Relations Theory Research Articles

Relational turbulence and couples’ convergence and divergence in weekly highs and lows during three months of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

Previous research has found relational benefits of interpersonal emotional convergence. Drawing on relational turbulence theory, we expected that partners’ convergence in emotional high and low points is associated with relational uncertainty, qualities of interdependence, and relational turbulence. These hypotheses were tested using data retrieved from a longitudinal project in which spouses in 64 American married couples independently reported high and low experiences and completed relationship measures every week for ten weeks from June to August of 2020. Results from multilevel models confirmed some of the hypothesized benefits of convergence in highs, but predictions about convergence in lows were largely unsupported. The findings suggest that dyadic emotion is an antecedent of relational turbulence processes and highlight the importance of sharing positive experiences for maintaining relationship health.

No response? Chronemic expectancy violation and relational turbulence in technologically-mediated romantic relational conflict

An extensive body of literature shows how people deal with conflicts, verbally and nonverbally, in interpersonal interactions. However, the role of technologically-mediated communication (TMC) in romantic relational conflict has received less attention. Through the lenses of Relational Turbulence and Expectancy Violations Theories, this study explored how a chronemic expectancy violation from a romantic partner impacts emotional well-being in a TMC-involved conflict discussion. Two online questionnaires were distributed. First, a pilot study was conducted to understand the basic online communication dynamics between emerging adult romantic partners (e.g., usual response latency) and possible emotions when they experience a chronemic expectancy violation from their partner on TMC. Results show that people are likely to experience negative affect and other specific emotions (e.g., disillusion, loneliness, frustration, hurt, anger) if their partner takes longer than expected to respond. The main study then further explored how individuals’ expectations differ in a hypothetical TMC-involved conflict scenario where they use text-based TMC to discuss a recent romantic conflict with their partners. Participants were instructed to imagine a chronemic expectancy violation whereby their partner does not respond within their expected time period (i.e., conflict expected latency) and report their feelings about it. Results show that people expect their partners to respond more rapidly in the conflict scenario than usual and report negative feelings after the expectancy violations. Conflict-specific (e.g., seriousness), personal (e.g., attachment anxiety and avoidance), and relational (e.g., commitment) variables also influence the intensity of their emotional experiences. This research enhances comprehension of nonverbal cues in text-based TMC and potential emotional repercussions in romantic conflict management.

The Monetary Market Uncertainty, Reasons and Consequence of Financial Market

The previous Federal Reserve rate hikes have had an important impact on the global financial economy. In this paper, on the overview of the fed rate cycle and the related theory and literature review, by combing the fed in 2022 start rate cycle of high inflation and huge debt deficit pressure province scene and process, analyzes the influence of the fed rate of the world economic development, international trade, monetary policy, financial market stability, especially the fed started in 2022 rate cycle on the stock market, foreign exchange market. Epidemic of the haze to the U. S. economy, rising unemployment, rising prices, and caused inflation, the fed to curb inflation, adopt tightening monetary policy start interest rates cycle, this paper thinks the fed this move also to the global stock market and foreign exchange market caused irreversible negative impact. Based on this, this article suggests that investors act cautiously in uncertain financial environments.

Study on the Impact of Employee Compensation and Benefits System on Employee Innovation and Optimization Strategy

The most direct and practical of the many incentive programs is compensation incentive, particularly total compensation incentive, which also has a high operability. Nevertheless, it is also constrained by the enterprise's overall viability and the cost of its human resources. More remuneration satisfaction does not always translate into better business performance; further research is needed to understand how it works. On the basis of an analysis of local and foreign research data, this paper investigates the connection between employee innovation performance and remuneration satisfaction. It also introduces work engagement as a mediating variable along the path of compensation satisfaction - work engagement - innovation performance. It has been established via empirical study and data analysis that employees' contentment with their salary and related factors can positively impact the link between that relationship and their innovation performance. It demonstrates that following the introduction of the new work engagement perspective, compensation management satisfaction affects innovation performance indirectly through the influence of work engagement. Through the in-depth exploration of its influence mechanism, it offers some guidance for the related enterprises to design the compensation system scientifically to motivate the innovation ability of employees and complements and improves the related theory.

