Relevant Case Examples Research Articles

Urologists and social media: pitfalls and perils and what to think about before hitting 'send'.

To summarise current guidelines from professional bodies relevant to urologists on social media, and to discusses a range of risks associated with social media use. These include the risk of a fitness to practise investigation, breaking the law, loss of employment, and personal risk in the form of harassment and doxxing. Review of guidelines and recommendations published by professional bodies revelant to urologists and review of relevant case examples in the medical profession and other relevant professions. This article finds whereas most doctors will be aware of the risks of posting on public social media platforms, the recent case studies in medical and other contexts have highlighted the risks of disciplinary action from regulators and even criminal investigation in the use of private social media. Although the majority of urologists are unlikely to violate ethical and good medical practice principles in their use of social media, this article serves as a reminder of the potential consequences based on real-life case examples.

Ineffectiveness of the Issuance of Investigation Orders After Examining the Reporter in the Investigation Process at the Indonesian National Police

This study examines the ineffectiveness of issuing Investigation Orders (Surat Perintah Penyidikan or Sprindik) following complainant examinations in Indonesia’s law enforcement process, contributing to case backlogs. Using a normative juridical method, the research analyzes legal regulations, administrative procedures, and relevant case examples. A statutory approach involving legal reviews and a conceptual approach exploring legal accountability and procedural justice principles were applied. Key findings reveal that high investigator workloads, inadequate training, and administrative mismanagement hinder effective Sprindik issuance. A lack of standardized protocols for evaluating initial evidence leads to premature suspect designations, causing judicial delays. Limited use of investigative technologies and procedural misunderstandings further exacerbate inefficiencies. To address these issues, the study recommends revising police regulations to standardize evidence evaluation, expanding investigator training, streamlining administrative processes, and adopting digital case management systems. An oversight mechanism should be established to monitor Sprindik issuance, ensuring greater accountability and transparency. These reforms aim to modernize investigative procedures, reduce case backlogs, and promote fairer, more efficient law enforcement practices. The study’s integrated approach combines legal analysis with policy solutions, offering a roadmap for sustainable improvements in criminal investigation management.

Consumer Adoption and Perception of Electric Vehicles

The ever-increasing need for environmentally friendly modes of transportation is the primary force behind the tremendous transition that the global automobile industry is currently undergoing. Electric cars, often known as EVs, have emerged as a potentially useful alternative to conventional automobiles powered by internal combustion engines. These vehicles offer a positive impact on the environment as well as technical developments. For policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers who are interested in accelerating the transition to a low-carbon transportation system, it is crucial to have a solid understanding of how consumers embrace electric vehicles and how they perceive them. A detailed study of consumer acceptance and perception of electric vehicles (EVs) is presented in this research article. The analysis is based on a review of relevant literature, empirical investigations, and case examples. Several key aspects that influence customer decision-making regarding the adoption of electric vehicles are investigated. These elements include environmental consciousness, government incentives, technical improvements, cost of ownership, availability of charging infrastructure, driving experience, and perception of the brand (brand perception).

The role of hearing and listening in hypnotic responsiveness

ABSTRACT The hypnosis literature emphasizes features of suggestion, induction, and communication that are described as evoking heightened responsiveness on the part of the subject or client. This article explores what is often overlooked: to have an effect, the subject must not only hear the suggestion but listen to it. The process of listening is described across multiple levels ranging from the acoustic signal to its transduction into a meaning-filled and motivationally enriched message that spurs action. That journey traverses challenging terrain, with numerous obstacles that serve to maintain past habits and response patterns, despite a client’s stated desire for adaptive change. The article highlights those obstacles and then provides descriptions of five language structures that can reach the client consciously or non-consciously, but always in ways that increase the odds that the therapeutic messaging is packaged in a manner that optimizes it being “heard,” absorbed, and enacted. Applications of each language structure are provided using relevant clinical case examples.

