Relative Importance Of Factors Research Articles

Dynamics of Surface Moisture Content on a Macro-tidal Beach

ABSTRACT Montreuil, A-L.; Chen, M.; Brand, E.; Strypsteen, G.; Rauwoens, P.; Vandenbulcke, A.; De Wulf, A.; Dan, S., and Verwaest, T., 2018. Dynamics of surface moisture content on a macro-tidal beach. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., and Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from the International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 206–210. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Surface moisture content is a significant factor controlling aeolian sand transport. It is influenced by atmospheric, marine and sub-surface processes. Although several studies reported direct links in surface moisture content with the processes responsible for those variations, there is still a lack of understanding of its dynamic on a macro-tidal beach. This study aims to investigate spatial and temporal dynamics in the surface moisture content of a macro-tidal beach, and to determine the relative importance of factors controlling these. A field experiment was per...

Reproductive decision-making among postpartum HIV-infected women in rural South Africa.

Despite pregnancy spacing recommendations to optimize health outcomes among mothers and neonates, unplanned pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa is common among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLHIV). This study examined factors associated with reproductive decision-making among WLHIV to inform pregnancy-planning interventions. WLHIV in rural South Africa (n = 165) were assessed at 12 months postpartum. The relative importance of factors associated with reproductive decision-making was estimated. Women were a mean of 28 years old (SD = 5.71). Risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (Mean = 0.43; SD = 0.33) had the greatest impact on decision-making, followed by partners' desires (M = 0.22; SD = 0.18), family preferences (M = 0.18; SD = 0.13), and community opinion (M = 0.17; SD = 0.13). MTCT was most important to women with greater HIV knowledge. However, WLHIV who had been diagnosed with HIV for a longer time placed more emphasis on partner preference and community opinion, and less importance on MTCT risk. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) was less important to women experiencing intimate partner violence and those with depression. Findings highlight the need for tailored, focused interventions to support the unique circumstances of WLHIV and support the inclusion of families and/or partners in the counseling process. Results underscore the need for perinatal preconception counseling for women during routine HIV care.

Online Store Attribute Preferences

This article describes how purchasing from an online store depends on various attributes of the online store. The relative importance given to a particular factor may vary across gender. Thus, it generates a scope of inquiry for understanding the consumer behavior while making an online purchase. Hence, this article tries to understand the relative importance of the factors affecting consumers buying behaviors while shopping online. This article utilizes Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS for finding relative weights of criteria and ranking of the alternatives available respectively. The results were analyzed for finding the relative importance of factors across gender. The article finds that security of transactions is the topmost priority for both males and females, but they put a different level of importance on rest of the factors. The results provide valuable insights which can help the online stores in prioritizing the important factors for future improvements.

A Study on the Quantitative Evaluation of Products in Real Estate Development Projects Using ANP

Real estate development significantly influenced by external factors such as international macro-environment, domestic and international real estate markets, public policy, and the financial market has high risks to fail since business process is complicated, and potential risks are various depending on the type of business and participants of business. The purpose of this study is to suggest basically considering criteria when assessing values of real estate development business. For doing this, quantitative indicators are developed by experts’ verifying internal values only focusing on a businessman’s subjective opinion in real estate development. Through ANP, a way of the strategic decision, 6 upper basic items and 18 low detailed items were classified depending on the relative importance of factors, and weights as for these indicators were yielded. Upper basic items yielded 6 basic value items; ‘price value’, ‘time value’, ‘location value’, ‘the value of a concept’, ‘the value of quality’, and ‘rarity value.’ It was found that of them, the most considered item was location value. The significance level of 18 detailed indicators, which represented an indicator of the value evaluation of the product in real estate development, was analyzed. The result showed that ‘regional location value’ was ranked in the first place, and ‘area for exclusive use’, ‘the value of location for land use’, ‘metropolitan location value’, ‘future value’, ‘the time of selling lots’, ‘supply area’, and ‘multiple time’ were ranked in order. However, the values of the rest 9 detailed items that are out of the ranking, had more than 25% weights of overall values. Therefore, when the value of products in real estate development is evaluated, low detailed items should be importantly considered.

Application of the Risk-Based Early Warning Method in a Fracture-Karst Water Source, North China.

