Stance In Relation Research Articles

Fake News Stance Detection Using Deep Learning Architecture (CNN-LSTM)

Society and individuals are negatively influenced both politically and socially by the widespread increase of fake news either way generated by humans or machines. In the era of social networks, the quick rotation of news makes it challenging to evaluate its reliability promptly. Therefore, automated fake news detection tools have become a crucial requirement. To address the aforementioned issue, a hybrid Neural Network architecture, that combines the capabilities of CNN and LSTM, is used with two different dimensionality reduction approaches, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Chi-Square. This work proposed to employ the dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors before passing them to the classifier. To develop the reasoning, this work acquired a dataset from the Fake News Challenges (FNC) website which has four types of stances: agree, disagree, discuss, and unrelated. The nonlinear features are fed to PCA and chi-square which provides more contextual features for fake news detection. The motivation of this research is to determine the relative stance of a news article towards its headline. The proposed model improves results by ~4% and ~20% in terms of $Accuracy$ and $F1-score$ . The experimental results show that PCA outperforms than Chi-square and state-of-the-art methods with 97.8% accuracy.

Exploring the lived experience of Jordanian male nurses: A phenomenological study

BackgroundHuman beings have an inbuilt desire to care and nurture others. In some professions such as nursing, women are perceived as privileged in relation to these traits, and women are in the majority in the nursing profession. The Gender theory suggests that men should adapt to feminine traits and nature in order to fit in the nursing profession. However, there is a paucity of literature in relation to Arab male nurses' experience in nursing. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the Jordanian male nurses' experiences of their career within their Arabic community. MethodsA hermeneutic phenomenological approach, underpinned by VanManen's perspective was used. Twenty-two Jordanian male nurses were approached from four hospitals in Jordan. Four focus groups comprising 5-6 interviewees in each were used. The focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using Van Manen's hermeneutic approach and themes extracted from the Arabic version were compared critically with the analysis of the English version to develop the meaning of the narratives. DiscussionThree major themes emerged from the data: (i) personal gains; (ii) masculinity; (iii) and cultural influences. Whilst male nurses recognized nursing is a female dominant profession, they viewed themselves as more independent in decision making and more productive than their female counterparts. Significantly, the participants described nursing as a means of fulfilling their spiritual needs and thus a personal gain. The interviewees linked their masculinity to resilience and endurance. Participants described that men in nursing face some social constraints within the Arab community. ConclusionThe study findings partly supported the fact that nursing in Jordan is a predominantly female profession which lends support to the gender theory in which Jordanian male nurses experienced a social bias and disadvantages by Arabic culture stereotypes of a male nurse. Although nursing is still a feminine career, the findings of this study raise awareness that gender role stereotype might not hold a strong stance in relation to nursing and that could be attributed to elements such as economic and payment status.

A tale of three paradigms: Realising the revolutionary potential of ecological economics

Ecological economics has ontological foundations that inform it as a paradigm both biophysically and socially. It stands in strong opposition to mainstream thought on the operations of the economy and society. The core arguments deconstruct and oppose both growth and price-making market paradigms. However, in contradiction of these theoretical foundations, ecological economists can be found who call upon neoclassical economic theory as insightful, price-making and capitalist markets as socially justified means of allocation and economic growth as achieving progress and development. The more radical steady-state and post-growth/degrowth movements are shown to include confused and conflicted stances in relation to the mainstream hegemonic paradigms. Ecological economics personally challenges those trained in mainstream theory to move beyond their orthodox education and leave behind the flawed theories and concepts that contribute to supporting systems that create social, ecological and economic crises. This paper makes explicit the paradigmatic struggle of the past thirty years and the need to wipe away mainstream apologetics, pragmatic conformity and ill-conceived postmodern pluralism. It details the core paradigmatic conflict and specifies the alternative social ecological economic paradigm along with a new research agenda.

