Related Statements Research Articles

The effect of Patient\u2019s Own Medication use on patient\u2019s self-reported medication knowledge during hospitalisation: a pre-post intervention study

BackgroundImproving patient’s medication knowledge and consequently medication use is essential for optimal treatment outcomes. As patient knowledge about medication is currently suboptimal, interventions to optimise medication knowledge are necessary. Implementation of Patient’s Own Medication (POM) in which patients bring their outpatient medication to the hospital, and nurses administer these during admission, may increase medication knowledge. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of POM use on self-reported medication knowledge of hospitalised patients compared to standard care. Patient’s sense of medication safety, attitude to the provision of information, and to inpatient medication use were studied in both standard care and during POM use too.MethodIn this nationwide intervention study perceived medication knowledge was assessed with a questionnaire pre and post implementing POM use. The questionnaire assessed perceived medication knowledge at admission and discharge, medication safety during hospitalisation, the provision of information during hospitalisation and at discharge, and inpatient medication use during hospitalisation. Patients’ answers were categorised into positive and negative/neutral. The proportion of patients with adequate medication knowledge, in the standard care and POM use group at hospital admission and discharge, were calculated and compared with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsAmong the 731 patients (393 received standard care and 338 POM) who completed the questionnaire (80.2%), POM use seemed to be positively associated with self-reported knowledge on how to use medication at discharge (adjusted OR: 3.22 [95% CI 2.01–5.16]). However, for the other two knowledge related statements POM use was not associated. Medication knowledge at admission was the most important variable associated with perceived medication knowledge at discharge. The majority perceived POM use to be safer (52.9% of standard care patients versus 74.0% POM users; P < 0.01), POM users knew better which medicines they still used during hospitalisation (85.8% versus 92.3% resp.; P = 0.01), and most patients preferred POM use regardless of having experienced it (68.2% versus 82.2% resp.; P < 0.01).ConclusionPOM use positively affects patient’s medication knowledge about how to use medication and patients’ perception of medication safety. With POM use more patients have a positive attitude towards the provision of information. The majority of patients prefer POM use. In conclusion, POM use seems a valuable intervention and requires further investigation.

Strategy Adjustments of the United States and the European Union vis-à-vis China: Democratic Global Power Identities and Fluid Polygonal Relations

How are the European Union and its individual member states positioning themselves within the intensifying trade war and power struggles between Washington and Beijing? Does the fact that both the United States and the EU have recently updated their strategic approach to China and continuously underline their democratic regime patterns and support for like-minded systems—contrasted with Beijing as a perceived promoter of an illiberal world order—imply a return of “Cold War” system antagonism? Could this also result in a reemergence of strategic triangles? Shedding light on Washington’s expression of active support for Taiwan (and Hong Kong) and EUrope’s related position statements, this article concludes that these emerging constellations would best be described as strategic polygonal relationships. While the EU Commission seeks to formulate a common foreign and security strategy, the various EU member states are defining their distinct positions within the new global power matrix emerging between Washington and Beijing.

Current Choices and Management of Treatment in Persons with Severe Hemophilia A without Inhibitors: A Mini-Delphi Consensus.

Background. Regular treatment to prevent bleeding and consequent joint deterioration (prophylaxis) is the standard of care for persons with severe hemophilia A, traditionally based on intravenous infusions of the deficient clotting FVIII concentrates (CFCs). In recent years, extended half-life (EHL) CFCs and the non-replacement agent emicizumab, subcutaneously administered, have reduced the treatment burden. Methods. To compare and integrate the opinions on the different therapies available, eight hemophilia specialists were involved in drafting items of interest and relative statements through the Estimate-Talk-Estimate (ETE) method (“mini-Delphi”), in this way reaching consensus. Results. Eighteen items were identified, then harmonized to 10, and a statement was generated for each. These statements highlight the importance of personalized prophylaxis regimens. CFCs, particularly EHL products, seem more suitable for this, despite the challenging intravenous (i.v.) administration. Limited real-world experience, particularly in some clinical settings, and the lack of evidence on long-term safety and efficacy of non-replacement agents, require careful individual risk/benefit assessment and multidisciplinary data collection. Conclusions. The increased treatment options extend the opportunities of personalized prophylaxis, the mainstay of modern management of hemophilia. Close, long-term clinical and laboratory follow-up of patients using newer therapeutic approaches by specialized hemophilia treatment centers is needed.

