Rehabilitation Exercise Training Research Articles

Design and analysis of shoulder joint exoskeleton rehabilitation mechanism based on gear and rack transmission

Due to insufficient muscle strength, a novel rehabilitation mechanism of the shoulder joint exoskeleton is proposed and analyzed based on gear and rack transmission, which solves the problem that stroke patients need repetitive exercise rehabilitation training. First, the range of motion angle of the shoulder joint is determined, and the mechanical structure of shoulder joint rehabilitation is designed. The arc rack is engaged with the output shaft gear of the reducer, and the servo motor is utilized as the driving force to realize the internal/external rotation movement of the shoulder joint. The motor connects the horizontal connecting rod and the rotating rod through the cross roller bearing to realize the abduction/adduction and flexion/extension movement of the shoulder joint. Second, the kinematics and dynamics of the shoulder joint exoskeleton are analyzed, investigated, and verified for the rehabilitation mechanism. The simulation analysis of the mechanism is completed in the virtual prototype. The changes in the joint angle and end trajectory and joint moment with time and angular velocity under the given working conditions are obtained, which directly reflect the movement of each joint of the rehabilitation mechanism. Finally, aiming at the nonlinear disturbance in the trajectory tracking control of the rehabilitation mechanism of the shoulder joint exoskeleton, the trajectory tracking approach of the mechanism is achieved aided with the closed-loop PD iterative learning control method. The results demonstrate that the actual trajectories are in good agreement with the desired trajectories, which can achieve effective tracking and improve the control quality of the system.

The effects of wheelchair mobility skills and exercise training on physical activity, fitness, skills and confidence in youth using a manual wheelchair

Purpose To evaluate the effects of a combination of wheelchair mobility skills (WMS) training and exercise training on physical activity (PA), WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and physical fitness. Methods Youth using a manual wheelchair (n = 60) participated in this practice-based intervention, with a waiting list period (16 weeks), exercise training (8 weeks), WMS training (8 weeks), and follow-up (16 weeks). Repeated measures included: PA (Activ8), WMS (Utrecht Pediatric Wheelchair Mobility Skills Test), confidence in wheelchair mobility (Wheelchair Mobility Confidence Scale), and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, (an)aerobic performance) and were analysed per outcome parameter using a multilevel model analyses. Differences between the waiting list and training period were determined with an unpaired sample t-test. Results Multilevel model analysis showed significant positive effects for PA (p = 0.01), WMS (p < 0.001), confidence in wheelchair mobility (p < 0.001), aerobic (p < 0.001), and anaerobic performance (p < 0.001). Unpaired sample t-tests underscored these effects for PA (p < 0.01) and WMS (p < 0.001). There were no effects on cardiorespiratory fitness. The order of training (exercise before WMS) had a significant effect on confidence in wheelchair mobility. Conclusions A combination of exercise and WMS training appears to have significant positive long-term effects on PA, WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and (an)aerobic performance in youth using a manual wheelchair. Implications for rehabilitation Exercise training and wheelchair mobility skills (WMS) training can lead to a sustained improvement in physical activity (PA) in youth using a manual wheelchair. These combined trainings can also lead to a sustained increase in WMS, confidence in wheelchair mobility, and (an)aerobic performance. More attention is needed in clinical practice and in research towards improving PA in youth using a manual wheelchair.

Robotic rehabilitation for end-effector device and botulinum toxin in upper limb rehabilitation in chronic post-stroke patients: an integrated rehabilitative approach

BackgroundDetermine the effects of an integrated rehabilitation protocol, including botulinum toxin and conventional rehabilitation exercise plus end-effector (EE) robotic training for functional recovery of the upper limb (UL) compared to training with the robot alone in post-chronic stroke patients with mild to severe spasticity, compared to training with the robot alone.MethodsIn this prospective, observational case-control study, stroke patients were allocated into 2 groups: robot group (RG, patients who underwent robotic treatment with EE) and robot-toxin group (RTG, patients who in addition have carried out the injection of botulinum toxin for UL recovery). All patients were assessed by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Motricity Index (MI), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), numeric rating scale (NRS), Box and Block Test (BBT), Frenchay Arm Test (FAT), and Barthel Index (BI) at baseline (T0), T1 (end of treatment), and T2 (3 months of follow-up).ResultsForty-four patients were included and analyzed (21RG; 23RTG). From the analysis between groups, the results suggested how there was a statistically significant difference in favor of RTG, specifically ΔT0-T1 and ΔT0-T2 for B&B p = 0.009 and p = 0.035; ΔT0-T1 and ΔT0-T2 for FAT with p = 0.016 and p = 0.031; ΔT0-T1 for MAS shoulder p = 0.016; ΔT0-T1 and ΔT0-T2 with p = 0.010 and p = 0.005 for MAS elbow; and ΔT0-T1 and ΔT0-T2 with p = 0.001 and p = 0.013 for MAS wrist.ConclusionOur results suggest, in line with the literature, a good efficacy in the reduction of spasticity and in the improvement of the function of the UL, with the reduction of pain, adopting a rehabilitation protocol integrated with BoTN, robot-assisted training, and traditional physiotherapy.