The paper proposes a risk-based early warning considering characteristics of fracture-karst aquifer in North China and applied it in a super-large fracture-karst water source. Groundwater vulnerability, types of land use, water abundance, transmissivity and spatial temporal variation of groundwater quality were chosen as indexes of the method. Weights of factors were obtained by using AHP method based on relative importance of factors, maps of factors were zoned by GIS, early warning map was conducted based on extension theory with the help of GIS, ENVI+IDL. The early warning map fused five factors very well, serious and tremendous warning areas are mainly located in northwest and east with high or relatively high transmissivity and groundwater pollutant loading, and obviously deteriorated or deteriorated trend of petroleum. The early warning map warns people where more attention should be paid, and the paper guides decision making to take appropriate protection actions in different warning levels areas.

Determinants of Working Capital Requirements of Micro and Small Enterprises in Barak Valley, Assam

Micro and small enterprises play an important role in the development of our economy. In order to run the enterprises efficiently working capital is required. The enterprises have to determine the required level of working capital on the basis of factors determining working capital requirements of the enterprises and they have to prefer the factors on the basis of their relative importance. The present study has assessed the relative importance of factors determining working capital requirements of micro and small enterprises in the Barak valley of Assam. The study has also assessed the relative importance of factors determining working capital requirements of manufacturing enterprises and service enterprises in the Valley. The enterprises which are registered with District Industries and Commerce Centres of the three districts of the Valley namely Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi as on 31st March 2012 and which are still functioning have been studied. Sample size of the study is 246, of which 81.71 per cent are micro enterprises and 18.29 per cent are small enterprises. Again, 78.86 per cent of the sample enterprises are manufacturing enterprises and 21.14 per cent are service enterprises. The study is based on the primary data. The sampling technique of the study is ‘convenience sampling’. Arithmetic mean, rank and standard deviation have been used for data analysis. The hypotheses are tested with the help of the statistical technique ‘Mann-Whitney U test’.

Conjoint Analysis of Treatment Preferences for Nondisplaced Scaphoid Fractures.

We used conjoint analysis to assess the relative importance of factors that influence a patient's decision between surgical or nonsurgical management of a nondisplaced scaphoid fracture. Our hypothesis was that out-of-pocket costs will have a greater influence on decision making than the time spent in a cast or brace, degree of soreness, or the risk of treatment failure. Two-hundred and fifty participants were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk and asked to assume that they had experienced a nondisplaced scaphoid waist fracture. They then indicated their relative preferences among 13 pairs of alternatives with variations in the following attributes: time in a cast, time in a brace, duration of ongoing soreness, risk of treatment failure (by which we meant scaphoid nonunion), out-of-pocket costs based on estimates of direct costs ($500-2,500), and apprehension about surgery. A conjoint analysis was used to determine the relative importance of these factors when choosing between surgical or nonsurgical management. The factor with the greatest influence on treatment choice was the cost of the procedure. After assessing the respondent's apprehension to undergo surgery, a sensitivity analysis showed the proportion of respondents who would choose surgery given different outcomes. To make the predicted share of those who are "not worried" about surgery equal to those who are "somewhat worried" or "a little worried" would require that the cost of surgery increase by $2,700. In addition, 2 weeks in a cast, 3 weeks in a brace, 2 months of soreness, or a 2% increase in the risk of fracture nonunion generates the same surgical choice probability as a $2,000 increase in the out-of-pocket cost of surgery. As conceptualized in this conjoint analysis, out-of-pocket costs and apprehension about surgery seem to have a greater impact on a decision for surgery than the time spent in a brace or cast and the risk of treatment failure. Economic and decision analysis III.

An Empirical Investigation into Institutions Unlocking Entrepreneurial Activity

Entrepreneurship scholars tend to agree that institutional factors influence entrepreneurship; however, empirical studies have led to different conclusions with regard to the relative importance of each driver. This study empirically investigates the influence that the regulatory, cognitive, normative and conducive institutional factors have on different types of entrepreneurial activity (EA) in South Africa. Following a survey of 163 ventures, regression results reveal that it is the cognitive and conducive institutional environments, which have a significant impact on EA. These results highlight the importance of institutional environmental factors in relation to opportunity-based EA. Additionally, the findings provide key insights to scholars and policymakers where institutional factors in an emerging market context serve as a catalyst for EA.

