Relevant Educational Resources Research Articles

Fighting HIV at the Grassroots: Local Leadership in Prevention Programs

HIV prevention has seen significant advancements through various approaches, yet one of the most impactful strategies is leveraging local leadership in grassroots communities. Local leaders, including health workers, religious figures, and community activists, play a crucial role in shaping attitudes, reducing stigma, and mobilizing resources for HIV prevention. This review highlights the importance of community-driven HIV prevention programs and examines how local leadership fosters trust, promotes safer behaviors, and ensures sustainability in tackling the epidemic. It emphasizes the unique position of grassroots leaders to bridge the gap between formal healthcare systems and underserved communities. The success of grassroots HIV prevention initiatives has been evident in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia, where community health workers and faith-based leaders have led impactful programs. These leaders are often better equipped to address the specific cultural and social contexts of the populations they serve. By incorporating culturally relevant education, advocacy, and healthcare resources, local leaders effectively reduce barriers to HIV care and prevention. However, the success of such programs is not without challenges, including the persistence of stigma, limited resources, and the need for more formal training for local leaders. Keywords: HIV Prevention, Grassroots Leadership, Community-Based Programs, Local Leadership, Public Health

APOI@ INDIGENOUS EDUCATION: DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR SHARING OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES

The research addressed the development of a differentiated school education for indigenous communities in Brazil, with an emphasis on a pedagogy that values ​​and preserves their cultural heritage. The study highlighted the need for educational resources adapted to indigenous cultural specificities, especially bilingual teaching materials, in accordance with the guidelines of the 1988 Federal Constitution and the 1996 Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education. The objective of the research was to create a digital platform for sharing Open Educational Resources (OER), including bilingual teaching materials and reports of pedagogical experiences specific to the Guarani language and culture. Using Maker Culture as a methodology, teachers from the Nhu Porã School, in Torres, RS, participated in workshops to develop these resources. The research was qualitative, with the researcher carrying out intensive fieldwork. Bibliographic research and action research procedures were used, promoting cooperation between the researcher and the community to solve the identified problem. The results indicated the importance of indigenous protagonism, community participation, and cooperation between different social actors in solving the shortage of bilingual teaching materials. The construction of OER by indigenous participants, the implementation of the digital platform, and the sharing of bilingual materials and pedagogical reports achieved the research objectives. The results highlight the importance of the active participation of indigenous people in the creation of culturally relevant educational resources, expanding access to bilingual materials, and promoting a culture of collaboration and sharing in the context of indigenous education. The digital platform expanded access to indigenous bilingual educational resources, contributing to the preservation of cultural identity and the promotion of educational inclusion.

Research on the Construction and Development of Aesthetic Education Bases in Higher Education Institutions

In order to implement the national aesthetic education policy, it is essential to organically integrate relevant aesthetic education resources, promote interdisciplinary education, and carry out extracurricular practical activities centered on aesthetic education. Strengthening the foundation of aesthetic education theory, addressing practical challenges in the teaching process, and closely linking research with teaching will create a feedback loop that benefits drama education. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the construction strategies, resource advantages and disadvantages, and development of aesthetic education bases, offering countermeasures and suggestions for their construction in universities. It aims to provide a solid research foundation for the growth and development of aesthetic education bases in higher education institutions.

Fostering fisheries futures: the promise of localized stewardship education in Nunatsiavut

Nunatsiavut is a self-governing Inuit territory in northern coastal Labrador, where cultural knowledge and social values are incorporated into co-managed subsistence and commercial fisheries. Snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), known as Putjotik in Inuttitut (the Nunatsiavut dialect of Inuktitut), is a co-managed fishery through the Torngat Joint Fisheries Board (TJFB) and plays a crucial role in sustaining the community of Makkovik. Arctic Char (IKaluk) is also harvested in co-managed subsistence and commercial fisheries, and is a staple in local economies and culture. In 2022, the TJFB partnered with Inuit educators to foster youth stewardship in a project called Paigitsiaguk. The Paigitsiaguk project bridges Inuit and scientific knowledge to nurture cultural values and environmental stewardship through providing place and land-based resources to educators. The project team created a comprehensive database of curriculum outcomes required by the Newfoundland and Labrador school system, and then designed culturally relevant learning activities that presented Inuit knowledge with science and social studies for students in Nunatsiavut. These resources include learning activities that are organized into education kits: one of which is centered on Putjotik and another on IKaluk. The Putjotik kit has 23 activities tailored to meet grade-specific learning outcomes, while the IKaluk kit provides 12 place-based learning activities appropriate for multiple grade levels. By providing localized and culturally relevant education resources to teachers that revolve around stewarding local fish species and their ecosystems, youth are connecting to their communities and to the coastal environment. Educational resources and learning activities reflect Inuit and scientific knowledge systems, and position teachers as facilitators to encourage students to learn from the land and Elders, knowledge holders, fishers, scientists, and managers. This paper reflects the promising futures that this work can contribute to; from facilitating intergenerational knowledge transmission from knowledge holders to youth, to encouraging self-determined stewardship activities that encourage care for the ocean and its fisheries.