Socialization of Introduction to Food Additives and Their Impact on Health for Students of Private High School Harapan 3

The increase in processed food consumption has led to an increase in the use of food additives. However, public understanding of food additives and their health impacts remains minimal, especially among high school students. Private High School Harapan 3 is one such private school located in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, bordering the city of Medan, which has garnered attention due to the high number of students consuming food or snacks containing additives without knowing the negative effects of excessive consumption. This forms the basis for the need to conduct awareness activities at the school. Therefore, this community service activity aims to provide a better understanding to students as participants about food additives and their negative health effects. The implementation method of this activity consists of several stages. Firstly, the preparation of interesting and easily understandable counseling materials, covering the introduction of additives, their types, and their health impacts. Secondly, direct counseling conducted by lecturers from various disciplines interactively by providing relevant case examples. Thirdly, group discussions to deepen understanding and resolve participants' doubts. Fourthly, a question and answer session. The results of this activity show an improvement in participants' understanding, evident from their enthusiasm in asking questions because they realize the importance of choosing healthy foods and avoiding those with excessive additives. Group discussions help them understand information more deeply, while the question and answer session provides an opportunity to clarify doubts. Through this activity, we have successfully increased participants' understanding of food additives and their health impacts. Thus, participants are expected to apply this knowledge in their daily lives as smart and responsible consumers when choosing food.

Three-Dimensional MRI of Foot and Ankle: Current Perspectives and Advantages Over 2D MRI

The foot and ankle region, distinguished by its complex and intricate anatomy, is frequently susceptible to injuries, particularly in the context of sports-related activities and fall-related trauma. This article reviews the literature with respect to 3-Dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of foot and ankle. Technical considerations and imaging and interpretation-related advantages and pitfalls will be discussed with relevant case examples. 3D MRI is advantageous over 2-Dimensional (2D) MRI in producing higher spatial resolution in a short duration of time with less partial volume artifacts and in creating structure-specific imaging using multiplanar and curved planar reconstructions. The reader will be able to apply such principles in their practice in obtaining higher-resolution volume imaging of ankle and foot with respect to ligaments, tendons, articular cartilage, plantar fascia, plantar plate, and peripheral nerves for the benefit of their patients and referring physicians.

Kinase Inhibitors FDA Approved 2018-2023: Drug Targets, Metabolic Pathways, and Drug-Induced Toxicities.

Small molecule kinase inhibitors are one of the fastest growing classes of drugs, which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cancer and noncancer indications. As of September 2023, there were over 70 FDA-approved small molecule kinase inhibitors on the market, 42 of which were approved in the past five years (2018-2023). This minireview discusses recent advances in our understanding of the pharmacology, metabolism, and toxicity profiles of recently approved kinase inhibitors with a central focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this minireview we discuss the most common therapeutic indications and molecular target(s) of kinase inhibitors FDA approved 2018-2023. We also describe unique aspects of the metabolism, bioactivation, and drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of kinase inhibitors; discuss drug toxicity concerns related to kinase inhibitors, such as drug-induced liver injury; and highlight clinical outcomes and challenges relevant to TKI therapy. Case examples are provided for common TKI targets, metabolism pathways, DDI potential, and risks for serious adverse drug reactions. The minireview concludes with a discussion of perspectives on future research to optimize TKI therapy to maximize efficacy and minimize drug toxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This minireview highlights important aspects of the clinical pharmacology and toxicology of small molecule kinase inhibitors FDA approved 2018-2023. We describe key advances in the therapeutic indications and molecular targets of TKIs. The major metabolism pathways and toxicity profiles of recently approved TKIs are discussed. Clinically relevant case examples are provided that demonstrate the risk for hepatotoxic drug interactions involving TKIs and coadministered drugs.

The Effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Pedagogy and Student Learning Outcome in Higher Education

Pedagogical strategies and student learning outcomes have undergone a fundamental transformation because of higher education implementing information and communication technology (ICT). This research paper explores the varied impact of ICT on pedagogy and its correlation with student learning outcomes in higher education institutions. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, empirical studies, and case examples, this study examines the ways in which ICT has reshaped traditional teaching methods and influenced student achievement. The paper begins by investigating the adoption of digital learning platforms, blended learning models, and online assessment tools in higher education settings. It delves into the role of ICT in facilitating personalized and interactive learning experiences, promoting student engagement, and fostering critical thinking skills. This work adds to the current conversation on how higher education is changing in the digital age and provides useful suggestions for instructors, administrators, and legislators who want to maximise the use of ICT in the classroom.

Development of Learning Materials for Nonformal Educational Leadership with Gender-Responsive Values

This study aims to present the results of a content analysis of gender-responsive values that have been incorporated into non-formal education leadership courses. These courses play a crucial role in preparing prospective non-formal education leaders who are gender-aware and capable of addressing gender-related challenges in educational contexts. The Non-formal Education Leadership course is a vital component in nurturing high-quality leaders in the field of non-formal education. Integrating gender-responsive values into the curriculum of this course is of paramount importance to achieve inclusive and sustainable leadership. The study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing document analysis to examine the syllabus, teaching materials, and teaching methods of non-formal education leadership course documents. The research focuses on developing gender-responsive content values within non-formal education leadership teaching materials, including understanding gender roles in leadership, promoting gender equality in education, dismantling gender stereotypes, and empowering women within the educational context. The study's findings demonstrate that gender-responsive values are thoughtfully integrated into the non-formal education leadership course, aligning with the course's competency objectives and emphasizing the importance of diversity. The syllabus, structured around teaching materials, addresses gender issues in educational leadership and provides relevant case examples. The teaching methods employed facilitate open discussions and reflections on gender matters, encouraging students to adopt inclusive and gender-sensitive perspectives. Moreover, the study highlights efforts made to promote women's participation and empowerment within the context of educational leadership. The non-formal education leadership courses effectively incorporate gender-responsive values that are relevant and significant. Successful implementation of these values will contribute to fostering more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable educational leadership. Keywords: Leadership, Non-formal Education, Gender Responsive.

Self-formulation in counselling psychology: The Power Threat Meaning Framework

This reflective report critically evaluates my developing professional identity as a counseling psychologist. Using the Power Threat Meaning Framework, I present a self-formulation to make sense of my experiences during the second stage of my training. To begin with, I consider how multiple forms of power were operating in the complex relationship between personal and professional spheres. As I appraise my professional development, I examine the threats posed by the negative use of power and the resulting challenges within my practice. Drawing from research, psychological theories, and relevant case examples, I explore the meaning I attached to my experiences while managing complex problems and professional issues. In my endeavor to act according to ethical and professional guidelines, I consider my threat responses to preserve my functioning within program learning and professional practice. By appreciating my access to power resources, I demonstrate my willingness and ability to engage with feedback and reflexivity as personal strengths that helped me navigate my ongoing training. Therefore, I integrate professional and ethical perspectives in the “meaning-making” of my development as a trainee counseling psychologist.

Advanced (photo)electrocatalytic approaches to substitute the use of fossil fuels in chemical production.

Electrification of the chemical industry for carbon-neutral production requires innovative (photo)electrocatalysis. This study highlights the contribution and discusses recent research projects in this area, which are relevant case examples to explore new directions but characterised by a little background research effort. It is organised into two main sections, where selected examples of innovative directions for electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis are presented. The areas discussed include (i) new approaches to green energy or H2 vectors, (ii) the production of fertilisers directly from the air, (iii) the decoupling of the anodic and cathodic reactions in electrocatalytic or photoelectrocatalytic devices, (iv) the possibilities given by tandem/paired reactions in electrocatalytic devices, including the possibility to form the same product on both cathodic and anodic sides to "double" the efficiency, and (v) exploiting electrocatalytic cells to produce green H2 from biomass. The examples offer hits to expand current areas in electrocatalysis to accelerate the transformation to fossil-free chemical production.