How the little tough man ruled the giants in the Turkish Basketball League

Learning outcomes After reading and analysing the case study, the students would be able to distinguish the leadership styles based on leaders’ traits and behaviours, argue the importance of trust in leader–follower relationships thanks to the real-life examples presented and defend their side on the debate of whether leadership is born or made with the related theories and examples. Case overview/synopsis The teams coached by the successful Turkish basketball coach, Çetin Yılmaz, had reached the finals of the Turkish Basketball League six times and became champions three times. He assumed the coaching position of the Tuborg basketball team in December 2005. Although Tuborg’s Turkey branch made a serious financial investment in basketball, they were at the bottom of the league in the middle of the season. When Yılmaz took over the coaching position, the Tuborg basketball team’s main objective was not to be relegated from the top league in the 2005–2006 season. The team, working very hard, overcame the fear of relegation in two months but still had a very symbolic goal in front of it: winning the most prestigious game of the season by defeating the Karşıyaka team. However, in the last minutes of the game, with the influence of passionate Karşıkaya fans, the Tuborg team got scared and lost the game. At the end of the match, the club president entered the locker room and started shouting at the players, forcing the coach to face a severe dilemma. Either he would remain silent and risk damaging his leading position in the eyes of the players, or he would risk being fired by going against the president, even though he thought the president was right in what he said. Complexity academic level The target audience of this case study is undergraduate students. The field of study is sports management, leadership and coaching. This case study can be used in management, organizational behaviour and sports management courses while covering leadership and coaching topics. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 6: Human resource management.

Relations with/to the Text: Four Plays on the Move

Abstract The Caribbean philosopher and poet Édouard Glissant is not known for his work on theater; rather, he has been influential for a postcolonial reconceptualization of Caribbean spaces and the ways in which they are intertwined with a history of colonization. His theory of relation has been paramount for a rethinking of a concept of connection, theorizing the layered, complex, and often surprising relations between peoples and cultures that have shaped, questioned, imagined, and often also jumbled up the Caribbean as a world in transformation. Glissant views relation as a skein of networks and not as essentialist recovery of an authentic and true point of origin. This article addresses the theoretical transformative possibilities that this approach helps elucidate. I will mainly focus on the production of Simon Stephens’s 2012 The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, an inventive adaptation of Mark Haddon’s 2003 novel that was staged in New York City between 2014 and 2016 to much critical acclaim. Finally, in a comparative approach, I would like to read this production with an eye towards Susanne Kennedy’s 2018 adaptation of Jeffrey Eugenides’s novel The Virgin Suicides (1993) for the Munich Kammerspiele and acclaimed Australian theater director Simon Stone’s 2016 rewrite of Anton Chekhov’s Three Sisters (1901) for the theater in Basel as well as Ulrich Rasche’s inventive 2017 production of Georg Büchner’s Woyzeck.

Between (ir)responsibility and (in)appropriateness: Conceptualizing norm-related state behaviour in the Russian war against Ukraine

Abstract The Russian war against Ukraine has challenged fundamental norms such as sovereignty, non-interference and the prohibition of the use of force. It has led to diverse reactions from the international community. Only very few states sided with Russia, some states remained neutral, while the vast majority condemned the attack and supported Ukraine in its right to self-defence. Thus, although there is no legal obligation, many states display behaviour that goes beyond diplomatic support. They support Ukraine financially and even deliver weapons to support Ukraine in its right to self-defence. In this article, we conceptualize different types of actors’ behaviour in world politics. We distinguish between responsible, irresponsible, appropriate, and inappropriate behaviour. We apply this typology to states’ reaction to the Russian war against Ukraine. The typology enables us to analyse the variation of the responses with reference to norms and responsibility, two core concepts of International Relations (IR) Theory and global politics. Counterintuitively as it might seem, we argue that the support of Ukraine with weapons can be categorized as responsible behaviour as it displays an over-fulfilment of the right to self-defence norm, which leads to the emergence of a new norm: the responsibility to support norm.

Feminism: An Alternative Approach to International Relations

Almost half of the world's population is women, so how can it be possible that any discipline is one-sided or only male-oriented? Similarly, all meta-theories cannot impose rules and regulations on the whole world as international relations theories just by being malevolent. In this case, the only alternative is to foster feminist theory, not ignore them as often occurs in IR theories, which implies demeaning them through various conceptions. This can be considered a one-sided perspective or approach to understand the world, which divides men and women into supremacists and subordinates respectively. Feminist IR, therefore, stands as an alternative approach to understanding the masculine IR that questions it as well as provides ‘reflective theories’ from literature to psychology to history, and has been seeking a safe place in IR for the last four decades as a serious academic discipline. This article will try to examine the feminist theories of the IR discipline as an alternative approach, for which descriptive and analytical method was adopted for this explanatory research. As a result, it has been found that feminist IR has searched out the gap between IR theories and it has been given a new shape to IR discipline in the form of a critical feminist IR theory as an alternate.