Bringing diversity – Institutional thoughts on newly arrived students in a newly diverse Swedish school

The aim of this article is to contribute knowledge about how newly arrived students are perceived as bringing diversity, and how that relates to the potential to be included in a newly diverse Swedish school. The research questions guiding the analysis are 1. How are the newly arrived students perceived in the teachers’ statements in relation to diversity and inclusion? 2. How can the teachers’ statements on this be understood in relation to Ahmed's concept of institutional thought? Theoretically, the analysis in this article draws on the work of Sara Ahmed, specifically institutional thought, which refers to routines and norms within an organisation. The study was carried out through qualitative interviews with nine teachers at a newly diverse, countryside upper secondary school. The results of the analysis show that the teachers view is that students already at the school were lacking experiences of diversity, while the newly arrived students added diversity merely by being there. Further, the analysis indicates that the students already at the school become the hosts, and the newly arrived students become guests who by all intents and purposes are welcome but remain guests within the organisation. If diversity is identified as a property of “others”, then this view on newly arrived students as bringing diversity is in line with the institutional thought. But as Ahmed (2012) points out, when diversity can be achieved by adding people to the institution simply to be diverse, the result may be that nothing really changes within the institution.

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM IN PROCESSING SALES TRANSACTION AT PT. DAIHATSU ASTRA MOTOR SISINGAMANGARAJA

This study aims to examine the sales accounting information system implemented by PT Daihatsu Astra Motor Sisingamangaraja. Then it can be identified whether the information system has been implemented according to the right internal control structure or not and to determine the company's development through financial ratios that are limited to the sales department. This type of research is a case study, which contains exposure or relevant data from the results of research on the object. Qualitative methods are used in flowchart analysis and quantitative methods are used to calculate financial ratios that are limited to sales. Primary data is data that comes from the original source and is collected specifically for the purposes of the research being conducted. Secondary data is data produced by companies such as financial statements and accounting records. Data collection methods are interviews and direct observation. The results of this study are overall PT Daihatsu Astra Motor Sisingamangaraja has carried out car sales activities, spare parts / spare parts and service services with an accounting information system in accordance with the components of the internal control structure model. The majority of transactions that occurred at PT Daihatsu Astra Motor Sisingamangaraja actually decreased, this was due to the author's limitations in obtaining related financial statement information. Thus, it can be concluded that the accounting information system applied by the company is mostly appropriate and effective because it is appropriate so that it can support internal sales control.

Student views of a PBL chemistry laboratory in a general education science course

Several traditional chemistry lab experiences were replaced with a problem-based learning (PBL) experience in a college, general education, conceptual chemistry course. Students worked in small groups on an authentic chemistry problem where each student played a different role (Scientist, Engineering, Marketing Manager, Safety Officer, or Secretary). Mid-semester, the pandemic forced the course online. Q methodology [Q] was used to determine the divergent viewpoints that existed amongst the students regarding their PBL experience. Each student provided their view by sorting related statements into a grid. Three divergent viewpoints emerged from the analyses Two viewpoints are positive about the PBL experience (Motivated learners and Committed to my group) and one is negative (Negative experience due to group dynamics). Descriptions of these views and implications are discussed.

Independent Accountant’s Review Report

Independent Accountant’s Review Report

Non-abelian anyons and some cousins of the Arad–Herzog conjecture

Long ago, Arad and Herzog (AH) conjectured that, in finite simple groups, the product of two conjugacy classes of length greater than one is never a single conjugacy class. We discuss implications of this conjecture for non-abelian anyons in 2 + 1-dimensional discrete gauge theories. Thinking in this way also suggests closely related statements about finite simple groups and their associated discrete gauge theories. We prove these statements and provide some physical intuition for their validity. Finally, we explain that the lack of certain dualities in theories with non-abelian finite simple gauge groups provides a non-trivial check of the AH conjecture.

The development of an explanatory model for voluntary medical male circumcision in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

BackgroundKwaZulu-Natal (KZN) remains the epicentre of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic in South Africa. The incidence of HIV infection in KZN necessitates cost-effective strategies to curb the spread of infection. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been adopted as an additional biomedical preventive strategy since 2010 in line with recommendations from the World Health Organization. Despite several attempts to scale-up VMMC to reach age specific targets to achieve immediate aversion of infections, the uptake of VMMC remains sub-optimal, particularly in KZN. The purpose of this study is to describe the processes that were followed in developing, describing and evaluating an explanatory model for VMMC in KZN, South Africa.MethodsA qualitative theory-generative phenomenographic study design was used to analyse the qualitative differences in primary healthcare stakeholders’ experiences, understanding and conceptions of VMMC in KZN, South Africa. The emerging results informed the development of the VMMC explanatory model for KZN, South Africa. The model development process followed four steps, namely (1) concept analysis, (2) construction of relational statements, (3) model description and (4) model evaluation. The criteria of relevance for the target audience – applicability, clarity, user friendliness and originality of work – were used to evaluate the model.ResultsThe model’s central premise is that the decision to undergo VMMC is shaped by a complex interplay of factors in the context or external environment of males (the extrinsic variable), which influences specific experiences, conceptions and understanding regarding VMMC (the influential/intrinsic variables). These collectively determine men’s responses to VMMC (the outcome variable).ConclusionThe model describes the process by which contextual, extrinsic and intrinsic variables interact to determine an individual male’s response to VMMC, thus providing a guide to primary healthcare providers on care, practice and policy interventions to support the uptake of VMMC in the rural primary healthcare context of KZN, South Africa.

