to that before optimization; the qualified rate of the soil covering thickness was 97.7%, an increase of 0.2% compared to that before optimization. The test indicators reached the requirements of relevant national and industrial standards, showing that the test results met the design requirements, and the working conditions of verification tests were consistent with the simulation results. Keywords: full-film double-ditch, double-width filming, soil covering, soil covering path optimization, soil covering device DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221501.6853 Citation: Dai F, Guo W J, Song X F, Zhang Y, Shi R J, Wang F, Zhao W Y. Optimization of mechanized soil covering path based on the agronomic mode of full-film double-ditch with double-width filming. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(1): 139–146.

Procedure for determining the remaining time to initiation of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion for existing concrete structures

For efficient asset management of reinforced concrete infrastructure, owners want to know when to expect corrosion in structures. At present, no widely accepted procedures for testing of existing structures for the remaining time to corrosion initiation are available. This paper describes such a procedure, based on the authors’ long-time experience. From about 20 years age, the concrete contains its mature response to actual environmental loads, e.g. chloride ingress. By measuring the mean and standard deviation of the actual cover depth, taking chloride profiles, assuming a few parameters and a simple, pragmatic model, the expected time to corrosion initiation for a particular test area can be predicted. Required numbers of cores and samples per core are given. Uncertainties are taken into account by subtracting a safety margin from the measured concrete cover depth. Results of six cores per test area are classified and interpretations are given. Because of large variability, the results are classified in three ranges of time to corrosion initiation: five years or less, five to fifteen years, or more than 15 years. The procedure has been approved by the relevant national Standards committees and was issued as a CUR Recommendation in 2018. It is illustrated based on a field case and the obtained results are discussed.

Numerical Simulation and Thermophysical Feature Analysis of Fire Propagation Law in Large Urban Rail Transit Buildings

As the development of urban rail transit (URT) picks up speed, more and more attention has been paid to the safety hazards that threaten URT operations. In URT buildings with different fire resistance ratings, the combustion performance and fire resistance limit of their components must meet relevant national standards. It is of certain practical significance to explore the fire propagation law in large modern URT buildings. Considering the peculiarity of URT building fire, this paper carries out numerical simulation and thermophysical feature analysis of fire propagation law. Firstly, the fire propagation features in underground station and section (USS) of URT system were described, and the corresponding control equations were established for mass, momentum, and energy. Then, the factors affecting the attenuation coefficient, including heat exchange coefficient, convection coefficient, and radiation coefficient, were analyzed, and a prediction model was established for temperature attenuation. Experiments were carried out to verify the scientific nature of our numerical simulation of fire propagation law in URT buildings, and obtain the thermophysical properties of fire propagation in URT buildings.

MODERN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (Part 2. Safety indicators of control systems)

Purpose: Analysis and determination of the main modern international safety requirements that must be met in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment management systems, as well as confirmation of the need for further improvement of the domestic regulatory framework in this area. Methodology/approach: Performed analysis of the requirements of modern international standards (IEC 62061 and IEC 61508) on the safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for industrial equipment and the existing sequence of protection against hazards; the algorithm of step-by-step realization of control systems and the basic features of the organization of their structures at the level of functional blocks and subsystems for maintenance of necessary level of completeness of functional safety are defined; the peculiarities of the process of design and development of each of the subsystems and the algorithm of its execution are analyzed; defined algorithms for estimating the probability of dangerous accidental hardware failures for the recommended basic architecture of subsystems (type A, B, C and D) and for the control system itself; provided recommendations on the composition of the specification of safety requirements in the design of control systems; reviewed software requirements. Conclusions: The analysis of the features of functioning and application of modern international safety standards, which must be observed in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment management systems convincingly confirms the relevance and need for further improvement of domestic regulations in this area. Research results: Modern requirements for the organization of the control system structure at the level of functional units and subsystems to ensure the required level of completeness of functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for industrial equipment are determined, as well as features of application the of algorithms for estimating the probability of dangerous accidental failures of control systems and their subsystems. Practical implications: The development and implementation of relevant national standards based on IEC 62061 and IEC 61508 should accelerate the further development of technical progress in Ukraine in the field of industrial safety. Originality/value: Defining the main features of the functioning of modern international safety standards, which must be observed in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment control systems; Appropriate recommendations for their practical application are provided; Substantiated and confirmed the relevance and importance of the development of relevant harmonized national standards based on the standards IEC 62061 and IEC 61508.

