Relay Translation Research Articles

Nonlinear Narratives: Paths of Indirect and Relay Translation

Following Dollerup’s (2000) classification of indirect and relay translation (here “T2”), this study locates both practices as translation taboos disparaged or tolerated depending upon cultural variables, shows its codification in translation organizations, and traces part of its aura of substandard practice to the doctrine of untranslatability; compiles the main reasons the phenomena have occurred, including extralinguistic factors; outlines some subclasses in a typology of ‘second-hand’ or intermediate translations (factoring in abridgements, adaptations, modernizations, lost originals, pseudotranslations, self-translations, triangulations, and transcreations); proposes ‘translative’ and ‘terminal’ relay, and overt and covert possibilities within retranslation, interlinear translation, plagiarism by translation, and support translation; considers the special case of sacred texts; and weighs new and future directions for study. The key factors of oral intermediation (the role of informants and collaborative translation) and the ‘intuiting’ of source languages without a working knowledge of them are brought into the equation. The work attempts to contribute a descriptive study to an area of research that has attracted visceral rejections of anything but source-to-target direct translation without such studies making allowances for the socio-historical conditions of production surrounding intermediary translation.

Themes of Invention, Help, and Will: Joachim Campe's Robinson der Jüngere in Tagalog and Bahasa Melayu Translations

IntroductionThis paper presents a preliminary comparative of the of Joachim Heinrich Campe's pedagogical work Robinson der Jungere (RDJ) into Malay-Hikayat Robinson Crusoe (HRC)-and Tagalog-Ang Bagong Robinson (ABR). Given the strong economic themes present in these works, and in Robinsonades in general, the shall be done from the point of view of the translation of political-economic concepts. Doris Jedamski explains why these types of translation analyses have not until recently been given the attention they deserve, despite their obvious advantages:. . . indigenous and adaptations of Western novels and their impact in colonial societies have so far found little scholarly attention. A possible explanation for this negligence is the general misapprehension that and adaptations are no more than the reproduction of European cultural products in indigenous languages, without the into cultural transformation that are present in novels by colonial subjects. (Jedamski 2002, 45)Since this study is partly intended to provide insights into cultural transformations by means of translation analysis, it does not aim to assess or measure fidelity or translational accuracy. Rather, it seeks to compare the systems and discursive elements informing the three texts in question. Its aim is to make use of the contrastive resources that the techniques of translation bring in order to probe into the specificity of discursive elements and histories in the respective texts being analyzed. Given this objective, the fact that HRC and ABR are relay translations of the original German text, from Dutch and Spanish respectively, can be considered a secondary problem in the context of the overall study. The will be read on their own terms with respect to their distinctive discursive characteristics. It is undeniable that as far as the receptor cultures and reading publics who are without access to the original language of the source text are concerned, these are, for all intents and purposes, stand-alone works. However, as much as possible some of the mediating will be consulted in order to refine the and establish the origin of some major textual differences. It should be emphasized in advance that this paper is not a study in linguistics but rather an exercise in attempting to combine what has been called discourse analysis and conceptual history.Text 1: Robinson der JungereDaniel Defoe's (1660-1731) novel with the full title The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pirates. Written by Himself, otherwise more briefly known as The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe or even just Robinson Crusoe, was first published in 1719 and is considered to be the first English novel. Due to its great success among the reading publics of Europe, it also became one of the most well-known and widely translated works in world literature.The mythos of Crusoe attained such a degree of popularity in eighteenth-century Germany that the term Robinsonade, referring to a distinct literary genre, was coined by the writer Johann Gottfried Schnabel (1692-1758) as early as 1731 to refer to works sharing similar themes and premises (Schnabel 1994). An enormous amount of critical and scholarly material on German literary Robinsonades accumulated up to the end of the twentieth century (Wegehaupt 1991; Stach 1996). Among the eighteenth-century German Robinsonades, the most popular and most successful on a Europe-wide scale was a two-volume educational work by the Enlightenment pedagogue Joachim Heinrich Campe (1746-1818) titled Robinson der Jungere: Zur angenehmen und nutzlichen Unterhaltung fur Kinder (The new Robinson: Agreeable and useful entertainment for children, 1779-80) (see Fig. …

Imagined, Transcultural, and Colonial Spaces in Print: Newspaper Serialization of Translated Novels in Colonial Korea

Abstract This essay analyzes the Korean ‘relay translation’ of a Japanese adaptation of an English popular novel, entitled Chŏngbuwŏn (A virtuous woman’s resentment) in Korean, which was serialized in a daily newspaper in the mid-1910s. In tandem with the English source text and the Japanese translation, the meaning of the Korean translation was overdetermined by advertisements for the translation, the translator’s preface and footnotes, the readers’ responses, and the serialized novel’s physical coexistence with news carried in the same visual space. Using the prism of space (both tangible and imagined) as a pivot, I argue that the publication of serialized translations of novels in newspapers was situated on the cultural front-line that confronted and negotiated the diverse constructive forces that shaped modern Korean literature. This form of publication thus highlights the characteristics of literature as process, a view that reinstates such seemingly incomplete writings and translations as authentic and legitimate cultural (literary) constituents in modern Korea.

Relay translation of Japanese Literature in Vietnam

Relay translation of Japanese Literature in Vietnam

Lessons from Chinese History: Translation as a Collaborative and Multi-Stage Process

This paper examines how the development of translation practice under the influence of Buddhism, and also in the late Qing (1890-1911), serve to highlight two neglected areas of research in Translation Studies. First, there is the issue of the extent to which translation is a collaborative process. In both time periods, collaboration among 2 to 1000 people was the norm. Yet the models proposed in “classic” Translation Studies in the twentieth century theorized the translation process as being accomplished by a lone individual. The recent growth of translation companies has shown that collaboration is still common today, yet this remains a “black hole” in terms of research. Second, in both periods in China, relay translation through “pivot” languages played a vital role in the translation process. Again, this is a phenomenon that has been downplayed in Translation Studies; relay has been seen as a necessary evil, in a sense replicating the stigma attached to translation itself. These two phenomena thus deserve further study and have implications for translation pedagogy.

Relay translation in subtitling

This article discusses relay translation in subtitling, using the well‐known Danish film ‘Festen’ (The Celebration) by Thomas Vinterberg and its translation into Hebrew as a case study. The article aims at assessing the relationship between the source‐language text, various features in the transmission process(es), and the effect of relay on the end product. It thus focuses on whether deviations and errors can be attributed to the use of relay in translation. It is rounded off with suggestions for reducing erroneous renditions in relay subtitling.

Chinese literature in dutch translation

This article discusses the preliminary results of a study of the history of Chinese literature in Dutch translation. The first translation appeared in 1767, and since then the number of translations into Dutch has gradually increased, culminating in the last two decades of the 20th century. Important translations are discussed against the background of Chinese Studies and the reading public in the Netherlands and special attention is given to the phenomenon of relay translations.

Chinese translations of Henrik Ibsen

All 26 plays by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen have been translated into Chinese, but none have been translated directly from Ibsen's Dano‐Norwegian. It is English translations that have served as the source texts for Chinese renditions. This article mainly discusses how the images and styles, respectively in A Doll's House and The Wild Duck, are rendered in the relay translations, and how they would affect the Chinese understanding of Ibsen's dramatic art. In addition to being a contribution to Ibsen studies, this article is thus also an examination of the problems in the use of relay translation with world classics.

Automatic relay translation for long submarine cables

Automatic relay translation for long submarine cables

Discussion on “Automatic relay translation for long submarine cables”

Discussion on “Automatic relay translation for long submarine cables”