From Treatment to Recovery: Gynecological Survivors' and Caregivers' Perspectives About the Usability of an Educational Resource.

The objective of this study was to understand gynecological cancer (GC) survivors' and their informal caregivers' perceptions about the usability of an educational resource to support their transition from primary cancer treatment into surveillance and/or recovery. After developing an empirical- and experiential-informed educational resource, we used a semi-structured questioning process to understand GC survivors and their caregivers' perceptions about its usability. Data were collected via online focus groups or 1:1 interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed. We used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Ten participants who were survivors or informal caregivers of cervical, ovarian, or uterine/endometrial cancer participated in two rounds of data collection. We grouped qualitative data into two themes: (1) reputable, relevant, and accessible education reduces uncertainty and promotes connection, and (2) individualized delivery of education provided by trusted cancer clinicians. The transition from treatment to surveillance is a challenging time for which reputable, relevant, and accessible educational resources are useful to facilitate an understanding about and self-management of survivorship-related concerns. Survivors and caregivers look to clinicians to provide reputable education to address their needs. This education should be diverse in content and referred to repeatedly throughout the cancer trajectory.

Assessment of the Validity and Quality of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Screening Tools Available for Women Globally: A Systematic Review.

Background: This systematic review has the following aims: (1) to identify measurement tools used globally by healthcare providers to diagnose PCOS in women at elevated risk; (2) to assess the comprehensiveness of these tools regarding mental health and chronic pain; (3) to list strategies for validating, disseminating, and implementing these tools; and (4) to provide future recommendations for experts in healthcare settings. Methods: This review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Arksey and O'Malley York methodology. Studies were sourced from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, with inclusion criteria focusing on peer-reviewed articles addressing PCOS diagnosis and associated comorbidities. Data extraction and analysis followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations. Results: A total of 63 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that current screening tools for PCOS often lack comprehensive integration of mental health and chronic pain assessments. Tools like the PCOSQ and its updated version, PCOSQ-50, inadequately address pain-related symptoms, highlighting a gap in holistic patient evaluation. This review identified significant associations between PCOS and mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression, emphasizing the need for mental health screenings as part of PCOS management. Conclusions: There is a critical need for validated PCOS screening tools that encompass both physical and psychological aspects of the condition. Educating healthcare providers on the cultural and social determinants influencing PCOS can improve diagnosis and patient outcomes. Future research should focus on developing holistic screening tools and culturally relevant educational resources, aiming to enhance the overall quality of life for women with PCOS.

Applying Digital Technology to Understand Human Experiences of Climate Change Impacts on Food Security and Mental Health: Scoping Review.