Intraoperative Management of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Expert Consensus Statement From the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists-Part I, Technical Aspects of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to support patients with refractory cardiopulmonary failure. Given ECMO's increased use in adults and the fact that many ECMO patients are cared for by anesthesiologists, the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists ECMO working group created an expert consensus statement that is intended to help anesthesiologists manage adult ECMO patients who are cared for in the operating room. In the first part of this 2-part series, technical aspects of ECMO are discussed, and related expert consensus statements are provided.

Intraoperative Management of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: an Expert Consensus Statement From the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists—Part I, Technical Aspects of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to support patients with refractory cardiopulmonary failure. Given ECMO's increased use in adults and the fact that many ECMO patients are cared for by anesthesiologists, the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists ECMO working group created an expert consensus statement that is intended to help anesthesiologists manage adult ECMO patients who are cared for in the operating room. In the first part of this 2-part series, technical aspects of ECMO are discussed, and related expert consensus statements are provided.

A conceptual model of nurses\u2019 workplace social capital: a theory synthesis

BackgroundResearch has confirmed the importance of workplace social capital in the nursing workforce. Integration of the empirical evidence about nurses’ workplace social capital into a scientific collection can provide a comprehensive presentation of this concept. This scientific collection can be a conduit for further research and advancement of nursing management and leadership. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to discuss the process of developing a conceptual model of nurses’ workplace social capital, an effective and concise approach to illustrate a scientific phenomenon.MethodsThe model of nurses’ workplace social capital was developed following Walker and Avant’s strategy of theory synthesis. Empirical evidence relevant to nurses’ workplace social capital was synthesized by systematically examining the existing literature. PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched periodically from October 2017 to July 2020.ResultsOur proposed conceptual model lays out the determinants and outcomes of nurses’ workplace social capital and specifies the relational statements among these concepts. Nurses’ workplace social capital is influenced by the organizational and individual determinants shaped by multiple layers of sub-concepts. The development and implementation of nurses’ workplace social capital has three themes of consequences: 1) nurses’ outcomes; 2) patients’ outcomes; and 3) organizational outcomes. All the concepts and statements have been organized and aligned with the principles of “inventory of determinants or results” and “theoretical blocks”.ConclusionOur theoretical synthesis offers a comprehensive picture of the current knowledge of nurses’ workplace social capital. Efforts should be dedicated to evaluating, revising, and revamping this newly developed model based on future empirical evidence. Our synthesized conceptual model is the segue to more comprehensive studies about nurses’ workplace social capital. Interventional programs for the development of social capital can be structured based on the identified determinants.

Visualizing Information Diffusion and Polarization with Key Statements

This paper reports ongoing work in the “Networks of Texts and People” project, which is developing methods to visualize the social and epistemological contexts of information contained in blogs. Here, we propose an approach to visualize information diffusion and polarization in the blogosphere, with two novel characteristics. Firstly, we demonstrate how text content can be analyzed and visualized as key statements, rather than as keywords. Secondly, we sketch and discuss ideas for a visual analytic tool that integrates data about blog networks with data about the occurrence of related key statements in blog posts.

Social Science Solutions for the Systems Engineer: What's Needed

AbstractThere have been many calls for systems engineering to bring the social sciences into systems engineering practice and research, as systems engineers have a host of issues in their practice that could benefit from engaging in a number of social science disciplines. With an organizational case study, this paper describes the problems in systems engineering practices stemming from social systems. Need statements collected from participants highlight what is needed for a social systems primer. The needs can be categorized into three broad themes: (1) A better understanding how social systems are different from technological systems; (2) How, therefore, social science theories and methods can improve our tailoring of systems engineering to different circumstances; and finally (3) how the findings from the social sciences can help engineers, as individuals, be more effective in their work. We discuss these need statements in relation to the development of the Social Systems Primer.

