Related Disciplines Research Articles

Fault-Tolerance and Reliability for Dependable Systems

In this analysis, we look into the factors that contribute to fault-tolerance and dependability in operational systems. Visual effects production and post-production processes rely significantly on technology and automation, making reliable systems essential to the operation of the industry. In order to improve system performance and dependability, this research examines the existing literature on fault-tolerance and reliability for dependable systems and identifies numerous strategies, techniques, and approaches. In order to guarantee the dependability of complex systems, the study concludes that fault-tolerant control systems, redundancy-based approaches, adaptive control methods, consensus algorithms, and failure detection algorithms are essential. Model-based approaches, fault-tree analysis, and Markov models are all highlighted as crucial to the examination of system dependability in this paper. The findings of this study have considerable consequences for the domains of visual effects and related disciplines, as they provide valuable insights and recommendations for enhancing the dependability and performance of such systems. The study concludes with several recommendations for further study, including the creation of new fault-tolerant algorithms, the examination of system reliability in a variety of contexts, and the incorporation of machine learning and AI into such systems.

Legal battles and legal resources viewed from a geographical perspective

Social struggles involving the means of law have gained more and more importance and public attention in recent years. The empirical subjects of human geography do also not remain untouched by these processes. In many legal battle fields, the spatial dimensions of litigation strategies are obvious. At the same time, explicit conceptualizations of the nexus of law, space and strategy remain a blank space in geography and related disciplines. The article offers a conceptual discussion of legal battles by enriching approaches on law, space and strategy with a geographical perspective. The main contribution of the article is the presentation of what we call a ‘typology of geographical-juridical resources’. Such a typology may provide a new starting point for further conceptual, methodological, and empirical discussion of legal battles from a geographical perspective.

«СОЮЗ» ХУДОЖНИКА С НЕЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМ АГЕНТОМ – УТОПИЯ ИЛИ РАБОЧАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА?

The subject of the article: works of contemporary art created by non-human agents, on the example of which one can analyze the ways of interaction of contemporary artists with non-trivial media (algorithms, robots, "half-life artists", etc.). The object of the article: the impact of technological innovations on contemporary art production, as well as the need, in connection with the artist's appeal to science and the latest technologies, to rethink the goals and objectives of communication through images and the very concept of art. The purpose of the project: to update the information for the scientific world about the strategies of interaction between a human artist and a non-human agent, as well as about the nature of this interaction. Results of the work: the study showed that the creation of a work of art (both physical and as part of a post-production strategy, as a re-significance) – despite the criticism of anthropocentrism by representatives of the Actor-Network Theory and individual media theorists, should still be understood as purposeful activity inherent in a human, but not in a non-human agent. Appeal to non-human agents can be considered within the framework of the paradigm of "assistive technologies" and "chimerical" actor. Scope of the results: expanding the boundaries of the application of art history methodology and related disciplines, which contributes to the development of a language for describing the phenomena of contemporary art in the interdisciplinary field of modern media, in particular, in the dynamically developing field of art & science. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, key trends were identified that determine the nature of our interaction with the other in the process of creating a work of art and interacting with it.

Digital Morphology: The Final Frontier

Morphology is central to biological anthropology and its allied fields of anatomical sciences, forensics, and other related disciplines. Many biological anthropology students have their first real foray into the discipline after completing a course in osteology, craniometry, or vertebrate morphology. Unfortunately, the natural history collections that support this type of research and training have not grown. Many countries have strict rules about natural history specimen collections, and these collections seem to be concentrated in a few developed countries, regardless of where the specimens had been collected. Thus, access to comparative material can be problematic where such collections are not readily available. Even if collections are available, accessing them can be severely restricted due to external circumstances, as the prolonged pandemic has shown. Luckily, digital morphology has emerged over the last decade as a new field that stands to change the landscape of specimenbased research and training. Concerted 2D and 3D digitization efforts, the emergence of online aggregate specimen repositories, and availability of comprehensive open-source software tools (such as 3D Slicer) for utilizing these resources has conveniently transformed the field of quantitative and comparative morphology. In this brief review, I will focus explicitly on the 3D Slicer ecosystem and how it can be leveraged as part of a curriculum or research program on digital morphology. In a nutshell, the primary differentiator of the 3D Slicer is not that it is just free but that it is open-source and extensible, making access to digital data more equitable for everyone. I will particularly focus on the 3D Slicer’s SlicerMorph extension, which facilitates 3D geometric morphometric data collection and analysis within the Slicer ecosystem, so all the steps in the digital morphology workflow from import, visualization, and data collection to visualizing the morpho-space can be achieved in a single, well-documented environment.