Moult in the Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus is influenced by sex, latitude and migration

We investigated moult strategies in Loggerhead Shrikes by examining first prebasic or preformative moult patterns and by assessing the general location where individual feathers were grown using stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) analysis. We tested the relative importance of factors known to impact moult timing and pattern, including age, sex, body size, food availability and migration. Migratory Shrikes showed evidence of suspended moult, in which feathers are moulted on both the breeding and the non‐breeding grounds with a suspension of moult during migration. Extent of moult was best explained by sex, longitude, migratory behaviour and breeding‐ground latitude. Male Hatch Year (HY) Shrikes replaced more feathers on the breeding grounds prior to migration than did HY females and moulted more extensively on the breeding grounds than did females. Non‐migratory HY Shrikes underwent a more extensive preformative moult than migratory HY Shrikes. Individuals in more southerly migratory populations moulted more extensively on the breeding grounds than did those breeding further north. Our data also indicate that individuals in the northeastern populations moulted more extensively on the breeding grounds than did those in the north and southwest. Our study underlines the complex structure and variation in moult possible within species, revealing surprising levels of differentiation between sexes and age cohorts, linked to environmental factors on the breeding grounds. Our study highlights the utility of an intrinsic marker, specifically δ2H analysis, to test hypotheses regarding the evolutionary and ecological forces driving moult. Although the methodology has not commonly been applied to this area of research, our results indicate that it can provide unprecedented insight into inter‐ and intra‐specific adaptive response to constraints, whereby individuals maximize fitness.

Environment and dispersal influence changes in species composition at different scales in woody plants of the Western Ghats, India

AbstractQuestionWhat are the relative roles of environmental and spatial factors in influencing variation in species composition of tropical woody plants at different spatial scales?LocationTropical evergreen forests, Western Ghats, South India.MethodsUsing a plot‐based species inventory spanning the entire latitudinal extent (1,200 km) of the Western Ghats’ wet evergreen forests, we collected primary data on spatial variation in species composition of woody plants. Each plot was characterized by a set of environmental descriptors consisting of topographic, edaphic and climatic variables, while eigenvector‐based spatial variables and plot coordinates were used as spatial descriptors. We used ordination‐based as well as distance‐based variation partitioning techniques to partition the variation in species composition into components uniquely and jointly explained by environmental and spatial factors.ResultsThe compositional similarity of woody plants largely showed a linear decline with log‐geographic distance. However, this relationship was spatially structured. After controlling for the differences in environment, compositional similarity was found to be strongly associated with geographic distance only at the smallest spatial scale. Variation partitioning analysis revealed that environmental variables explained a much larger proportion of variation in species composition overall compared to spatial variables. Among environmental variables, climatic variables emerged as the most important predictors of variation in species composition at regional and landscape scales.ConclusionsStrong association between compositional similarity and geographic distance at local scales indicates the influence of dispersal limitation, while niche differentiation seems to be a more important driver of variation in species composition at larger spatial scales. Overall, our results provide evidence for scale‐dependent shifts in the relative importance of factors that are responsible for variation in species composition.

Clinician and manager perceptions of factors leading to ward patient clinical deterioration

BackgroundImproving the timely recognition and response to clinical deterioration is a critical challenge for clinicians, educators, administrators and researchers. Clinical deterioration leading to Rapid Response Team review is associated with poor patient outcomes. A range of factors associated with clinical deterioration and its outcomes have been identified, and may help with early identification of deteriorating patients. However, the relative importance of each factor on the development of clinical deterioration is unknown. ObjectiveTo identify the relative importance of factors contributing to the development of clinical deterioration in ward patients, as perceived by health professionals who have experience in recognising or responding to clinical deterioration, or in the management, administration or governance of RRSs. MethodsA written questionnaire containing 12 pre-determined factors was provided to participants. Participants were asked to rank the items from most to least important contributors to ward patient deterioration. The study took place during a session of the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Rapid Response Team conference. ResultsA final sample of 233 (83% response rate), returned the questionnaire. The sample comprised specialist ICU registered nurses with direct patient contact (64%), ICU consultant doctors (17%), ICU nurse managers (7%), hospital administrators (2%), ICU registrars (2%), quality coordinators (2%) and non-hospital staff (4%). The patient’s presenting illness/main diagnosis was the highest ranked factor, followed by pre-existing co-morbidities, seniority of nursing ward staff, medical documentation, senior medical staff, and interdisciplinary communication. Almost two-thirds of participants ranked patient characteristics as the most important contributor to clinical deterioration. ConclusionHealth professionals who have experience in recognising or responding to clinical deterioration, or in the management, administration or governance of RRSs perceive that patient characteristics such as the patient’s primary diagnosis and comorbidities to be the most important contributors to clinical deterioration.