Stride kinematic changes in laminitic horses treated with three different types of hoof orthopedic devices

Considering the hypothesis that laminitic horses display changes in the kinematics of their forelimbs and clog type orthopedic devices can be beneficial in such cases, the objectives of this study were to compare the stride pattern of healthy horses versus that of horses with chronic laminitis and to assess the kinematic effects of three types of clog shoes on the stride of laminitic horses. Six healthy and six laminitic mares were subjected to a kinematic evaluation at a walk. The horses with laminitis were evaluated before and after the use of three different models of clog type orthopedic shoes on the hooves of both their forelimbs. The treatment types that were administered were the application of no shoes, wooden shoes, leather and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) shoes, and wooden and EVA shoes. The horses with laminitis have a stride length that is reduced by 11% (P = 0.03), and in the swing phase, by 18% (P = 0.004), and the relative stance phase of each limb is prolonged by 6% (P = 0.02) when compared with the healthy group. However, values associated with the stride duration, stance phase duration, breakover duration, speed, and frequency were not significantly different among the laminitic groups. Further, no statistical differences were found in the comparison of the outcomes among the treatments administered to the horses with laminitis, except in their stride length, which was longer in the horses shod with wooden clogs when compared with in the unshod laminitic horses (P = 0.04). It was concluded that horses with stable chronic laminitis display changes in the kinematics of their forelimbs while walking. Immediate and remarkable beneficial effects were not observed with the use of all the types of orthoses; however, the wooden clog resulted in a significant improvement in the length of the stride. Further studies are needed to verify the prolonged effects of clog shoe-type ortheses in the different phases of equine laminitis.

A Pilot Study of a Trauma Training for Healthcare Workers Serving Refugees in Greece: Perceptions of Feasibility of Task-Shifting Trauma Informed Care

ABSTRACTFew studies to date have investigated trauma training programs for healthcare workers who serve refugees. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of a Train-the Trainer (TTT) seminar designed to bring knowledge of trauma-informed practices and task-shifting to healthcare workers charged to provide trauma informed care (TIC) for refugees in Greece. This study used a mixed-methods design, gathered survey data and qualitative descriptions of the barriers, facilitators, and perceived feasibility of task-shifting trauma screening and TIC interventions in healthcare settings that serve refugees. Thirty-three participants who attended a two-day TTT seminar completed a questionnaire, and 11 participants participated in two focus groups. Descriptive findings showed that healthcare workers reported satisfaction with knowledge gained after the TTT seminar. Qualitative findings indicated three main themes associated with the perceived feasibility of task-shifting TIC: a challenging work context; the relational stance; and broadening the conceptual map related to trauma. The findings suggest a TTT seminar may be a feasible method for knowledge dissemination on trauma and TIC in healthcare workers; however, additional training and supervision in TIC may be an important next-step in task-shifting TIC. Recommendations for supporting healthcare workers and integrating TIC into refugee services are discussed.

The opportunities of epistemic pluralism for Cognitive Translation Studies

AbstractAs the object of study of Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS) expands to encompass social and cultural aspects of multilingual communicative events, scholars face the challenge of combining research methods and analytical perspectives to investigate cognitive phenomena. While plurality has been so far considered transitory, eventually converging on a unified theory of translation, I propose to adopt a functional assessment framework for competing models in order to endorse epistemic pluralism. The development of cognitive translatology as an emergent tradition combining multifarious approaches presents a new epistemological landscape in which epistemic pluralism can be embraced, fostered and practiced for the benefit of producing new knowledge. Far from being a relativist stance defending that all systems of knowledge are equally useful or appropriate, pluralism entails an assessment framework, which I introduce, so that we can improve our empirical designs and streamline our theoretical frameworks.

