Release Of Grains Research Articles

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ КАЧЕСТВА ТРИЕРНОЙ ОЧИСТКИ ЗЕРНА С РЕЖИМАМИ РАБОТЫ И НАСТРОЕЧНЫМИ ПАРАМЕТРАМИ

The possibilities of reducing residual grain contamination and technological losses were investigated. The relationships between the qualitative indicators of the trier's operation and the speed of rotation of the cylinder, the parameters of the circulating segment and the setting of the output tray during the experiment with interval evaluation were established. The studies were carried out using a cyclic stand, which ensures the replacement of the traditional spatial physical model with a temporary one and a radical increase in the effectiveness of the experiment. The nature of the change in the process over time and the length of the cellular cylinder, which can be divided into three characteristic sections, has been established. In the first section, the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop increases linearly for all values of the mass of the circulating segment. It was found that the higher the mass of the circulating segment, the lower the initial value of the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop due to the predominance of the dynamic “eating” effect, and the period of stabilization of the process is longer. In the second section, the maximum value of the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop is achieved with circulation in the segment of 4 - 5 layers of grain and the predominance of the effect of inertial retention of the contacting layer. In the third section, the intensity of the release of grains of the main crop decreases parabolically identically for all mass values of the circulating segment at a given rotation frequency of the mesh cylinder and the angular position of the output tray. It has been established that when the rotation speed increases to 35 rpm, the initial contamination of the grain mixture has virtually no effect on the degree of release. The regulated level of technological losses of less than 5% at a tray installation angle of 40° is ensured by a high-speed operating mode of 40 rpm. The intensity of the emission of impurity particles into the output tray is proportional to the initial contamination of the grain mixture and the time of movement of the segment along the mesh cylinder. With an increase in the installation angle of the output tray in the range of 20° - 40°, the intensity of the emission of impurity particles decreases by 3.8 - 5.0 times.

Productivity of grain crop rotations in the landscape conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

Increasing the yield of the most profitable field crops and their placement in crop rotations is an urgent problem of agriculture. The purpose of the studies is to study the productivity of grain crop rotations with various saturation of winter wheat on various power backgrounds and landscape taxons in the zone of unstable moisturizing of the Stavropol Territory. Productivity of grain crop rotations depends on the developing weather conditions, the introduction of mineral fertilizers, saturation of crop rotations with winter wheat and location in the relief. The maximum yield of grain units was observed in crop rotations with winter crops. In crop rotation with a spring barley, they were collected by 3.5–4.2 с less. The use of fertilizers increased the collection of grain units on average by 4.9–6.1 c/ha. On the outskirts of the placard (A1) due to lower soil fertility the minimum collection of grain units was obtained (20.2 с). On average (A2) and lower (A3) slopes their fee increased by 11.7 c, or 57.9%, and by 14.5 c, or 71.8%. In the first crop rotation with 60% saturation of winter wheat the maximum yield of the grain of this culture was obtained. In the second and third crop rotation with 40% grain saturation wasassembled by 6.2–6.3 c less. Putting fertilizers in a dose of N40P40K40 increased the grain collection in the first crop rotation by 4.1, in the second — by 2.2 and in the third — by2.4 c, and according to taxons: on A1 — by1.4,on A2 — by3.6 and onA3 — by 3.8 c. According to the landscape taxons, the release of grain of winter wheat differed at 7.9–10.2 c with the maximum value on the lower slope. Upon the exit of the grain and feed units on all power backgrounds, 1st and 3rd crop turns were leading, and in the exit of the grain of winter wheat — crop rotation with 3 fields of winter wheat.

Technique for controlling the release of grain from the silos of the elevator

The article explains the principle of operation of the new system of remote fi xation of grain movement (RFGM) in the silos of the elevator, created and tested in action at OOO (LLC) Ryazanelevator. The results of the work of a prototype of the RFGM system in the elevator silos are presented and the possibility of its use to control the release of grain from the elevator silos is shown.

Calculation of the movement trajectory of the grain mass in the field stripper

The work is devoted to the study of the dynamics of the grain mass in a field stripper for grain separation. At the first stage, a model of the movement of the air mass in the considered installation is built and based on a mathematical model that takes into account the turbulence of the movement of the air mass, using the method of finite volumes in the ANSYS package, the field of velocities and pressures is calculated. At the second stage, the movement of a fragment of the grain mass in this flow is considered, its trajectory is built taking into account the interaction with the upper deck of the installation. The performed calculations allow us to choose rational geometric and kinematic parameters at which no stagnant zones appear in the chamber, the grain mass interacts with the upper one, which contributes to the release of grain in the installation chamber.