Pollution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Sediments and Soils around Tiegelongnan Copper Deposit, Northern Tibet, China

The surface sediments of the Rongna River and the surface soils around the Tiegelongnan copper deposit were collected, and the heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, and Ni were measured for their concentrations and health risk assessment. When the Rongna River passed through the Cu deposit area, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ni, and Hg in the surface sediments increased significantly, and the concentrations of Cu, Zn, and As exceeded the corresponding Grade II environmental quality standard. The heavy metals in the soil of the mining area were greater than the background value of the soil in Tibet. The geoaccumulation index indicated that the sediments of the river entering the mining area were very highly polluted by Cu and moderately polluted by Cd and Zn, and the soils in the mining area were moderately polluted by Cu. The potential ecological risk (PER) indices revealed that the sediments of the river entering the mining area had significantly high ecological risks, while the PER of the sediments away from the river section of the mining area was low, and the PER of the soils around the Cu deposit was moderate. The results of the health risk assessment indicated that the noncarcinogenic risks of heavy metals in sediments and soil of the mining area were within the acceptable range for adults and children. However, the carcinogenic risk of As and Cd in the sediment and As in the soil exceeds the relevant national standards, which may pose a certain risk to human health.

Current situation and problems of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials

To learn the current situation and strengthen the management of national standards for Chinese medicinal materials, we sorted out the relevant national standards. According to incomplete statistics, there are 1 185 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, including 1 024 kinds of plant medicines, 106 kinds of animal medicines, and 54 kinds of mineral medicines, in addition to ethnic medicinal materials with different functions. The relevant standards include 819 Pharmacopoeia standards, 342 standards issued by the Ministry of Health or National Medicinal Products Administration, 7 standards for new medicinal materials, and 17 standards for imported medicinal materials. In this paper, the sources of standards as well as the distribution of families and genera and the distribution of medicinal parts of medicinal materials are analyzed. The suggestions are as follows:(1)to improve the coordination among different national standards of Chinese medicinal materials;(2)to improve the standardization and controllability of relevant standards;(3)to revise the issued standards for Chinese medicinal materials(including Tibetan, Uygur, and Mongolian medicinal materials).

Development of a 125% Load Brake Test Instrument for Elevator

In order to solve the problem of elevator braking test inspection, this paper combs the requirements of relevant national standards and inspection rules on braking performance, and develops an elevator braking test inspection instrument. With the help of the instrument, the elevator braking effect can be expressed quantitatively, and the inspectors can conveniently judge whether the braking test results meet the requirements of elevator inspection rules remotely. A way to standardize and rationalize the test is given. In order to solve the problem of elevator brake test inspection, this paper sorted out the national standards and inspection rules on braking performance, and developed an instrument of elevator brake test inspection. With the help of the instrument, we could quantitatively give the expression on the elevator braking effect, and the inspectors can conveniently judge whether the braking test results meet the requirements of the elevator inspection rules in the remote.

Preparation of recyclable materials for removing heavy metal ions in aqueous solution and wastewater applications

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo functionalized nano‐adsorbents were prepared by modifying carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide with active carboxyl groups, and used to remove Pb(II) heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The adsorbent combines the advantages of the active groups that can easily capture heavy metal ions and the high specific surface area of nanomaterials, has high adsorption capacity and affinity and is easily separated from the sample solution by centrifugation.RESULTSBoth scanning and transmission electron microscopy images show that the walls of the carbon tubes are oxidized and the ports at both ends are also opened, and the graphene oxide surface has more folds, producing more active groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which provide suitable active sites for the attachment of heavy metals. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that characteristic peak of lead appears in the energy spectrum after adsorption. Raman and infrared spectra show that the surface defects of the two materials have increased. The adsorption capacity calculated using the Langmuir equation was 118.82 and 178.23 mg g−1 at pH = 5, and equilibrium adsorption capacity was reached at 120 min. The adsorption capacity of the materials for Pb2+ reaches the equilibrium concentration value when the concentration is 50 mg L−1. Wastewater experiments were carried out to prove that the materials can meet the relevant national standards for lead ions in actual wastewater.CONCLUSIONSThe adsorption results for the two materials demonstrated that the materials prepared in the optimum conditions exhibited strong adsorption ability and high stability and with promise for practical applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

Management system and development strategy of quality Chinese medicine

The development of quality Chinese medicine is an important way to improve the quality of Chinese medicine, and ensure the safety and effectiveness of Chinese medicine. This article systematically elaborates the definition, classification, standard and mana-gement certification strategy of quality Chinese medicine. We present the quality Chinese medicine which is higher quality than that of eligible Chinese medicine based on quality control standards. Quality Chinese medicine is strictly in accordance with management procedures, likely GAP and GMP et al, during the productive process, which quality indicators is higher than that of the current relevant national quality standards, such as Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP) et al; its limited indicators such as exogenous pollutants and endogenous toxic substances are lower than that of the current relevant national quality standards, likely ChP et al; meanwhile these Chinese herbal medicine, medicinal pieces, patent medicines, and health products and foods with Chinese medicine raw materials are been certificated by quality Chinese medicine. At the same time, this article systematically expounds the five major management systems of quality Chinese medicine, including technical training management for practitioners, productive process management, standard mana-gement, quality inspection and certification management, and product traceability management. And we put forward strategies to improve the supervision and management system, and promote the standardization and development of quality Chinese medicine by improving the technical management system of quality Chinese medicine, strengthening the quality management system and six sigma(6σ) management in the company. These strategies will provide a reliable basis and effective way to improve the quality of Chinese medicine.