To Believe or Not to Believe: an Epistemic Exploration of Fake News, Truth, and the Limits of Knowing

In the 2016 US presidential election campaign, an online news story broke reporting that ‘tens of thousands’ of pre-marked ballots had been found in a warehouse in Ohio. The ballots were reportedly marked in favor of Hillary Clinton and were to be counted alongside real election ballot boxes. The story contained a picture of the ballot boxes along with the individual who supposedly discovered the ballots. The story was false; however, before its falseness was exposed, it went viral and was viewed by the media as having affected the outcome of the election in favour of Donald Trump. While the deceit of the creator of this fake news should be of great concern, the perilousness of fake news to the corrosion of democracy is substantial. In this paper, I explore what it means to be an online news consumer in relation to the magnitude of the problem of fake news. I examine what it means for online news consumers to acquire knowledge and the pitfalls they experience in a fake news online environment. I add another layer of analysis through the exploration of how online news consumers determine truth and discuss the boundaries of determining the truth in fake news online environments. I conclude that in a fake news online environment, acquiring knowledge for democratic participation is dubious. Determining the truth of fake news stories can be uncertain, and when combined with limited opportunities to gain knowledge, online news consumers are in a conundrum of what to believe. I conclude with the suggestion that one-way education ought to assist online news consumers in understanding the limits of their epistemological stances in relation to fake news in online environments as an outset to assist citizens to become better online news consumers, so they have the option to enact democracy through increased epistemic volition.

A Tale of Two Treatments

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the transition in my treatment of Eric, from a more self-psychological perspective to a more relational stance. My thesis is that multiple theories may be necessary when conceptualizing and implementing the treatment of an individual, and, further, that a change in one’s listening approach can signal progress in analysis. I hope to demonstrate, through clinical material, how a shift in perspective is sometimes necessary to facilitate therapeutic change.

Use of validated objective methods of locomotion characteristics and weight distribution for evaluating the efficacy of ketoprofen for alleviating pain in cows with limb pathologies.

In veterinary practice pain alleviation plays a part in managing lameness. The aim of this randomized and placebo-controlled clinical study was to evaluate the effect of a single administration of ketoprofen on locomotion characteristics and weight distribution in cattle with foot (located up to and including the fetlock; n = 31) and (proximal to the fetlock; n = 10) pathologies. Cattle were randomly allocated to either the ketoprofen (group K; intravenous 3 mg/kg of body weight; n = 21) or an equivalent volume of isotonic sterile saline solution (group P; n = 20). Two accelerometers (400 Hz; kinematic outcome = stance phase duration; kinetic outcome = foot load and toe-off), a 4-scale weighing platform (weight distribution and SD of the weight) and a subjective locomotion score were measured before (baseline) and after 1 h and 18 h of treatment. All variables were expressed as differences across contralateral limbs, and the measurements at 1 h and 18 h were compared to the baseline. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences between groups K and P. A logistic regression model with a binary outcome (0 = no improvement and 1 = improvement of the differences across the contralateral limbs over time) was calculated. Mean (± SD) of locomotion scores at baseline were not significantly different (P = 0.102) in group K (3.10 ± 0.80) as compared to group P (3.48 ± 0.64). Cattle of group K showed significantly lower differences across contralateral limbs at 1 h as compared to group P for the relative stance phase and the weight distribution. Only the treatment (P versus K) remained a significant factor in the model for relative stance phase (odds ratio (OR) = 6.5; 95% CI = 1.38–30.68) and weight distribution (OR = 6.36; 95% CI = 1.30–31.07). The effects of ketoprofen were evident in improving the differences across contralateral limbs—both for stance phase during walking and weight bearing during standing—after 1 h but not after 18 h of administration.

Political Stance Analysis Using Swedish Parliamentary Data

We process and visualize Swedish parliamentary data using methods from statistics and machine learning, which allows us to obtain insight into the political processes behind the data. We produce plots that let us infer the relative stance of political parties and their members on different topics. In addition, we can infer the degree of homogeneity of individual votes within different parties, as well as the degree of multi-dimensionality of Swedish politics.