A STUDY ON HISTORY AND TRANSFORMATION OF NAGAYAMON GATES WHICH HAVE ROOMS FOR DWELLING AND STORAGE IN FARM VILLAGES

The present study focuses on “Nagayamon” gates, one format of constituent buildings in a rural estate, with the aim of clarifying their origins and inheritance processes to date. Nagayamon gates remain in large numbers in rural parts of the Kanto region, but the gates, as items of cultural property, have been regarded as appendages to main houses, and therefore, no statistical data and few records are available on them. Our study shows that Nagayamon gates in rural areas first emerged in the first half of the 18th century, with village heads and other well-off farmers building them under the reign of feudal lords. The abundance of Nagayamon gates in central Ibaraki Prefecture can be attributed to factors of the ruling structure, whereby frequent relocations of lords toward the end of the feudal age split up their domains and increased the number of “aikyu” villages that were divided between different lords. Our case study shows about 40 percent of Nagayamon gates were built during the feudal age, with many of them located in aikyu and other villages where more than one ruler reigned, as well as in smaller feudal domains. Historical documents and oral tradition indicate that rulers used Nagayamon as a means of domain administration, such as by issuing Nagayamon construction permits in exchange for cash or labor, and by allowing farmers with reserves to build Nagayamon at times of famine in exchange for their release of grain from their reserves. More than half of all Nagayamon gates were built in the Meiji Era or later. They adopted a symbolic quality that had originated in the Edo Period, and they were popular among well-off and non-collateral families, or families of about the same social standing as those that had built Nagayamon during the Edo Period. The fact that they were introduced as symbolic objects is demonstrated by the less practical choice of their distances from the main house, orientations, building materials and other attributes than in a reference village on an island; their layouts that take account of the street-facing side of the estate; and the different wall finishes used on the front and back faces. Use of Nagayamon has been centered on accommodating retired members of the family well into the postwar period, but it has also complemented community demands by drawing on their spatial separation from the main houses, such as by allowing third parties to occupy them or providing venues for public activity. But disuse rose sharply and has hovered around 40 percent since around 1980, with their owners leaving the farming business, their children moving out, and new houses being built to accommodate retired family members. Conversion of functions to use Nagayamon gates as galleries, shops or other establishments by drawing on their characteristic locations has so far been rare. While new Nagayamon gates have seldom been built in recent years, existing ones have been renewed or maintained by total replacement, partial rebuilding or repairs. Interviews with their owners indicated they are highly motivated to pass on the items of heritage. Despite changes in roof materials and extensions, Nagayamon gates still observe a certain format, so they are recognized as a constituent element of community landscape, and their continued inheritance is desired by third parties as well.

Evaluation of work quality of the green peas harvester Ploeger EPD 490

Machines for harvesting vegetable must reliably collect the given type of vegetables at various climatic conditions, and with adequate performance, quality and low losses. Machines for harvesting of green peas must be sufficiently reliable and handling must be simple. The criteria of their work are based on harvested product quality, and the size of losses incurred depends on the rate of release of pods from the plants and on the release of grains from pods. The size of loss of grain and pods in the field and grain damages in the storage tank is directly proportional to the appropriately selected operating mode of the machine. Resistance to the damage of grain can be partly affected by selecting varieties with appropriate physical and mechanical properties and by choosing appropriate operating speed of the collector of green peas. Experimental measurements were carried out in the cooperative farm Zemné, Slovak Republic, within a conventional tillage technology, which has suitable conditions for the cultivation of this commodity. The subject of research was green peas Ploeger EPD 490.  

An Original Method for the Evaluation of in Vivo Controlled Release of the Ceramic Materials

In recent years, the use of ceramic materials in orthopaedics and dentistry is becoming increasingly popular. However, it is important to know their biological and mechanical properties to optimize their use. The aim of this study is to describe a specific method to assess in vivo the effects of chronic release of ceramic materials implanted, in relation also to the type of material, pellets or powders. This was achieved by implanting ceramic powders and pellets, formed by low cohesion grains, in the patellar tendon of 48 New Zealand adult rabbits (24 with powders and 24 with pellets). The motion of the joint allowed easily and progressively the release of grains, detached from surface of the pellets and released to the joint space. Animals were sacrificed at different intervals (1, 3, 6, 12 months). Retrieved knee joints underwent X-Ray, histological and ultrastructural analysis.

Generation Process of Cutting-Edge Distribution on Grinding Wheel with Single-Point Diamond Dressing

The grinding should be improved to be the skill-free process executed based on the quantified criteria. In this study, the evaluation methods are applied to evaluate the dressing process to clarify how the dressing changes the cutting-edge distribution. From the results, the following facts have been clarified: There is the critical value of the depth of cut for suppressing the release of grain. The spark-out in dressing releases grains damaged by collision with dresser, and then, it also increases the cutting-edge density.