Research Supervision as a Spiritual Ministry: A Confluence of Object Relations, Psychodynamics and Grace

Abstract The changes in the pedagogy of research supervision in the university context are now reflected within the practices of theological seminaries and accredited colleges. A neglected analytical framework that could illuminate the supervisory relationship is provided by Winnicott’s Object Relations Theory and Bion and Diamond’s Organizational Psychodynamics, as they interconnect identity, stress and creativity – factors that are germane to the researcher experience. Object Relations also parallels faith development. Given the significant personal investment demanded by research, a crisis of identity for the religious student is simultaneously a crisis of faith. Conversely, a Christian faith experience could sustain the research journey through the appropriation of divine Grace. Some suggestions are provided as to how this could be manifested within the research culture.

The enhanced vertical piezoelectricity in Janus C3HFX (X = Si and Ge) monolayers based on the born effective charges dipole-moment

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials are widely studied, and the vertical piezoelectric properties of 2D materials are highly required to be known in the related theory research works and experiments, so it becomes very important to explore the intrinsic mechanism of piezoelectricity in the 2D materials. Herein, we systematically study the piezoelectricity of Janus C3HFX (X = Si and Ge) monolayers with semiconductor property, which are carbon-based 2D materials, using the first-principles calculation. The remarkable enhancements on the absolute values of the vertical piezoelectric coefficient of C3HFSi-1 (e33 = 11.27 × 10−10 C/m) and C3HFGe-4 (e33 = −12.78 × 10−10 C/m) are larger than that of C4HF (e33 = −2.28 × 10−10 C/m) by 5 and 6 times, respectively. It indicates that the atom replacement at appropriate positions in the multiatomic monolayer can significantly enhance the vertical piezoelectric properties based on the appropriate distribution of polarization charge. We define the concepts, the Born effective charges center (BECs-center) and the BECs-dipole-moment in this work, to explain these large vertical piezoelectric coefficients’ variation. The larger BECs-dipole-moment will enhance the vertical piezoelectricity for these C3HFX monolayers than that of the C4HF monolayer. These concepts defined in this work will deepen the understanding of the internal physical mechanism about the piezoelectricity.

Efficient Multiple Channels EEG Signal Classification Based on Hierarchical Extreme Learning Machine

The human brain can be seen as one of the most powerful processors in the world, and it has a very complex structure with different kinds of signals for monitoring organics, communicating to neurons, and reacting to different information, which allows large developments in observing human sleeping, revealing diseases, reflecting certain motivations of limbs, and other applications. Relative theory, algorithms, and applications also help us to build brain-computer interface (BCI) systems for different powerful functions. Therefore, we present a fast-reaction framework based on an extreme learning machine (ELM) with multiple layers for the ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG) signals classification in motor imagery, showing the advantages in both accuracy of classification and training speed compared with conventional machine learning methods. The experiments are performed on software with the dataset of BCI Competition II with fast training time and high accuracy. The final average results show an accuracy of 93.90% as well as a reduction of 75% of the training time as compared to conventional deep learning and machine learning algorithms for EEG signal classification, also showing its prospects of the improvement of the performance of the BCI system.

An improved TODIM-TOPSIS method for quality evaluation of college students employment and entrepreneurship education with probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets

In recent years, employers have continuously raised their requirements for college students, not only requiring a solid professional foundation, but also emphasizing personal professional literacy. As the first base for cultivating college students, major universities should not only guide them in their correct employment and entrepreneurship, but also help them find employment and entrepreneurship faster and better. However, in the context of the new era, universities still face some problems in the process of carrying out employment and entrepreneurship education, which hinder the progress of employment and entrepreneurship education. The probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets (PHFSs), as an extension of hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs), can more effectively and accurately describe uncertain or inconsistent information during the quality evaluation of college student employment and entrepreneurship education. TODIM and TOPSIS methods are two commonly used multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. The quality evaluation of college student employment and entrepreneurship education is regarded as the defined multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM). This paper proposes a novel method based on TODIM and TOPSIS to cope with multi-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems under PHFSs environment. After introducing the related theory of PHFSs and the traditional TODIM and TOPSIS methods, the novel method based on a combination of TODIM and TOPSIS methods is designed. And then, an illustrative example for quality evaluation of college student employment and entrepreneurship education proved the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. Finally, the result has been compared with some existing methods under the same example and the proposed method’s superiority has been proved.