Towards a traceable divider for composite voltage waveforms below 1\xa0kV

In the framework of the European Project 19NRM07 HV-com2 supporting the standardization in high-voltage testing with composite and combined wave shapes, a divider to employ in a test set-up for validation of electrical devices submitted to composite voltages below 1 kV has been developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) and currently is under extensive testing. After a simulation stage, an available divider has been modified to comply with the IEC 60,060 requirements in terms of step response and scale factor. To be suitably fast in replying to step voltages, an adjustment of the components of the low-voltage arm has been made. The divider has been calibrated with traceability to the relevant INRIM National Standards and characterized exploiting its scale factor at different voltages and frequencies. The divider has been then inserted in a set-up with a sinusoidal generator, an impulse generator and coupling–blocking elements to carry out tests at low voltages (below 1 kV) with single voltages. In these tests, the divider showed a satisfactory attitude as converting device and its scale factor is traceable with suitable uncertainty.

Research on Intelligent Detection and Improvement Technology of Urban Rail Transit Electromagnetic Compatibility

The design and installation of the rail transit power supply system should be completed under the premise of careful comparison with relevant national standards. The problems of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference in urban rail transit engineering involve a wide range of subjects, and have the problems of being neglected, forgotten, and mixed. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an electromagnetic compatibility design for urban rail transit in a complex electromagnetic environment. In this design, electromagnetic interference sources, coupling paths and sensitive equipment are analyzed in detail, and electromagnetic coupling path cutting technologies such as grounding, shielding, filtering and wiring are strictly designed to meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of urban rail transit.

Research on Reliability Demonstration of Naval Gun Weapon System

Combined with the relevant national military standards, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the selection and determination of the reliability index of naval gun weapon system, and puts forward the determination method of the basic reliability of naval gun equipment and the threshold value and target value of the mission reliability combined with the life profile and mission profile of Naval gun equipment. This method has a certain reference significance for the reliability design of naval gun equipment in the development stage, and the research of this paper has a certain practical value.

MODERN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (Part І. Safety indicators of control systems)

Purpose: Analysis and determination of the main modern international safety requirements that must be met in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment management systems, as well as confirmation of the need for further improvement of the domestic regulatory framework in this area.Performed analysis of the requirements of modern international standards (IEC 62061, IEC 61508) on the safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for industrial equipment and the existing sequence of protection against hazards; the main features of the architecture of such control systems are identified and algorithms for determining the main indicators of their functional safety (PL; SIL PL; PFHd) and an algorithm for ensuring the required level of security depending on the parameters of existing risks are provided. The analysis of the features of functioning and application of modern international safety standards, which must be observed in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment management systems convincingly confirms the relevance and need for further improvement of domestic regulations in this area. The main parameters (indicators) of safety of functioning of electric, electronic and programmable electronic control systems of industrial equipment are determined. Relevant recommendations are provided on the main aspects of their application and implementation according to IEC 62061 and IEC 61508.The development and implementation of relevant national standards based on IEC 62061 and IEC 61508 should accelerate the further development of technical progress in the field of industrial safety. Confirmed relevance and importance of the need to develop relevant national standards based on IEC 62061 and IEC 61508.

A liquid scintillation analysis method for low-level radioactive wastewater

There is currently general concern over low-level radioactive wastewater from the development of nuclear industry. In this paper, a method based on an ultralow-level liquid scintillation spectrometer for measuring uranium radioactivity in low-level radioactive wastewater is proposed. This method can easily and quickly measure the radioactivity level of uranium in samples and can even distinguish the main isotopes of uranium. The liquid scintillation method directly provides results in units of radioactivity activity concentration, which are more convenient for comparison with relevant national standards to determine whether the emission standards are met. The lowest limit of detection of this method is 0.014 Bq l−1 within 600 min.

Isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic fiber from jute bast by the organic solvent degumming system: an alkali-free method

Degumming is the dominant method for insolating lignocellulosic fibers in textile applications. Traditional alkaline degumming (TAL), as a common method, requires a high-concentration alkali and has been a severe challenge to the environment. In the research reported here, the possibility of innovative jute degumming by organic solvents 1-2 propylene glycol and a combination of additive green oxygen (GO-OS) was studied. The results revealed that fibers could be extracted by this system (under condition of 0.9% GO-OS, 180°C, 120 min), and obtained fibers with higher breaking tenacity (7.1 cN/dtex), yield (65.7%), breaking elongation (2.87%) and residual gum (11.7%), which all meet the requirement of the relevant Chinese Textile National Standards. Notably, the required reaction time (120 min) of the GO-OS system was 180 min shorter than that of the TAL method. Furthermore, the modifications introduced by the degumming effect on physicochemical aspects were characterized and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. This study provides a promising degumming method for separating jute lignocellulose without acid and alkali consumption.