Gemini-N mid-IR observations of the dust properties of the ejecta excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact

We present mid-infrared spectra and images from the Gemini-N (+MICHELLE) observational campaign of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before, during, and after its encounter with Deep Impact. We use our thermal grain model to probe the 10 μm properties of the dust grains in the coma of the comet. Before impact (3 July 2005 UT), and more than 24 h after impact (5, 16, and 28 July 2005 UT), the comet dust grains were composed mostly of amorphous olivine, and were relatively large (peak of the grain size distribution a p = 0.7 – 1.5 μm ). For the night of impact, we extract spectra by centering on the nucleus, and offset 1″ from the nucleus in the direction of the impact ejecta plume. We find small dust grains (∼0.2 μm) of a diverse mineralogy (amorphous olivine, amorphous pyroxene, amorphous carbon, and crystalline olivine) populating the ejecta. The submicron sized dust grains move faster than the other, larger grains (≳0.7 μm), with amorphous olivine and amorphous carbon traveling together, and amorphous pyroxene and crystalline olivine dispersing at a similar rate. Deriving a velocity law from a time-of-flight analysis, we find that the material traveled with a velocity law scaled by v 0.2 μ m = 220 ± 20 m s −1 and with a power of p = 0.5 . This velocity power-law requires a sustained release of grains for the duration of 45–60 min after impact. Since the mineral species are traveling at different speeds, and there was a sustained release of grains due to a possible “gas-plume,” we conclude that the different minerals did not originate from grain aggregates destroyed by the impact, but instead arise from an inhomogeneous nucleus.

Gemini-N mid-IR observations of the dust properties of the ejecta excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact

We present mid-infrared spectra and images from the Gemini-N (+MICHELLE) observational campaign of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before, during, and after its encounter with Deep Impact. We use our thermal grain model to probe the 10 μm properties of the dust grains in the coma of the comet. Before impact (3 July 2005 UT), and more than 24 h after impact (5, 16, and 28 July 2005 UT), the comet dust grains were composed mostly of amorphous olivine, and were relatively large (peak of the grain size distribution a p = 0.7 – 1.5 μm ). For the night of impact, we extract spectra by centering on the nucleus, and offset 1″ from the nucleus in the direction of the impact ejecta plume. We find small dust grains (∼0.2 μm) of a diverse mineralogy (amorphous olivine, amorphous pyroxene, amorphous carbon, and crystalline olivine) populating the ejecta. The submicron sized dust grains move faster than the other, larger grains (≳0.7 μm), with amorphous olivine and amorphous carbon traveling together, and amorphous pyroxene and crystalline olivine dispersing at a similar rate. Deriving a velocity law from a time-of-flight analysis, we find that the material traveled with a velocity law scaled by v 0.2 μ m = 220 ± 20 m s −1 and with a power of p = 0.5 . This velocity power-law requires a sustained release of grains for the duration of 45–60 min after impact. Since the mineral species are traveling at different speeds, and there was a sustained release of grains due to a possible “gas-plume,” we conclude that the different minerals did not originate from grain aggregates destroyed by the impact, but instead arise from an inhomogeneous nucleus.

Grain abundance in the primordial atmosphere of the Earth

For models of planetary accumulation in the presence of solar nebular gas, the initial surface temperature of the Earth is controlled by the grain opacity of the atmosphere. The surface temperature in turn controls the quantity of neon dissolved and trapped within the interior of the Earth. To compare accumulation theory with observation calculations have been made of the grain opacity expected to be associated with accumulation in a gaseous nebula. There are two parameters that are in principle determined by the theory, but actually are at present uncertain: the mean eccentricity e of the planetesimal swarm, and the fraction ξ of the accretional energy that is expended in the release of grains into the atmosphere by ablation of the incoming planetesimal. It is found that if the eccentricity of swarm is low (10 −3), rather low values of ξ(10 −5) are required to match the observed neon data. In contrast higher values of ξ are required (10 −1) for the most probable case, intermediate eccentricity (10 −2). For the high eccentricity case ( e ∼ 0.1) ξ must be >10 −2. The results show that avoidance of excess trapped neon of solar composition places restrictive, but not necessarily impossible, conditions on the parameters of the accumulation theory.

Minimum energy required for release of grain from ear

The minimum energy required for the release of a grain from the ear is defined, and a method for its determination is described. The value of the minimum energy required for the release of 1 kg of grain for wheat and rye is estimated. The concept of ideal threshing and the quantity of energetic efficiency of threshing are proposed.

メタノレボンド・ダイヤモンド砥石の目直し

In view of the importance in dressing a metal bonded diamond wheel for obtaining high reproducibility in grinding ceramics, grinding force, number and height of cutting edges in grains and redress life being pursued, the following results are obtained : (1) Comparing the method 'GVS' that a GC stick is ground with a diamond wheel and the method 'GF', where cutting edges on diamond grains are produced by scratching using a GC wheel, with the method 'GM', the latter is more effective in producing cutting edges through microfractur-ing, because of the driving of both the wheels in the opposite direction under a similar peripheral speed. (2) Many effective cutting edges are obtained from the condition that the grain size of a dressing wheel is finer than that of a diamond wheel. (3) Height of cutting edges on grains is one-tenth to one-twentieth of a diamond grain diameter, leading to the rare release of grains. (4) Effectively acting graing are 10 to 25% of the whole grains along a wheel width in cm2, and their number is greatest in the method 'GM', (5) A coarser dressing wheel is better for redress life, but worse for the number of cutting edges.