The global impact of climate change ranges from intense heatwaves to extreme weather events that endanger entire ecosystems and people's way of life. Adverse climate change events place undue stress on food and health systems, with consequences for human food security and mental health status. Ubiquitous digital devices, such as smartphones, have the potential to manage existing and emerging climate-related crises, given their ability to enable rapid response, instant communication, and knowledge sharing. This scoping review aimed to identify digital apps being used to capture or address climate change impacts on food security and mental health to inform the development of a digital citizen science initiative. A scoping review was conducted using 3 peer-reviewed databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science) and manual gray literature searches of relevant organizational (ie, governmental and nonprofit) websites to identify articles and reports published between January 2012 and July 2023. Three separate searches were conducted in each database to identify digital apps focused on climate change and (1) food security, (2) mental health, and (3) food security and mental health. Two reviewers conducted initial screening, with a third reviewer resolving any discrepancies. Articles focused on climate change impacts on wildlife or agriculture (ie, not human food security) were excluded. Full-text screening was conducted for shortlisted articles, and a final data abstraction table was generated, summarizing key app features, contextual factors, and participant involvement. From the 656 records screened, 14 digital apps met the inclusion criteria. The food security apps (n=7, 50%) aimed to capture traditional knowledge to preserve food systems, conduct food security assessments, and aid users in decreasing food insecurity risk. The mental health apps (n=7, 50%) assessed climate change-related stress and provided users with coping strategies following adverse weather events. No digital apps examined the intersection of climate change, food security, and mental health. Key app features included user-to-user communication (n=5, 36%), knowledge databases (n=5, 36%), data collection and analysis (n=3, 21%), gamification (n=1, 7%), and educational resources (n=2, 14%) to address climate change impacts on food security or mental health. In total, 3 approaches to participant involvement were used across studies, including contributory (n=1, 7%), collaborative (n=1, 7%), and cocreative (n=1, 7%) approaches, to ensure the relevance and use of digital apps. Most digital apps identified provided a service to citizens to either prevent adverse climate change-related health impacts or manage these effects following an acute event or a natural disaster. The capacity of ubiquitous digital tools to enable near real-time communication, the involvement of various stakeholder groups, and their ability to share relevant educational resources in a timely manner are important for developing tailored climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies across jurisdictions.

A Qualitative Insight into Pre-Departure Orientation Training for Aspiring Nepalese Migrant Workers.

Pre-departure orientation training (PDOT) can help equip aspiring migrant workers with skills and knowledge to mitigate vulnerabilities throughout their migration journey, including health. In Nepal, PDOT has been mandatory since 2004 for migrant workers awaiting labour permits. The current PDOT programme includes country-specific information as well as health and well-being advice. However, the views of trainees and trainers on PDOT are largely unknown. This qualitative study aims to explore perceptions of migrant workers and relevant stakeholders on the content and delivery of PDOT. Six focus group discussions and six in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants, and eight interviews with key stakeholders were conducted. Thematic analysis resulted in five themes: (a) PDOT structure, accessibility, and implementation; (b) role of stakeholders in labour migration process; (c) coordination and governance; (d) curriculum development and relevance; and (e) capacity of trainers and effectiveness of training. Our findings emphasise the need for a more tailored curriculum with relevant information, education, and communication resources, possibly with input from former migrant workers. Regular updates of training topics and resources, as well as continued engagement with migrants after their employment, are essential for meeting the dynamic demands of the global employment market.

The Constructivist Approach in English Language Teaching: A Psychological Review

By allowing students to interact with one another and draw from past experiences, constructivism is a novel approach that creates space for student-centric learning exposure and helps them to develop their language competence. Instead of being teacher-centered, it is student-centered, with the teacher acting as a facilitator. Constructivism held that an instructor at the front of the room cannot impart knowledge to students at their desks. As they create knowledge through an active, mental process of development, learners are the creators and builders of meaning. Students' interests, aptitudes both general and specialised, attitudes, success, goals, and drives all play a role. This method fosters motivation, flexibility, adaptability, creativity, and versatility in both the teacher and the students. It encourages students to learn via their own experiences, as well as with the help of others and relevant educational resources. If constructivism is successful in teaching and learning English, students' learning will be more enjoyable due to these distinctive features. It is an arrangement that will reduce students' reluctance and boost their confidence during English conversation because it involves working in mixed ability groups and rewarding the group based on its overall performance. In view of it, the current paper is focused has been done with a view to highlight the psychological review of constructivist approach in English language teaching.