Mean-preserving interpolation with splines for solar radiation modeling

Interpolation is a fundamental process in solar resource assessment that glues consecutive components of the modeling chain. Most interpolation techniques assume that the interpolating function must go through the interpolation points. However, this assumption does not fit with averaged datasets or variables that must be conserved across interpolation. Here I present a mean-preserving splines method for interpolating one-dimensional data that conserves the interpolated field and is appropriate for averaged datasets. It uses second-order polynomial splines to minimize the fluctuations of the interpolated field, restricts the interpolation results to user-provided limits to prevent unphysical values, deals with periodic boundary conditions in the interpolated field, and can work with non-uniform averaging grids. The validity and performance of the method are illustrated against regular second- and third-order splines using relevant case examples in the solar resource assessment realm.

Navigating Political Disagreement in Social Work: An Analysis of Past Literature, Ethical Guidance, and Case Examples

Political advocacy is a core tenet of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. As a profes-sion, social work has the responsibility to remain aware of trends that threaten the well- being of diverse populations. Th e historic connection between oppression and policy is undeniable, and the standards and principles in the Code of Ethics require social workers to intervene and be aware of political trends. However, at times, social workers’ political views may not refl ect the clients’ views. Navigating situations in which a client expresses political content with the social worker requires careful consideration and improvements in the available guidance. Prior literature addresses the political confl ict in Israel, Palestine, and Northern Ireland during times of extreme tension in those cultures. Yet, stark contrasts between the United States and those cultures exist, thus justifying the need for specifi c guidance for U.S. social workers. Currently, the state of society and social work in the United States requires social workers to dedicate increased attentiveness to these types of situations. As such, the connection between social work and political action is undeniable and worthy of further investigation. To do so, two relevant case examples from a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) will be assessed in which guidance from the NASW Code of Ethics, existing approaches, and prior literature will be applied. Th e evaluation of these case examples is intended to inform the decisions of other U.S.- based social workers confronting political disagreement with clients in direct practice work.

Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Key biases arising in pharmacoepidemiologic studies.

Pharmacoepidemiology has an increasingly important role in informing and improving clinical practice, drug regulation, and health policy. Therefore, unrecognized biases in pharmacoepidemiologic studies can have major implications when study findings are translated to the real world. We propose a simple taxonomy for researchers to use as a starting point when thinking through some of the most pervasive biases in pharmacoepidemiology. We organize this discussion according to biases best assessed with respect to the study population (including confounding by indication, channeling bias, healthy user bias, and protopathic bias), the study design (including prevalent user bias and immortal time bias), and the data source (including misclassification bias and missing data/loss to follow up). This tutorial defines, provides a curated list of recommended references, and illustrates through relevant case examples these key biases to consider when planning, conducting, or evaluating pharmacoepidemiologic studies.

The Middle Meningeal Artery: Branches, Dangerous Anastomoses, and Implications in Neurosurgery and Neuroendovascular Surgery

The middle meningeal artery (MMA) has always been the workhorse corridor for devascularization of dural-based intracranial lesions and, more recently, has been established as a target for the endovascular management of chronic subdural hematomas. The MMA anatomy is complex and deceitful, and its territory of irrigation (including cranial nerves) is poorly understood. Furthermore, MMA variations and anastomoses are more frequent than expected, which may predispose to procedure-related morbidity. A literature search was conducted in electronic databases per PRISMA guidelines for studies describing normal and abnormal MMA anatomy including variations in MMA origin and dangerous anastomoses. Our institutional case series of greater than 100 MMA embolizations for management of chronic subdural hematomas were reviewed for abnormal MMA anatomy, and clinically relevant case examples are presented. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the MMA to provide a better understanding and appreciation of this artery, including pearls and pitfalls, that we hope will aid the neurosurgeon and neurointerventionalist in safely tackling these lesions.

Repeated terminations: Transferring therapists in psychotherapy.