Editorial

“eco.mont – Journal of Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management” was founded as a joint initiative of the Alpine Network of Protected Areas (ALPARC), the International Scientific Committee on Research in the Alps (ISCAR), the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the University of Innsbruck. “eco.mont” offers a platform specifically for scientists and practitioners working in and on protected mountain areas in Europe and overseas. Target audiences of the journal are scientists from all related disciplines, managers of protected areas and an interested public including practitioners, visitors, teachers, etc.“eco.mont” is available by open access under CC BY-NC-ND-Licence from the Austrian Academy Press and in a printed version from Innsbruck University Press. Alpine protected areas play a key role in biodiversity conservation, but also in monitoring species and habitats. Since its first issue, eco.mont has published articles on long-term monitoring programmes in different areas of the Alps. The current issue covers a wide range of topics concerning protected areas globally. Geographically, the articles cover protected areas in the Alps, the Himalayas, Southern Siberia and the Italian island of Sardinia. The subjects discussed include anthropogenic sounds and their influence on outdoor recreation, sacred larch trees as cultural monuments, firewood as a natural resource, sustainable regional development in a natural park and Biosphere Reserve on Sardinia, a glimpse into the EuroMAB Conference 2022 in Carynthia, Austria, the influence of historic and current land-use changes on wetland habitats, the development of the small-mammal fauna in the Swiss National Park in the last 100 years, and the conservation of endemic species in the Yarlung Zangbo river basin in Tibet.

ЛОКАЛЬНА ТА РЕГІОНАЛЬНА ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В КУЛЬТУРНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ПОКУТТЯ

This scientific article delves into the analysis of the intricate relationship between local and regional identity within the cultural milieu of Pokuttia. It sheds light on the processes of differentiation and identification that occur within this particular region. Notably, the understanding of the terms "local" and "regional" is contingent upon the scales of the spatial plane where these phenomena are juxtaposed within the realm of cultural geography. A pioneering interdisciplinary approach in cultural regional studies has brought forth a comprehensive examination of various cultural peculiarities specific to the Pokuttia region. These peculiarities encompass elements such as toponyms and the local language prevalent in the Pokuttian area, and their intricate interplay with other social aspects of the region's vibrant life. Through this multidisciplinary lens, a deeper understanding of the intricate tapestry of the region's cultural landscape has been attained. The essence of the discourse is the pivotal role that place assumes as the spatial foundation of local identity. Place emerges as a significant constituent imbued with its own set of symbolic, historical, and ideological attributes. It serves as a profound backdrop against which the nuances of local identity are shaped and expressed. Consequently, the profound interconnection between place and identity becomes a cornerstone for comprehending the complex dynamics within the Pokuttian cultural space. Moreover, this research affirms the inseparable link between local identity and the individual as the principal agent of spatial social reality. The individual, by infusing meaning into a particular place, distinguishes it as either "one's own" or "foreign." This dichotomy is primarily informed by a profound sense of uniqueness and a conscious choice in self-identification within the overarching global context. The interplay among place, individual, and society emerges as the fundamental constituents representing the fabric of local identity – an intricate construct encompassing both personal and collective consciousness within the broader paradigm of cultural space. The insights provided in this article offer valuable contributions to the understanding of the intricate interplay between local and regional identity within the unique cultural context of Pokuttia. Scholars and researchers in the fields of cultural studies, geography, and related disciplines will find these findings pertinent to their exploration of identity dynamics and cultural diversity in various regional contexts

Između pejzaža i hiperobjekata - mapiranje viskoziteta borske flotacione jalovine