Transformation of the content of human rights under the influence of globalisation

Human rights have transcended the realm of individual-state relations, becoming a constructive element of state legal systems and promoting the integration of social and legal relations, leading to the emergence of previously unknown human rights. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a legal understanding of them, considering contemporary realities. The purpose of the study is to describe and characterise the latest human rights within the framework of the general theory of law and the state. The methodological basis of the study is civilisation and socio-philosophical approaches, within which analysis, synthesis, and modelling methods were used. The essence of distinguishing generations of human rights boils down to the gradual realisation and resolution of issues of human legal status in a changing reality. Social relations, complicated by historical development, will give rise to new problems in human legal status. Attention is drawn to the close connection of human rights with the sphere of health protection, which arose as a result of scientific and technological achievements in biology and medicine, discussing rights to artificial insemination, euthanasia, organ transplantation, cloning, and gender change. The impact on fundamental human rights through the digitisation of law is analysed. The idea of the universality of human rights harmoniously interacts with the universality of digital technologies, so in the era of digitisation, the content of human rights and the related values do not change, and human rights themselves can become a unifying target perspective in determining attitudes towards new technologies. The main trends in the development of human rights in the conditions of globalisation are modelled, including the universalisation and unification of human rights, the complication of mechanisms for ensuring human rights at the international level, and the increasing importance of judicial law in protecting human rights at the supranational level. The paper focuses on the dependence of globalisation processes on transforming national legal systems in war conditions. The practical value of the study lies in its potential to incorporate the trends in human rights development within the context of globalisation into specific topics covered in courses on state and legal theory, philosophy of law, and the creation of relevant educational and methodological resources

Problems and Development Strategies of Music Education in Primary and Secondary Schools Based on Network Information Technology

Music education has traditionally followed a one-size-fits-all approach, often failing to address the diverse needs and preferences of individual students. A recommender system for music education is a specialized software or algorithm that helps students, educators, or music enthusiasts discover and access relevant music content, learning materials, or educational resources. This paper introduces the Graph Theory-based Information Technology(GTIT) music learning system, a revolutionary platform designed to personalize music education. The GTIT system leverages advanced technology, data-driven recommendations, and social learning networks to enhance the musical journey for students. The proposed GTIT model uses the graph theory-based music education model for the estimation of the data features with information technology. The proposed GTIT model comprises the stacked recommender model for the classification of the appropriate features in the music education data. The data for the analysis of the proposed GTIT model is collected for the existing sources. With the extracted features the recommender system is designed for the classification and recommendation of the features related to the music education. The proposed model explores the key components of the GTIT system, including the assessment of students' musical preferences, skill levels, and learning patterns. These factors are analyzed to provide tailored music recommendations that keep students engaged and motivated. Additionally, the GTIT system employs graph theory to create connections among students, fostering collaboration and social learning. Simulation results reveals that students who engage with the learning system experience significant improvements in their musical skills and knowledge. The personalized recommendations and collaborative learning environment contribute to enhanced skill development and musical progress. Moreover, the sense of community established by the system encourages peer interaction and mentorship. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the GTIT music education system's impact on students' learning experiences, skill development, and collaborative efforts. The analysis expressed the transformative potential of personalized recommendations and networked learning environments in music education. The GTIT system serves as a model for the future of music instruction, offering a promising approach for educators and institutions seeking to provide engaging and personalized music education.

Технологія формування готовності майбутніх економістів до протидії ризикам у професійній діяльності засобами електронних освітніх ресурсів

The article presents a developed techno-logy of forming the future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities by means of electronic educational resources, which allows modelling the process of professional training and choosing forms and methods of training that will ensure the desired result. The functions, methodological approaches, and principles of designing the technology have been determined. The article highlights the pedagogical conditions for the successful formation of future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities, namely: forming a responsible attitude of future economists to their professional activities through the development of positive motivation and a value orientations system; improving forms, methods, and means of formation of future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities; stimulating the reflexive activity of future economists at each stage of the process of formation of the readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities. The two stages of the content-procedural block of the developed technology have been revealed: the preparatory stage, which involves the development of educational and methodical support for the technology, and the activity stage, during which a direct implementation for relevant electronic educational resources (e-course and the training) into the educational process of training students is being made. The forming levels of the future economists’ readiness to counteract risks in their professional activities have been determined: high, medium, and low.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS OF NATURAL AND MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION AND TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problem of teachers’ professional development in the fields of natural, mathematics, technology, and informatics. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the information and educational environment as a condition for the professional development of teachers of science and mathematics education and technology in Ukraine. Research methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, systematization; generalization, comparison); empirical (observation, online questionnaires); methods of mathematical statistics. Special attention is paid to the results of the online survey of teachers on the topic «The using of information and educational environment». 64 teachers took part in the survey. It was established that teachers consider «quality of content» and «availability of resources» to be the factors affecting the effectiveness of the information and educational environment of postgraduate pedagogical education. The main functions of the informational and educational environment of postgraduate education for teachers include providing access to relevant educational and methodological resources, creating distance learning programs, and providing examples of lessons and master classes. It was found that the content of the informational and educational environment reflects the ideas of people-centeredness, ensures the realization of the paradigm of equal access to quality education, and is based on the principles of accessibility, openness and continuity of education. It has been established that the effective integration of methodological concepts into the informational and educational environment of postgraduate pedagogical education significantly contributes to the professional growth and success of teachers.