Fuzzy based risk prioritisation in an auto LPG dispensing station

A fuzzy rule based inference model assessing the failure modes for risk ranking in FMEA to manage risks and make maintenance decisions is applied to a LPG refuelling station in this paper. Normally in FMEA, risk priority number (RPN) is determined by multiplication of feature scores that are inferred from the degree or probability of occurrence, severity and non detection of the problem, without taking into consideration the relative importance of factors. In fuzzy approach, linguistic assessment of factors is evaluated to obtain risk priority number. A rule based fuzzy inference engine generates the priority ranks of identified failure modes. Direct evaluation is possible with the aid of grey theory by assigning weights to the features in the absence of expertise to develop an inference rule base. The GRA approaches can solve the problem of risk prioritising, which needs expertise to develop rule base while building the fuzzy inference system. By applying fuzzy FMEA and fuzzy logic with grey relational approach (GRA), expert linguistic opinions are used to rank the identified failure modes and the results are presented. The risk of the failure modes are ranked in an inclusive approach based on the fuzzy domain projections. It is effective and feasible to handle various types of uncertainties, such as incompleteness, fuzziness, imprecision, and so on, in the risk analysis process.

Leaving Your Mamma: Why so Late in Italy?

In Italy, young adults tend to postpone their transition to adulthood and live with their parents until very late compared with other countries. A dynamic discrete choice model is proposed in which agents choose residential arrangements, together with labor supply and marital status, conditional on the economic and institutional framework and on other agents' choices. The model is structurally estimated with the Simulated Method of Moments for nonstudent high-school graduate males and then used to assess, through a variety of counterfactual experiments, the relative importance of factors that are claimed to influence the choice to leave home in the existing literature: labor market conditions, parental resources, housing market conditions and social interaction. Results suggest that Italians choose to remain with their parents due to a combination of poor labor market conditions and high housing costs. The relatively high income of parents could contribute to the patterns observed by acting as an insurance against unemployment. Finally, estimates indicate that individuals tend to conform to a social norm that is influenced by external conditions.

Spatiotemporal Effects of Main Impact Factors on Residential Land Price in Major Cities of China

With the rapid development of land marketization in China, the spatial patterns of residential land prices in different regions have become increasingly complicated. The very high and continuously rising residential land prices in many cities are causing significant challenges to economic development and social stability. Yet, there has only been a limited amount of attempts made to model and analyze the regional dynamic changes of residential land price systematically, especially in term of the spatially varying effects of key demographic and economic factors. In this study we provided a perspective analysis of the changes of residential land prices in 2008, 2011 and 2014 based on the land price monitoring records of 105 cities and then conducted a geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis on the relationships between residential land price and three major impact factors (i.e., immigrant population, gross domestic product (GDP) and investment in residential buildings). Results show that the areas in which GDP had relatively strong positive impacts on residential land price expanded with time. The negative effects of immigrant population on residential land price were mainly concentrated in the cities around the Bohai Rim and the area with negative effects gradually shrank in the three studied years. Conversely, the areas with negative correlation between investment in residential buildings and residential land price gradually expanded in size over time. A geographical detector was used to examine the relative importance of factors to residential land price. It was found that the GDP had more significant influence on residential land price than other factors and the influence of the three factors to overall variation in residential land price increased over the three studied years. These results underscore the importance of taking spatially varying effects of major driving factors into account in policy-making on regional land market.