Real-time pricing based on convex hull method for smart grid with multiple generating units

With the growing demand and complex supply structure for electricity, higher requirements are proposed for generating units to regulate the peak load, resulting in significant increases in the startup cost. These issues bring urgent need to develop new pricing mechanisms. The real-time pricing (RTP) is an ideal pricing mechanism for clipping peak load and balancing supply and demand. This paper designs an RTP mechanism for the smart grid which integrates multiple generating units on the supply side and distributed renewable energy generation devices and energy storage systems on the demand side. Focusing on the interests of both supply and demand sides, a social welfare maximization model that incorporates startup costs of generating units is formulated. To tackle the discontinuity in the proposed model, the convex hull method is utilized to transform the primal model and derive the convex hull price which is widely regarded as an optimal price that can reflect the aggregate cost of generating units but has rarely extended to RTP. The related dual theory indicates that the convex hull price can be obtained by the Lagrange multiplier of the proposed social welfare maximization problem associated with the supply–demand balance constraint. Moreover, a distributed iterative algorithm based on the subgradient projection method is employed to solve the dual problem. Simulation results validate rationality and effectiveness of the proposed pricing mechanism.

Communicative power as a new ideal type in international relations

In international relations theory, civilian and normative power can be seen as the most ambitious attempts to develop a new ideal of actor that is normatively preferable to classical concepts such as great power, empire, and hegemon as it wields power in a different way. However, these attempts fail from a theoretical perspective primarily because the concepts cannot be clearly differentiated from hidden hegemony. Guided by Habermas’ notion of communicative power, this article develops a new ideal type for transnational norm diffusion that escapes the trap of hidden hegemony. This ideal promotes communicative power by: (1) exercising institutional power to enable open and free discourse, (2) abstaining from using compulsory power to impose its own norms but just to guarantee the option of voice and exit for all affected persons, and (3) reducing unconscious structural power, productive power, and soft power through the inclusion of reflexivity and self-criticism. This type of inclusive foreign policy based on self-restraint and reflexivity must originate from solidarity in domestic civil society to gain the trust of others. The concept of communicative power offers an alternative theoretical template to how dominant actors can exercise power in international politics.

Job Stressors and Employee Performance in County Governments in Kenya.

In the majority of devolved County Governments, there has been an increased focus on employee well-being compared to previous years. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the significant impact of the trauma experienced by employees, as they continue to face exceptional demands in order to meet organizational expectations. Consequently, there has been a corresponding rise in performance expectations placed upon employees. The study focused on investing the relationship between job stressors and employee performance in Kenya. The study was anchored on the following specific objectives; -to explore the influence of workplace conflict stress, work ambiguity stress, time stress and workload stress on employee performance in Kenya. The study adopted Hertzberg Two Factor Theory, Mwelford’s performance and Demand theory, Relational theory and Michigan theory. The study targeted 166 employees from selected County Governments. The unit of observation was chief officers, and selected public service board members. The unit of analysis was 166 employees. The study adopted Yamane and stratified random sampling technique to get a sample size of 177 respondents. The researcher used questionnaires as the research instrument. Then data was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively according to the study objectives. Qualitative data was presented in a descriptive form while quantitative data through statistical tables of percentages and frequency. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical programme SPSS V.22. The study results established that workplace conflict stress have a statistically significant and positive effect on employee performance. The results of the regression analysis that are provided that work ambiguity stress has a statistically significant positive effect on employee performance. The findings of the regression analysis indicated a statistically significant positive effect of between time stress and employee performance. The study findings of the regression analysis, there is a statistically significant and positive association between workload stress and employee performance. The study recommends that several factors that contribute to stress, as highlighted in the study. These factors include workplace conflict stress, work ambiguity stress, time stress and workload stress. The study recommends that the provision of assistance and encouragement from head of departments, supervisors and coworkers plays a significant role in mitigating stress related to management and work relationships. This study recommends that using formal corporate communication practices might effectively reduce relationship strain and alleviate management stress by minimizing work ambiguity. The presence of open communication offers a distinct advantage in the resolution of conflicts that may arise between supervisors and subordinates.

On looking into The Ego and the Id 100 years after its publication

ABSTRACT Freud's publication of The Ego and the Id sparked a diverging set of psychoanalytic models - ego psychology, structural conflict theory, Kleinianism, object relations theories, Lacanianism, etc. - each of which attempted to deal with the clinical limitations of his first topography in regard to unconscious guilt, negative therapeutic reactions and primitive character organizations. This paper attempts to look back on these developments from the perspective of contemporary, post-Freudian psychoanalytic theories.