In contemporary architecture and related disciplines, the understanding of landscape is undergoing transformative changes due to ecological emergencies. Rather than perceiving landscape as a static form, it is regarded as an open process, suggesting its complete comprehension may be elusive. Consequently, alternative models that surpass traditional picturesque representations are emerging within the field of landscape representation. Furthermore, different theoretical frameworks are being employed to grasp the supposed geological epoch of the Anthropocene. Object-oriented ontology (OOO) is a framework that falls under the speculative realism school of thought. Within this theoretical lens, Timothy Morton introduces the concept of hyperobjects, referring to entities that transcend spatial and temporal boundaries and profoundly impact life on Earth. Hyperobjects manifest through diverse phenomena such as global warming, radioactive materials, nuclear waste, pollution, etc. They possess five defining characteristics: viscosity, nonlocality, time undulation, interobjectivity and phasing that may be further interpreted in the architectural discipline. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on hyperobjects and their essential characteristics while exploring their connections to various architectural landscape concepts. Moreover, it seeks to conduct a design-driven research experiment focused on an alternative viscosity representation in Bor, a flotation tailing in Eastern Serbia.

Are there disciplinary boundaries in the comparative study of primate cognition?

A view continues to gain momentum that regards investigation of the cognition of great apes in captive settings as affording us a model for human cognitive evolution. Researchers from disciplines such as comparative psychology, anthropology, and even archaeology, seem eager to put their theories to the test by using great apes as their chosen experimental model. Questions addressed currently by comparative psychologists have long been the object of attention by neurophysiologists, psychobiologists and neuroscientists, who, however, often use rodents and monkeys as the species of choice. Whereas comparative psychology has been influenced greatly by ethology, much neuroscience has developed against a background of physiology and medicine. This separation of the intellectual contexts wherein they have arisen and flourished has impeded the development of fluid interaction between comparative psychologists and researchers in the other disciplines. We feel that it would be beneficial for comparative psychologists and neuroscientists to combine research endeavours far more often, in order to address common questions of interest related to cognition. We regard interdisciplinary cross-pollination to be particularly desirable, even if many comparative psychologists lack deep expertise about the workings of the brain, and even if many neuroscientists lack expert knowledge about the behaviour of different species. Furthermore, we believe that anthropology, archaeology, human evolutionary studies, and related disciplines, may well provide us with significant contextual knowledge about the physical and temporal background to the evolution in humans of specific cognitive skills. To that end, we urge researchers to dismantle methodological, conceptual and historical disciplinary boundaries, in order to strengthen cross-disciplinary cooperation in order to broaden and deepen our insights into the cognition of nonhuman and human primates.

Traditionalism in the Oriental Dimension

The article analyzes the concept of “traditionalism”, identified by St. Petersburg scientists as a subject of oriental studies. The need to clarify the status of the discipline arose in connection with its reorientation in the early 2000s to the study of the modern East. If earlier sources for orientalists were written monuments on history, philosophy, law, etc., exported by pioneers and stored in the funds of Europe (London, Paris, Berlin, etc.), as well as St. Petersburg, now the object of research is the living cultures of the East. Ethnography and sociocultural anthropology (ethnology) are also involved in their study. These are related disciplines, however, if the former is more related to, description of the peoples exploring the specific manifestations of ethno-cultural phenomena: customs, rituals, beliefs, symbols, etc., then anthropology with comparative ethnology, the formulation of theoretical and methodological approaches for their study. “Tradition”, from the point of view of the author, since Antiquity has been closely correlated with politics and the aspirations of the elites. In the era of the Enlightenment, this concept acquired an ambivalent content: progressives treated it negatively, considering it an obstacle to the historical development of society, their opponents, on the contrary, believed that it was tradition that ensures the uniqueness of society in the process of its evolution. A similar attitude to tradition is retained in scientific discourse today, it is devoid of scientific content, but is an axiological category. The attitude to tradition is almost the main “bone of contention” in the modern confrontation between East and West. The author proposes an understanding of traditionalism that excludes the absolutization of both universalism (progressivism) and uniqueness in the understanding of tradition, which, from his point of view, corresponds to the principle of scientific character. Keywords: oriental studies, sociocultural anthropology, ethnography, tradition, traditionalism, methodology, the East.

Photoinduced activation of alkyl chlorides.

In recent years, the activation of unactivated alkyl chlorides through light-induced processes has emerged as a promising field in radical chemistry, and has led to new transformations in organic synthesis. Direct utilization of alkyl chlorides as C(sp3)-hybridized electrophiles enables the facile construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Furthermore, recent studies in medicinal chemistry indicate that their presence is associated with high levels of success in clinical trials. This review summarizes the recent advances in the photoinduced activation of unactivated alkyl chlorides and discusses the mechanistic aspects underlying these reactions. We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of unactivated chemical bond functionalization, and inspire considerable developments in organic chemistry, drug synthesis, materials science and other related disciplines.

ГЕОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ ГУСИНООЗЕРСКОЙ И СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ ВПАДИН ЗАПАДНОГО ЗАБАЙКАЛЬЯ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ АРХИВНЫХ ДАННЫХ ВЭЗ

The paper presents the reinterpretation results of vertical electrical soundings unique archival data performed in depressions of West Transbaikalia (Gusinoozerskaya, Ubukunskaya, Orongoyskaya, Ivolginskaya depressions). The relevance of this paper is due to the not fully understood deep structure of Mesozoic depression; thicknesses and electrical resistivities of individual rock complexes, characteristics of multidirectional fault dislocations, relief of basement are undefined. Sections of measurement profiles are constructed on the basis of 1D interpretation and two-dimensional inversion of VES data. Disjunctive dislocations are identified, many of which are consistent with geological data, and previously unknown faults have also been identified. Clarification of the structure of depressions located almost on the border of the Baikal rift zone is of undoubted interest to a wide range of specialists in both geological, geophysical and related disciplines, it is important for studies of seismic safety, geodynamics and mineral prospecting.

Data Science for Social Good

Data science has been described as the fourth paradigm of scientific discovery. The latest wave of data science research, pertaining to machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), is growing exponentially and garnering millions of annual citations. However, this growth has been accompanied by a diminishing emphasis on social good challenges—our analysis reveals that the proportion of data science research focusing on social good is less than it has ever been. At the same time, the proliferation of machine learning and generative AI has sparked debates about the sociotechnical prospects and challenges associated with data science for human flourishing, organizations, and society. Against this backdrop, we present a framework for “data science for social good” (DSSG) research that considers the interplay between relevant data science research genres, social good challenges, and different levels of sociotechnical abstraction. We perform an analysis of the literature to empirically demonstrate the paucity of work on DSSG in information systems (and other related disciplines) and highlight current impediments. We then use our proposed framework to introduce the articles appearing in the JAIS special issue on data science for social good. We hope that this editorial and the special issue will spur future DSSG research and help reverse the alarming trend across data science research over the past 30-plus years in which social good challenges are attracting proportionately less attention with each passing day

Investigación sobre el estilo y las características de los libros de texto de la teoría musical básica en china en los últimos cien años

Abstract: Due to various historical and realistic reasons, the development of basic music theory in China lags behind in the teaching system, teaching content and other aspects. It is an important task for Chinese music workers to revise or supplement the current basic music theory and related textbooks and then build a discipline system of basic music theory in China. This paper synthesizes the theories of music education and music history, music culture, music morphology and other related disciplines. It uses scientific, objective and rational values and holistic and comprehensive concepts. It takes the development of the basic music theory education of China as the research object and takes history as a mirror to further consider and prospect the construction of the basic music theory discipline system of China. The basic theory of Chinese Music can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) The basic music theory from the early 20th century to the founding of the People’s Republic of China; (2) From the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the period of reform and opening up; (3) Basic music theory compiled and published since the reform and opening up. It can be seen, from the development of the basic theory education of Chinese Music and its teaching materials, that the development of western music theory in China, before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, was a process from passive acceptance to active absorption. The scope of spreading western music theory was from the palace to the church, then to the school, and, finally, to the society, which made the music theory teaching in China gradually develop into a major and minor system as the leading mode. The basic theory of Chinese Music gradually deviated from its own track. With the deepening of music research after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the discipline development of basic music theory has witnessed a prosperous situation, and the construction of basic music theory is moving towards the direction of diversification and deepening. Many musicologists and music educators have made contributions to the construction of basic music theory in China from different disciplines and research perspectives. Based on the principle of “combining history with the theory” and combing the development of basic music theory in China, the ideal model of Chinese music theory discipline construction is conceived to promote the integration between traditional music theory and modern music theory from a diachronic perspective What is relevant to strengthen the unity of the nation and the world in basic music theory from a synchronic perspective, and to pay attention to the connotation of technology and culture in music theory teaching. But also to strengthen the scientific and logical concept in music theory textbooks.

Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Populations in the Teeth of Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - Therapeutic Potential for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Neurofibromas (NF) are the most common benign nerve sheath tumors in the tongue, gingiva, major salivary glands, and jaw bones. Nowadays, tissue engineering is a revolutionary technique for reconstructing tissues. To explore the feasibility of using stem cells derived from NF teeth to treat orofacial bone defects, the differences in cell biological properties between an NF teeth group and Normal teeth group. The intra-dental pulp tissues from each tooth were extracted. The cell survival rates, morphology, proliferation rates, cell activity, and differentiation abilities were contrastively analyzed between the NF teeth group and Normal teeth group. Between the two groups, there were no differences in the primary generation (P0) cells (p>0.05), the cell yield, and the time required for the cells to grow out of the pulp tissue and attach to the culture plate. Furthermore, no differences were found at the first generation (passage) between the two groups in colony formation rate and cell survival rate. The proliferation capacity, cell growth curve, and surface marker expression of dental pulp cells was not altered in the third generation (p>0.05). Dental pulp stem cells from NF teeth were successfully obtained and were not different from normal dental pulp stem cells. Although, clinical research using tissue-engineered bone to repair bone defects is still in its infancy, it will eventually enter the clinic and become a routine means of bone defect reconstruction treatment as related disciplines and technologies develop.

Bind&Bite: covalently stabilized heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides for the site-selective, cysteine-free chemical modification of proteins.

Ensuring site-selectivity in covalent chemical modification of proteins is one of the major challenges in chemical biology and related biomedical disciplines. Most current strategies either utilize the selectivity of proteases, or are based on reactions involving the thiol groups of cysteine residues. We have modified a pair of heterodimeric coiled-coil peptides to enable the selective covalent stabilization of the dimer without using enzymes or cysteine moieties. Fusion of one peptide to the protein of interest, in combination with linking the desired chemical modification to the complementary peptide, facilitates stable, regio-selective attachment of the chemical moiety to the protein, through the formation of the covalently stabilized coiled-coil. This ligation method, which is based on the formation of isoeptide and squaramide bonds, respectively, between the coiled-coil peptides, was successfully used to selectively modify the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Covalent stabilization of the coiled-coil also facilitated truncation of the peptides by one heptad sequence. Furthermore, selective addressing of individual positions of the peptides enabled the generation of mutually selective coiled-coils. The established method, termed Bind&Bite, can be expected to be beneficial for a range of biotechnological and biomedical applications, in which chemical moieties need to be stably attached to proteins in a site-selective fashion.

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR DESTINATION MARKETING USING SEARCH ENGINE DATA

Destination branding and digital diplomacy, as two driving forces for the tourism industry, can capitalize on branding strategies and marketing instruments from commercial practice. Although existing research has explored ways this should include search engine optimization (SEO) tools and analyses, implementation has been limited so far. Currently, daily queries and results in global search engines have a major impact on international perceptions of countries and the formation of public opinions in the context of the tourism industry and country relations. SEO tools not only create new challenges and possibilities for data analysis for related scientific disciplines, but also offer great benefits for political, cultural, and educational institutions and decision-makers in destination branding and tourism. It is crucial for these entities to carefully evaluate and strategically employ websites and web content to rank better in search engine results. This study closes a gap in applied research by critically examining common approaches to search engine analysis for tourism purposes, especially those based on Google Trends data. This includes introducing previously neglected SEO analysis methods, along with cases regarding their applications. The study concludes by discussing the limitations of search engine resources and their potential for future research and use in destination branding and digital diplomacy in the tourism context.

The Systems Approach in Soil Science and Landscape Science

The article describes the current state of the systems approach in two closely related scientific disciplines - soil science and landscape science. It is shown that, despite the widespread recognition of the need to apply the systems approach to solving topical theoretical and practical problems in these disciplines, it remains unrealized. This is manifested in the prevailing view of soils as systems rather than as elements of higher-order systems, the mixing of the basic landscape elements with their properties, the recognition of landscape systems and elements as spatially heterogeneous formations, the different understanding of emergent properties, structure, hierarchy of soil and landscape systems, and, as a result, in the absence of their unified system definitions, basic classification systems, consistent multiscale global maps, and, finally, a hierarchical decision-making system for sustainable management, protection and assessment of soils and landscapes. It is shown that such a situation is largely due to the conceptual-terminological confusion around the systems approach in philosophy. At the end of the article, the authors share their own experience in applying the systems approach in soil science and landscape science.