The longitudinal effect of disseminating handwashing public health education to children in India via co-created, culturally relevant resources.

Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death for children from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), often due to inadequate hand-hygiene. This study evaluates culturally relevant educational resources as a vehicle to disseminate the importance of handwashing amongst children in India. Employing a participatory action research (PAR) model and mixed methods, this follow-up longitudinal study evaluates a set of innovate educational handwashing resources and workshops specifically co-created for use in the State of Gujarat, and how they aid teachers in the teaching of hand-hygiene over a 3 year period. Working alongside local NGOs on-the-ground, teacher questionnaires (n=58) and focus groups including a brief questionnaire with teachers (n=35) were conducted to assess the impact of trainer workshops. In addition, pre- and post-workshop worksheets were conducted with children (n=98). Percentage change was calculated between children's pre-and post-worksheet scores and a cumulative frequency of responses to each questionnaire criterion was measured. Data from the focus group found that the resources had been used in over 200 schools by more than 5000 children. In addition, 92.28 % of teachers said they would use the resources within their classrooms in India, with 58.16 % of pupils having an increased understanding of germs/handwashing directly after the workshop. Teachers reported that they are able to teach microbiology and handwashing more effectively. Furthermore, following a focus group, 100 % of teachers noted a reduction in childhood vomiting and diarrhoeal illnesses linked with insufficient hand-hygiene across 46 schools in the State of Gujarat since using the Germ's Journey resources.

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum with a Technology-based Learning Model

The implementation of the independent Curriculum in the field of education through the utilization of technology models oriented towards Society 5.0 era, such as Internet of Things (IoT) or Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, and artificial robots that will fulfill human needs to address other requirements. This research analyze three perspectives: students, teachers, and institutions related to implementation of the independent Curriculum oriented towards Society 5.0 era. This study uses a mixed method research approach. The data collection technique in this study used random sampling techniques. Data analysis is inductive or qualitative, and the results of this study emphasize meaning rather than generalization. From the student's perspective, there is a significant difference indicating a significant difference between the previous curriculum-13 and the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in terms of students' development at school. From the teacher's perspective, indicates a significant difference, meaning that access to relevant educational resources and participation in professional activities are evident. From the institution's perspective, 97.9% of schools and teachers have accessed the digital platform of the independent Curriculum, with only 2.02% remaining to implement it. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum allows schools, teachers, and students the freedom to organize and develop their own curriculum while encouraging the use of technology in learning.

Surmounting Obstacles in STEM Education: An In-depth Analysis of Literature Paving the Way for Proficient Pedagogy in STEM Learning

The modern educational system has recognized the significance of STEM as a vital component of students' preparation for a promising future. Consequently, there is a need for comprehensive research in STEM education, encompassing an understanding of its context, challenges, and strategies to overcome these obstacles. Ongoing research continues to focus on developing coherent studies in this area, particularly emphasizing effective STEM pedagogy, which has proven to positively impact students' learning outcomes. However, despite its potential, STEM education faces several challenges that could impede its progress. In the scope of this study, a thorough examination revealed at least six key challenges confronting, these challenges encompass: pedagogical challenges, curriculum-related issues, structural complexities, student apprehensions, assessment concerns, and the critical need for teacher support. These challenges, along with proposed solutions, are discussed in-depth in this article. It is worth noting that pedagogical challenges hold paramount importance, as teachers play a pivotal role in implementing successful STEM education in schools. As such, this article delves into various effective pedagogical aspects that can facilitate the advancement of STEM education and foster enhanced learning experiences for students. Several key aspects contribute to effective pedagogy in STEM education and learning, including: (a) cultivating an innovative learning environment that nurtures inquiry, experimentation, and critical thinking; (b) utilizing a diverse range of authentic learning methods and relevant educational resources; (c) facilitating a collaborative learning environment that encourages teamwork and knowledge sharing; (d) creating an inclusive learning environment that accommodates the diverse needs of students; and (e) encouraging continuous reflection on and improvement of teaching practices to optimize learning outcomes.