Controls of reburn severity vary with fire interval in the Klamath Mountains, California, USA

AbstractOver the past few decades, the frequency and number of large fires has increased in the western United States following a paucity of fire activity in many forests during most of the 20th century. Areas of repeated burning are of particular interest for understanding where there may be qualitative shifts in fire severity and the ecological consequences related to ecosystem resilience and climate change. In the context of recent increases in fire activity, we evaluated the relative importance of potential factors contributing to reburn severity (fire severity in areas that have burned twice) from 1985 to 2012 in the Klamath Mountains ecoregion of California. A unique component of our study was the evaluation of different scales of analysis within the ecoregion. The variables prior burn severity (continuous relative difference‐normalized burn ratio values from 1 to 1300), time since fire, biophysical setting, and average monthly weather were evaluated using generalized additive models to identify the relative importance of factors related to reburn severity patterns for 28 individual repeat fires (>375 ha), shorter (<15 yr) and longer (≥19 yr) fire interval categories, and across all repeat fires combined (79,112 ha). We found that evaluation of all repeat fires combined had masked important trends occurring across individual reburn areas of study particularly when dominated by one or more large fires. Averaging the variance of reburn severity explained across individual reburn areas (equal representation) yielded more explanatory power of predictor variables compared to the composite of all reburn areas combined. Over the period of analysis, topographic controls were relatively consistent regardless of fire interval, but vegetation characteristics had a stronger relationship than weather on reburn severity at longer fire intervals compared to shorter intervals. Likewise, we found greater similarity between prior and reburn severity at longer fire intervals than at shorter fire intervals. Our results underscore the presence of a self‐reinforcing pattern of fire severity related to the biophysical setting in the Klamath Mountains ecoregion, but also highlight the importance of spatial and temporal scale of evaluation and the interactions of vegetation characteristics, time since fire, and fire weather on reburn fire severity.

Global patterns and trends in human-wildlife conflict compensation.

Human-wildlife conflict is a major conservation challenge, and compensation for wildlife damage is a widely used economic tool to mitigate this conflict. The effectiveness of this management tool is widely debated. The relative importance of factors associated with compensation success is unclear, and little is known about global geographic or taxonomic differences in the application of compensation programs. We reviewed research on wildlife-damage compensation to determine geographic and taxonomic gaps, analyze patterns of positive and negative comments related to compensation, and assess the relative magnitude of global compensation payments. We analyzed 288 publications referencing wildlife compensation and identified 138 unique compensation programs. These publications reported US$222 million (adjusted for inflation) spent on compensation in 50 countries since 1980. Europeans published the most articles, and compensation funding was highest in Europe, where depredation by wolves and bears was the most frequently compensated damage. Authors of the publications we reviewed made twice as many negative comments as positive comments about compensation. Three-quarters of the negative comments related to program administration. Conversely, three-quarters of the positive comments related to program outcomes. The 3 most common suggestions to improve compensation programs included requiring claimants to employ damage-prevention practices, such as improving livestock husbandry or fencing of crops to receive compensation (n = 25, 15%); modifying ex post compensation schemes to some form of outcome-based performance payment (n = 21, 12%); and altering programs to make compensation payments more quickly (n = 14, 8%). We suggest that further understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of compensation as a conflict-mitigation tool will require more systematic evaluation of the factors driving these opinions and that differentiating process and outcomes and understanding linkages between them will result in more fruitful analyses and ultimately more effective conflict mitigation.

Heat Generation and Accumulation in Municipal Solid Waste Landfills.

There have been reports of North American landfills that are experiencing temperatures in excess of 80-100 °C. However, the processes causing elevated temperatures are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to develop a model to describe the generation, consumption and release of heat from landfills, to predict landfill temperatures, and to understand the relative importance of factors that contribute to heat generation and accumulation. Modeled heat sources include energy from aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, anaerobic metal corrosion, ash hydration and carbonation, and acid-base neutralization. Heat removal processes include landfill gas convection, infiltration, leachate collection, and evaporation. The landfill was treated as a perfectly mixed batch reactor. Model predictions indicate that both anaerobic metal corrosion and ash hydration/carbonation contribute to landfill temperatures above those estimated from biological reactions alone. Exothermic pyrolysis of refuse, which is hypothesized to be initiated due to a local accumulation of heat, was modeled empirically to illustrate its potential impact on heat generation.

Leaving your mamma: why so late in Italy?