The First Anti-Criticism on the “Spirit of Capitalism”

A polemical article by the classic of sociology Max Weber in the genre of “anti-criticism” contains his response to a series of critical publications by the principal German historian Felix Rachfahl. As a specialist in the history of the Dutch Revolution in the second half of the 16th century, Rachfahl wrote five articles under the general title “Calvinism and Protestantism” that he sought to rebut Weber’s views on the genesis of capitalism from the spirit of the Puritan work ethic. In a rather harsh retort, Weber in turn tries to show the reader the entire inconsistency of Rachfal’s criticism. On the whole, he assesses the discussion as unfair on the part of his opponent and, therefore, as insufficient from the point of view of the subject itself — the cultural significance of the Protestant economic ethics for the emergence of the capitalist economy of the modern type. He accuses Rachfal of deliberately distorting both Weber’s own argument and the views of his friend and colleague, the eminent theologian and church historian E. Troelch. In attempting to defend his arguments advanced in the articles in the series “Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism”, Weber rhetorically chooses an extremely aggressive tone, while allowing a number of insulting epithets to the recognized expert in his field. His general strategy in the polemic is aimed at discrediting the criticizing historian himself as a typical representative of a related academic discipline, clearly exceeding the limits of his competence. At the same time, Weber assigns the role of objective arbiter in this dispute to his reader, urging him to perceive the arguments put forward impartially. Weber concludes by claiming that Rachfal’s lengthy critique is so off-target that he need not change a single word in his writings.

ҚазақстанРеспубликасыныңкөпбалалыотбасыларынқолдаудағымемлекеттікбағдарламалардыңтиімділігінбағалау

Family policy is important because families are the building blocks of society. Strong andhealthyfamiliescontributetothewell-beingofindividuals,communities,andnations.Asystemofmeasurescan help solve several social problems, such aspoverty, inequality, and social exclusion. By supportingfamilies, Governments can contribute to economic growth and social stability. The family policy hasdifferent approaches, depending on the political and cultural context. Some countries prioritize financialsupportfor families,while others focuson providing servicessuch as childcareand education. Thispolicy may also be determined by demographic trends, such as population ageing and changing family structure.Asanaturalinstrumentofreproductionofthepopulation,thefamilyperformsprimarilythefunctionof growth. In Kazakhstan, the government supports the pro-natalist format of family and demographicpolicy. A large family at the present stage of family and demographic policy acts as a supplier of humancapital, as well as a carrier of certain risks, a trigger of some challenges in the development of society.Having many children is the cornerstone of related disciplines: political science, demography, economics,andpsychology.Therearevarioustheories,models,andconceptsoffamilypolicy,whereresearcherssolveandproposevariousmechanismsforimprovingcurrentmeasuresofmodernfamilypolicy.

Methods for Assessing Students' Learning of Histology: A Chronology Over 50Years!

Over the past 50years technology has made teaching and learning more interesting and has been a useful tool to motivate students to learn.Students today can learn using computers, iPads and mobile devices to access increasing numbers of educational websites and many eLearning apps. E-learning is now an integral component of most teaching delivery. There have been many innovations utilising both technology-enhanced and interactive learning strategies to revolutionise histology teaching. Now learning resources can be successfully delivered via the Internet, so students can complete all learning outcomes away from the traditional histology classroom environment (i.e. study histology online).The rapid developments in technologies and computer-based learning opportunities coincided with the appearance of Teaching and Learning Centres in Universities promoting teaching practices and supporting more improved learning strategies.This chapter describes how assessments in histology have become an important tool for student learning. A chronological documentation of various assessment opportunities enabled by the increasing use of technology will be described. In particular, assessment packages that engage students and return immediate feedback make histology learning efficient and significantly improve students' performance on examinations.Assessment strategies described here may be useful for "early career" histology teachers engaging eLearning and/or new teaching departments at new universities embarking on presenting curricula in newly established medical, dental and biomedical/health science programmes.This chapter is also an historical account of at least some assessment practices in histology over the past 50years. Perhaps similar practices were used to assess student learning in other closely related disciplines such as anatomy including neuroanatomy.