Discontinuous Solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi Equations Versus Radon Measure-Valued Solutions of Scalar Conservation Laws: Disappearance of Singularities

Let H be a bounded and Lipschitz continuous function. We consider discontinuous viscosity solutions of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation \(U_{t}+H(U_x)=0\) and signed Radon measure valued entropy solutions of the conservation law \(u_{t}+[H(u)]_x=0\). After having proved a precise statement of the formal relation \(U_x=u\), we establish estimates for the (strictly positive!) times at which singularities of the solutions disappear. Here singularities are jump discontinuities in case of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation and signed singular measures in case of the conservation law.

Position paper on liver and kidney diseases from the Italian Association for the Study of Liver (AISF), in collaboration with the Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN)

Liver and kidney are strictly connected in a reciprocal manner, in both the physiological and pathological condition. The Italian Association for the Study of Liver, in collaboration with the Italian Society of Nephrology, with this position paper aims to provide an up-to-date overview on the principal relationships between these two important organs.A panel of well-recognized international expert hepatologists and nephrologists identified five relevant topics: 1) The diagnosis of kidney damage in patients with chronic liver disease; 2) Acute kidney injury in liver cirrhosis; 3) Association between chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease; 4) Kidney damage according to different etiology of liver disease; 5) Polycystic kidney and liver disease. The discussion process started with a review of the literature relating to each of the five major topics and clinical questions and related statements were subsequently formulated. The quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were graded according to the GRADE system.The statements presented here highlight the importance of strong collaboration between hepatologists and nephrologists for the management of critically ill patients, such as those with combined liver and kidney impairment.

Trayectorias de producción científica y conciliación familiar de mujeres investigadoras en Quito

The scientific production of female researchers at the universities of Quito is analyzed in this study through the axes of working conditions, public and institutional policies and limitations for the development of scientific production. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between scientific production and family conciliation of women researchers from different areas of knowledge, problematizing the notion of scientific field with personal trajectories based on gender. Regarding the methodology, it is a qualitative study. Six in-depth interviews and a focus group with six participants were conducted. The analysis strategy being the analysis of the discourse organized by statements in relation to the categories indicated as axes.

The emergence of creativity as an academic discipline: Examining the institutionalization of higher education programs

AbstractAs a result of globalization and the digital revolution, the concept of creativity has become increasingly central to education policy and practice. On the one hand, the calls for creativity are driven by an economic imperative. The argument is that there has been a shift from an industrial‐based economy to a knowledge‐based economy to a creative economy. The calls for creativity are also driven by the social and personal development of individuals, approaching the concept more holistically. The increasing importance attached to the creativity concept has already resulted in the growth of the degree‐, certificate‐ and award‐bearing programs across higher education institutions. Building on a social constructivist perspective and adopting critical discourse analysis, this study examines how universities approach the conceptualization and institutionalization of the concept of creativity by undertaking content analysis of creativity related program mission statements and curriculum materials.

A Proposed Theory of Symptom Cluster Management.

Symptom cluster management is in its early stages in many chronic and debilitating illnesses. The development of a proposed theory should be an initial step in advancing this area of interest. This article presents the development of a Proposed Theory of Symptom Cluster Management. The concept analysis, statement synthesis, and theory synthesis by Walker and Avant were used in the development of this proposed theory. A search from July to September 2020 for published empirical and theoretical articles was conducted in scientific databases, expanded on the web, and secondary references from identified articles. The Proposed Theory of Symptom Cluster Management is both a descriptive and explanatory theory. The defining characteristics of symptom cluster management include the basic and effectiveness components. Antecedents for symptom cluster management include socio-demographic characteristics, symptom cluster characteristics, individual clinical characteristics, individual illness factors, and situational factors or symptom experience. The consequences are clustered as personal-related, health-related, social-related outcomes, and existential outcomes. Measurement tools for the antecedents and outcomes in symptom cluster management and the analytical and statistical strategies were considered. Relational statements were also identified. Theoretical assertions were advanced. The Proposed Theory of Symptom Cluster Management may provide a holistic approach because it integrates both the symptom cluster and management strategies. The concepts, statements including the complete representation of the proposed theory identified in this article, may provide cues to policymakers and clinical researchers towards the development of tailored interventions and programs.

A Protestant Response to “Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World”

ABSTRACT This article sets forth a Protestant response to three key aspects of the Holy and Great Council’s “Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World” and related statements: (1) the Council’s understanding of ecumenical relations, (2) its vision of God’s transfiguration of all reality, and (3) the relation between theological reflection and church practice. The article concludes that Protestants will learn from the Council’s vision of world transfiguration, even as they disagree with some of the ecclesiological implications that the Council draws from this vision.