Linguistic Characteristics of Slogans in Professional Discourse

This research paper intends to analyze and identify the role of slogans and their linguistic characteristics in professional discourse. As far as we are concerned, the usage of the word in the slogan text is so meaningful. In most cases, the meaning of the word in the slogan has a figurative meaning and serves commercial purposes in professional discourse. A wide range of English slogans as the object of the research found in different professional discourses has been analyzed in this research. We would like to explain the formulation of the problem.1. What are the most commons figurative language used by the producer in making an English slogan seen from the figurative language and stylistics?2. And What are the meanings of the slogans used in an advertisement in professional discourse?3. This research paper focuses on the qualitative method as well as the quantitative one. The collected data of English slogans advertising from English newspapers or English magazines are analyzed qualitatively based on related theories or approaches, such as Semantics and stylistics.

Mediation of work-family support and affective commitment between family supportive supervisor Behaviour and workplace deviance

Employees' Workplace Deviant Behavior (WDB) is an organizational threat to its sustainability. This study examines the impact of the supervisors’ role in improving organizational behavior because of the gap in the body of knowledge indicating the inconsistency, paucity, and uncertainties of relationships between variables when relating to their underpinning theories. The conceptualized model consists of the impact of family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) on workers' workplace deviant behavior (WDB) while considering Affective Commitment and Work-Family Supportive Behavior Attribution between the key variables. In terms of methodology, this quantitative study analyzed 321 valid surveys through descriptive and inferential statistics to ascertain if FSSB negatively impacts employees' WDB. As findings and novelty of this study, FSSB is found to negatively affect employees' WDB, while affective commitment mediates between FSSB and employees' WDB. Work-family supportive behavior attribution and personal life attribution of employees moderated the negative relationship between affective commitment and WDB, while work productivity attribution of employees had no significant effect as a moderator. With three (out of four) hypotheses supported by empirical evidence, this research has broadened previous studies of workers' WDB and offers organizations theoretical and practical recommendations for managing employees' WDB. More studies could be conducted in the future to address limitations in this research, examine other related theories in a new context, location, and/or culture, or select other suitable research methods.

The feebleminded and unfit should not have babies – American eugenics in K.D. Alden’s A Mother’s Promise

ABSTRACT The concept of eugenics took an exclusionary and abusive turn in the first decades of the twentieth century, when prominent lawyers, scientists and first-wave feminists championed the cause. Indiana’s 1907 eugenicist ruling was adopted by thirty-two states, and consequently forced sterilizations were performed on whomever lawmakers considered unworthy of bearing children. The most notorious case of sterilization, Buck v. Bell, was performed on Carrie Buck, a victim of rape. K. D. Alden’s novel, A Mother’s Promise (2021), is a fictional rendering of the story, which depicts the fractures of American legal and social structures. By drawing Ruth-Ann Riley’s portrait, Buck’s fictional counterpart, it convincingly exposes America’s restrictive practices. This paper aims at exploring, through a feminist perspective, Riley’s struggle against overbearing eugenicist practices, performed by pseudo-scientists and lawyers who utilized eugenics to promote their professional and economic interests. Additionally, based on Foucault’s theory of power-knowledge relations, the paper demonstrates how, within this context, power and knowledge sustain each other. Finally, it relates the ethical issues concerning misogynistic practices and objectifying women’s bodies that were at stake one hundred years ago to twenty-first-century feminist discourse with respect to the #MeToo movement and the overturning of the Roe v. Wade decision.

The curvilinear relation between coworker knowledge hiding and employee job crafting

Drawing on relative deprivation theory, we explored the mechanism for the influence of coworker knowledge hiding on employee job crafting and the moderating role of supervisor developmental feedback from the perspective of status competition. Thus, we tested the tripartite interpersonal interactions among knowledge-hiding individuals, knowledge-seeking employees, and supervisors. We conducted a two-wave time-lagged study on 354 employees who worked for Chinese owned and operated companies in China. We found that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between coworker knowledge hiding and employee job crafting, in which an employee's sense of relative deprivation played a mediating role. Furthermore, supervisor developmental feedback negatively moderated the relationship between coworker knowledge hiding and an employee's sense of relative deprivation. To increase the level of employee job crafting, managers should pay attention to the degree of employeeâ–™s sense of relative deprivation and attempt to moderate that by providing supervisor developmental feedback.