Estratégias de comunicação enfermeiro-paciente: proposta de um vídeo educativo para estudantes de enfermagem

Objective: to create, validate and evaluate an educational video on nurse-patient communication strategies for undergraduate Nursing students. Method: this is a methodological study with a longitudinal design and quantitative analysis. The following stages were conducted: pre-production, production, post-production and evaluation of the video by the target population. Results: five female nurses evaluated the video storyboard and indicated understanding of the subject matter, the topics addressed and the language used as adequate and pertinent to the theme. Another five female nurses considered the following as present and desirable elements: quality of the audiovisual technique employed, simulated environment, characterization of the characters, and development of the nurse-patient communication strategies The final version of the video was evaluated by nine Nursing students that presented a level of item understanding of at least 96%. The video presents the following strategies: General communication strategies, Intercultural Communication, NURSE, Tell me more, Ask-Tell-Ask, Therapeutic Communication and Communicating Bad News. Conclusion: this study portrays the creation of a video, its validation by experts and its evaluation by the target population, which indicated it as a relevant educational resource for the teaching-learning process regarding communication strategies. Both the evaluators and the target population considered that the video is a valid instrument to teach content about the nurse-patient communication strategies.

Nurse-patient communication strategies: A proposal of an educational video for Nursing students.

to create, validate and evaluate an educational video on nurse-patient communication strategies for undergraduate Nursing students. this is a methodological study with a longitudinal design and quantitative analysis. The following stages were conducted: pre-production, production, post-production and evaluation of the video by the target population. five female nurses evaluated the video storyboard and indicated understanding of the subject matter, the topics addressed and the language used as adequate and pertinent to the theme. Another five female nurses considered the following as present and desirable elements: quality of the audiovisual technique employed, simulated environment, characterization of the characters, and development of the nurse-patient communication strategies The final version of the video was evaluated by nine Nursing students that presented a level of item understanding of at least 96%. The video presents the following strategies: General communication strategies, Intercultural Communication, NURSE, Tell me more, Ask-Tell-Ask, Therapeutic Communication and Communicating Bad News. this study portrays the creation of a video, its validation by experts and its evaluation by the target population, which indicated it as a relevant educational resource for the teaching-learning process regarding communication strategies. Both the evaluators and the target population considered that the video is a valid instrument to teach content about the nurse-patient communication strategies.

Involving Children with Visual Impairments in the Educational Process During English Language Lessons in an Inclusive Classroom

In this article, we would like to explore the most relevant and accessible educational resources available today, as well as methods and forms of organizing an inclusive learning environment for working with visually impaired and blind children in English language lessons. We will consider several important aspects of teaching that need to be taken into account when working in an inclusive classroom and present a lesson model based on audio-lingual and communicative teaching methods. The article also provides examples of assignments for in-class and extracurricular work using various components of the universal access system and educational applications, which will assist children with visual impairments and serve as a valuable supplementary resource for teachers.

OER as a certain solution for uncertain times: A reflection on the initiatives undertaken in Morocco during the covid-19 period

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a high degree of uncertainty about the state of education. During this critical period, the entire educational landscape was in need of relevant educational resources that could be shared between and within educational networks. In this regard, open educational resources (OER) and open educational practices (OEP) have played an important role in ensuring educational continuity. Research has shown that open approaches will help make the higher education ecosystem more resilient to future crises and the sustainability of this ecosystem can be fueled by the widespread use of OER and OEP. However, additional work is still needed in this area either at the personal, organizational, or institutional level. In this paper, we discuss the potential of OER and OEP, as certain solutions, to improve quality and widen access in uncertain times such as the COVID-19 crisis, we also present an analysis from an OER perspective of the initiatives undertaken at the Cadi Ayyad University (UCA) in Morocco as example in order to assess the extent to which they can be considered as OER. On the other hand, we highlight the benefits of this experience, as well as identify the barriers that hinder the adoption of open solutions in order to propose some recommendations and guidelines to foster the implementation of these solutions.