High School Students “Talk Back” to the Anonymous Researcher behind the Questionnaire

This paper discusses high-school students' perspectives on their participation in educational survey research. Students responded to a Likert-style questionnaire about their school’s social-educational portrait and were invited at its end to briefly comment on the survey itself. Qualitative analysis showed that a sizable proportion of students crafted emotionally laden relational responses addressed to the researchers, spanning a broad spectrum ranging from gratitude through skepticism to angry suspicion. For some students, interest in their school experience was very empowering, giving students a sense of recognition and of being heard. Other students showed discomfort with the quantitative survey as a research tool. The study argues for the existence of relational stances in quantitative research and suggests that these be taken into account in planning the research and interpreting the results.

‘We don’t need to abide by that!’: Negotiating professional roles in problem-solving talk at work

In this article, we focus on problem solving talk in the business meeting event. We zoom in on the processes of formulating, negotiating and ratifying an issue as a problem, and we argue that individuals negotiate their stances in relation to their perceived/projected professional roles. The processes of problem-solving are, simultaneously, processes of self/other positioning. We take an Interactional Sociolinguistic perspective and draw on audio-recorded meeting talk collected in a multinational corporate workplace. Our analysis shows that interactants draw on issues of accountability, perceived/projected responsibilities and expertise in pursuit of their own interactional agenda in the problem-solving meeting. We close the article with directions for further research.

Spiritual care and stories of continued presence: Taking care not to silence the dead

ABSTRACTA significant number of bereaved people report experiences of the continued presence of those who have died—whether through dreams, visions, conversation, or simply a sense of presence. For some cultures, including Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, spiritual connections with those who have passed on are an accepted part of life. This article offers a case study, based on conversations with a Māori man, and argues for the importance of maintaining a respectful, open and dialogically engaged stance in relation to people’s stories of continued presence. This case study also highlights the need for spiritual carers and researchers who work with indigenous people to be aware of the effects of colonisation and to approach their task with a preparedness to have their assumptions challenged and their perspectives changed.

Retour en 2078

L’anticipation est une des facettes en plein essor de la recherche en prospective qui cherche à utiliser une attitude vis-à-vis du futur pour guider des actions créatives actuelles. En tant que telle, elle est à la fois résolument pratique et philosophiquement spéculative. Nous explorons ce type d’anticipation vis-à-vis du futur en le mettant en interaction avec le concept de contemporain. À partir de la discussion philosophique du concept de contemporain par Giorgio Agamben - elle-même influencée par les développements de Friedrich Nietzsche sur l’inactuel - cet article discute l’idée qu’une position anticipative vis-à-vis du futur est qu’il devienne contemporain, situé à la fois dans et hors du présent, créant avec courage un présent.

“Soothing My Child's Soul and My Own”: Dealing with Pregnancy Loss in Postcommunist Romania

AbstractIn Romania—where induced abortions were legally prohibited during communism and are now morally condemned by many—those who lose a pregnancy against their will have long been regarded with suspicion, confronted with a sense of culpability, and surrounded by silence. This ambiguity is reflected in the local terminology and the perceived etiology of loss. In this article, which is based on 15 months of fieldwork between 2012 and 2015, I illustrate the various meanings and manifestations of a silenced sense of culpability around involuntary pregnancy loss in the lives of women from Bucharest and a small town in Central Romania. I also show how many of these women attempt to break the silence around their lost fetuses and carve out a personal space of commemoration and consolation. Their informal use of forbidden religious rituals paradoxically allows them to confirm the existence of their lost little ones and to position themselves as caring, rather than culpable, mothers. [pregnancy loss, commemoration, culpability, postcommunist Romania]