In Italy, young adults tend to postpone their transition to adulthood and live with their parents until very late compared with other countries. A dynamic discrete choice model is proposed in which agents choose residential arrangements, together with labor supply and marital status, conditional on the economic and institutional framework and on other agents’ choices. The model is structurally estimated with the Simulated Method of Moments for non-student high-school graduate males and then used to assess, through a variety of counterfactual experiments, the relative importance of factors that are claimed to influence the choice to leave home in the existing literature: labor market conditions, parental resources, housing market conditions and social interaction. Results suggest that Italians choose to remain with their parents due to a combination of poor labor market conditions and high housing costs. The relatively high income of parents could contribute to the patterns observed by acting as an insurance against unemployment. Finally, estimates indicate that individuals tend to conform to a social norm, especially in the South of the country were family ties and the costs in terms of utility from not complying with expected behaviors appear to be stronger.

Intrinsic factors are relatively more important than habitat features in modulating risk perception in a tropical lizard

Anti-predator responses in animals are dynamic and depend on multiple factors. However, most of our understanding about animal escape responses comes from studies which examine only a small set of factors at a time and are done over a short period of animal life spans. This limits our understanding of the dynamic nature of animal escape behaviour and the relative importance of individual factors in determining their escape behaviour. We used a repeated-measures study design to assess the anti-predator response of a wild population of a sexually dimorphic tropical lizard, Psammophilus dorsalis. We followed marked individuals throughout their breeding lifespan, repeatedly assayed their escape response and measured representative intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could modulate their escape response. Our findings suggest that intrinsic factors, such as sex and body size, influenced escape response relatively more than extrinsic factors did, such as distance to refuge and perch height. Although individual variables influenced escape behaviour, in a direction mostly consistent with predictions from optimal escape theory, the interaction between factors led to novel insights into how animals dynamically evaluate multiple and changing costs throughout their lifetime to evade predation. Fleeing from a potential predator is crucial to animals and depends on different factors, as there are various costs to escaping. Although several studies in the past have evaluated the role of various factors in determining escape response, the relative importance of factors and how it changes across the lifetime of individuals are not clear. By assessing individuals repeatedly over a substantial part of their lifespan, we could gain insight into how escape response changes as associated factors, intrinsic or extrinsic, change for an individual over time. This approach provided us a more robust and accurate representation of the dynamic nature of escape decisions. We also demonstrate that when multiple factors are considered simultaneously, their relative importance in determining timing of escape can considerably differ from theoretical predictions.

Determinants of first-time utilization of long-term care services in the Netherlands: an observational record linkage study

BackgroundSince in an ageing society more long-term care (LTC) facilities are needed, it is important to understand the main determinants of first-time utilization of (LTC) services.MethodsThe Andersen service model, which distinguishes predisposing, enabling and need factors, was used to develop a model for first-time utilization of LTC services among the general population of the Netherlands. We used data on 214,821 persons registered in a database of general practitioners (NIVEL Primary Care Database). For each person the medical history was known, as well as characteristics such as ethnicity, income, home-ownership, and marital status. Utilization data from the national register on long-term care was linked at a personal level. Generalized Linear Models were used to determine the relative importance of factors of incident LTC-service utilization.ResultsTop 5 determinants of LTC are need, measured as the presence of chronic diseases, age, household size, household income and homeownership. When controlling for all other determinants, the presence of an additional chronic disease increases the probability of utilizing any LTC service by 45% among the 20+ population (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.41–1.49), and 31% among the 65+ population (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.27–1.36). With respect to the 20+ population, living in social rent (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 2.25–2.67, ref. = home-owner) had a large impact on utilizing any LTC service. In a lesser degree this was the case for living alone (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.52–1.75, ref. = not living alone). A higher household income was linked with a lower utilization of any LTC service.ConclusionsAll three factors of the Anderson model, predisposing, enabling, and need determinants influence the likelihood of future LTC service utilization. This implies that none of these factors can be left out of the analysis of what determines this use. New in our analysis is the focus on incident utilization. This provides a better estimate of the effects of predictors than a prevalence based analysis, as there is less confounding by changes in determinants occurring after LTC initiation. Especially the need of care is a strong factor. A policy implication of this relative importance of health status is therefore that LTC reforms should take health aspects into account.