Therapists engage in transfers-a specific type of termination-with clients who will be continuing treatment with new therapists after they depart. Consequently, new therapists begin treatments in the shadow of the loss of outgoing therapist. These transfer experiences frequently occur in yearlong training settings, where therapists-in-training encounter some of their first therapy experiences and subsequently move on to other training settings or graduation. Transfers also occur in clinical settings when therapists retire, become ill, or need to end the treatment prematurely. In this article, the authors address transfer terminations using attachment theory and the literature applying attachment theory to psychotherapy. The authors incorporate relevant literature, research, and case examples that highlight how therapists can best address these losses and transitions in treatment. This article concludes by offering recommendations for supervisors of students in training settings and detailing some of the unique benefits for clients who experience multiple transfer terminations in treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Big Science Collaborations; Lessons for Global Governance and Leadership

AbstractBig Science communities have been remarkably effective in evolving complex processes and mechanisms to enable international collaborations. Major powers such as the People's Republic of China, Russia and the USA, who are fierce rivals in other domains, form lasting alliances. Three of the most relevant case examples are the Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) community, the International Thermonuclear Experiential Reactor (ITER) nuclear fusion project community and the International Space Station (ISS) community. Beyond Gridlock theory identifies eight pathways through and beyond gridlock and their mechanisms. It is through the combination of these pathways that international collaborations can be initiated, maintained and delivered. Extensive field work in each of the three case study communities reveal winning combinations of pathways for Big Science collaborations. Shifts in major powers’ core interests and multiple, diverse organisations and institutions coalescing around common goals emerge as the two core pathways. They are supported in their implementation by two enabling pathways: innovative leadership and innovative funding. The relationship between all four provides clues on mechanisms that can be used to good effect in other international relations domains that are caught up in the debilitating global gridlock phenomenon.

Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines in the Health Care Setting: A Concept Analysis.

The literature is replete with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and evidence supporting them. Translating guidelines into practice, however, is often challenging. We conducted a concept analysis to define the concept of "implementation of CPGs in health care settings." We utilized Walker and Avant's methodology to define the concept of "implementation of CPGs in health care settings." This included a focused review of the literature, defining the relevant attributes, defining implementation, case examples, and antecedents and potential consequences from implementation of CPGs in health care settings. The concept "implementation" is complex, with numerous frameworks, facilitators, and barriers to implementation described in the literature. The existing literature supports our definition of implementation of CPGs in a health care setting as a process of changing practice in health care while utilizing the best level of evidence that is available in the published literature. These include 7 attributes necessary for effective implementation. Implementation of CPGs in health care settings requires an ongoing iterative process that considers these attributes and is inclusive to administrators, clinicians, and patients to ensure guidelines are understood, accepted, implemented, and evaluated for continued adoption of best practices. Ongoing efforts inclusive at all steps of implementation across multiple levels are needed to effectively change practice.

New concepts of radiologic preoperative evaluation of anterior shoulder instability: on-track and off-track lesions.

The shoulder is the most frequently dislocated joint in the body due to a larger range of motion and a small area of articulation between the humeral and glenoid surfaces. Traumatic shoulder dislocations, especially those associated with injury to the labroligamentous or bony stabilizers of the joint, lead to further reduction of articular surface contact with resultant glenohumeral instability and recurrent shoulder dislocations. Imaging plays an increasingly important role in the preoperative evaluation of patients with traumatic shoulder instability by evaluating glenohumeral bone loss (uni- or bipolar), assessing soft tissue injuries and identifying patients at risk of postoperative recurrence. Quantification of bone loss is key to differentiate engaging vs. non-engaging Hill-Sachs lesions, while newer concepts of "on-track" vs. "off-track" lesions are being discussed that can determine the required surgical approaches. In this article, we review the preoperative imaging approaches, traditional treatments, outline the bone loss measurement strategies and review these new tracking concepts with relevant case examples.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Nonneoplastic Musculoskeletal Pathologies in the Pelvis

Musculoskeletal pathologies in the pelvis encompass a wide variety of lesions including femoroacetabular impingement, athletic pubalgia, ischiofemoral impingement, and apophyseal avulsion injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging is the noninvasive imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis and management of these lesions. In this article, the authors discuss the nonneoplastic musculoskeletal lesions in the pelvis, with illustrations and relevant case examples.