Understanding bullying relationally

In this article, bullying in South African schools is conceptualised regarding both the phenomenon and the leadership style using a relational framework. An instrumental case study nested in social constructivism was applied. I employed semi-structured interviews, including some open-ended questionnaires, based on the same interview questions. Research participants were sampled purposively, after selecting a few schools that were part of a larger research project investigating bullying with the aim of countering this problem. To this end, I sourced data from 12 principals in these schools to inquire into their leadership style, and the possible ways in which a relational stance might assist in combatting this social and educational dilemma in schools. Empirical data revealed that in many cases where the school principals honed values such as care and relational attributes in their daily leadership practices, learners were more likely to respond to the relational and caring practices that they witnessed and experienced. A relational leadership style could assist in countering bullying, setting caring and supportive examples for both teachers and learners, adding much worth to a favourable educational landscape. Keywords: bullying; educational leadership; ethics of care; instrumental case study; relational leadership

Holding the Hope to Find Access to a “New Life”

ABSTRACTIn the therapeutic process that unfolds between her patient and Jane Lewis we find references to a therapist’s attitude that points to a relational stance; in particular, the therapist finds inside herself the way to unblock the patient’s ‘frozen’ situation. Thanks to the therapist’s subjectivity, the intersubjective field is animated with images that can reveal something about the patient’s experience of terror and abandonment. I emphasize that the descriptive (scientific) words struggle to account for the complexity and richness of experience, while poetic words reveal their own specific access to knowing and we better understand our need for it. Once we begin to understand the centrality of the implicit aspects of psychoanalytic communication we are called to extend by much the concept of “words” in therapy.

Contributing from Inside the Outer Circle: The Identity-Based Effects of Noncore Role Incumbents on Relational Coordination and Organizational Climate

To function optimally, most workgroups need an interdependent mix of members in strategically core and noncore roles who work effectively together. However, whereas researchers have investigated the contributions of star performers and strategically core group members, relatively little is known about individuals in noncore roles and how they may facilitate group functioning and contribute to the relational climate of organizations. In this paper, we develop a multi-level, bottom-up model that explains two paths through which employees in noncore roles facilitate the dissemination of relational coordination in organizations. We leverage insights from self-categorization theory and relational coordination theory to explain different ways in which noncore role incumbents attempt to enact their noncore role identities. Then, we describe how the relational stances of those occupying core roles can enable or hinder the identity validation of those in noncore roles, and how validating the role-based identities ...

Musical Elicitation Methods

Music is an underutilized resource for research in the social sciences. This article presents examples of musical elicitation methods that were used within a study that explored how adolescents who were referred to group music therapy for aggression produced meanings of aggression through the therapeutic process. The study was conducted within a poststructuralist paradigm, particularly using the theoretical thinking tools of Deleuze and Gergen. The elicitation methods discussed include drumming, creating images during music listening, and songwriting. The article argues for the role of musical elicitation methods particularly within research that values a radical relational stance that allows participants to comfortably territorialize the research encounter, and in light of considering the transformative potential of research itself.

Right on time - Socioecological strategy and implications of turbulence in the Swiss watchmaking field

We explore how the socio-ecological approach to strategy extends and enriches current theory on fields (especially Fligstein and McAdam, 2012). We do so with a socio-ecological (Ramirez and Selsky, 2016) lens which helps us analyse how contention and change work in conditions of turbulence, conditions where macro-level issues play a central role in transforming a field. Our empirical exploration of the Swiss watchmaking field in its current turbulent causal texture enables us to examine the locus of strategic action (intra-field vs inter-field) by both incumbents and challengers, and how they enact the strategic stances of preparation, relocating and reinventing collaboration. With this lens we also analyse the roles a legacy technology can play in the framing-reframing contention, where incumbents favour an ‘intra-field’ framing (i.e. centred in the legacy technology) whereas challengers favour an ‘inter-field’ reframing (i.e. open to emerging technologies). Our research further contributes to the literature by providing a clarification of the Ramirez and Selsky (2016) strategic stances in relation to its core unit of analysis: field-level vs organizational-level vs inter-organizational network level and does so with empirical data.