Interactive scalp acupuncture for cognitive dysfunction after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

To compare the efficacy of interactive scalp acupuncture, scalp acupuncture alone and scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training for cognitive dysfunction after stroke. A total of 660 patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke were randomly divided into an interactive scalp acupuncture group (218 cases, 18 cases dropped off), a scalp acupuncture group (220 cases, 20 cases dropped off) and a scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group (222 cases, 22 cases dropped off). All the patients were treated with routine medication and exercise rehabilitation training. The interactive scalp acupuncture group was treated with scalp acupuncture on the parietal midline, and contralateral anterior parietal temporal oblique line and posterior parietal temporal oblique line at the same time of cognitive training; the scalp acupuncture group was treated with scalp acupuncture alone, and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group was treated with scalp acupuncture and cognitive training in the morning and afternoon respectively. All the treatments were given once a day, 6 times a week for 8 weeks. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale score was used to evaluate the cognitive function before treatment, 4 weeks and 8 weeks into treatment. Compared before treatment, the total score of MoCA was increased after 4-week treatment and 8-week treatment in the three groups (P<0.01), and the score in the interactive scalp acupuncture group was higher than that in the scalp acupuncture group and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared before treatment, each item score of MoCA was increased after 8-week treatment in the three groups (P<0.01), and the score in the interactive scalp acupuncture group was higher than that in the scalp acupuncture group and the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group (P<0.01). Except for the attention, the remaining items scores of MoCA in the scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training group were higher than those in the scalp acupuncture group (P<0.01). The interactive scalp acupuncture could significantly improve the cognitive function in patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke, and the efficacy is superior to scalp acupuncture alone and scalp acupuncture plus cognitive training.

Effect of Exercise Rehabilitation Training on Humoral Factors in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and its Effect Observation

Objective:To examine the effects of exercise rehabilitation training on chronic heart failure(CHF)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),homocysteine(Hcy),angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),lactic acid(LA)and the effect of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),providing evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical treatment of CHF.Methods:A total of 76 patients with CHF were divided into control group and combination group,with 38 patients in each group,using the random number table method.The control group received routine drug therapy;the combination group received exercise rehabilitation training in addition of the control group treatment.The effective rate and the changes of various humoral factors were observed before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 89.47%in the combination group while 73.68%in the control group.The total effective rate in the combination group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the distribution of cardiac function grades between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).The distribution of cardiac function grades in the combination group was better than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05)after treatment.Both groups of patients before treatment the serum Ang-Ⅱ,SOD,Hcy,LA and BNP levels comparison,there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05);After treatment in patients with serum Ang-Ⅱ,Hcy,LA and BNP levels decreased significantly,the level of SOD increased obviously,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In the combination group after the treatment,the patients serum of Ang-Ⅱ,Hcy,LA and BNP levels decreased,compared with the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),the patients level of SOD increased in the combination group,and was better than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with drug therapy alone,combined exercise rehabilitation training on the basis of conventional drug therapy can regulate relevant humoral factors more effectively,affect the vascular endothelial function of CHF patients to a certain extent,reduce the content of LA,enhance cardiac function,with positive curative effect,and it is worthy of clinical application.

Assessment for exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic respiratory disease

Assessment for exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic respiratory disease

Effect Of Cognitive And Exercise Rehabilitation On Gait In Male Schizophrenic Patients Suffering From Depression Disorder

Objective ― The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and exercise rehabilitation training, and non-invasive brain stimulation on the gait of schizophrenic patients suffering from depression disorder. Methods ― Fifty-five male schizophrenic patients suffering from depression disorder aged 24 to 66 years were assigned to either a control group (n=10), cognitive rehabilitation group (n=10), exercise rehabilitation training group (n=13), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) group (n=11) or multimodal intervention group (n=11). Gait was measured using a 10-meter gait speed test under normal, in dual-task cognitive-gait, and in dual task motor-gait conditions. Results ― Gait speed during the 10-meter walk test under normal conditions was significantly (P≤0.05) different from pre- to post-test in the exercise rehabilitation training, and cognitive rehabilitation multimodal intervention. Gait speed during the dual task motor-gait condition was significantly different from pre- to post-test in the exercise rehabilitation training, cognitive rehabilitation and, multimodal intervention groups (P≤0.05). Gait speed during the dual task cognitive-gait condition significantly changed from pre- to post-test following exercise rehabilitation training, cognitive rehabilitation, tDCS and the multimodal intervention group (P≤0.05). Conclusion ― This study’s findings demonstrate that exercise rehabilitation training, cognitive rehabilitation, and multimodal interventions could assist with preventing falls within Schizophrenic patients suffering from depression and thereby improve their functional independence.

Undergraduate Curriculum Designed to Facilitate a Cancer Exercise Rehabilitation Program.

In 2030, more than 22.1 million cancer survivors are expected to reside in the USA. A workforce knowledgeable in the unique issues of oncologic exercise design and delivery will help to fulfill the need for services that improve survivor health, prognosis, and quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this project was to describe the application of a cancer exercise rehabilitation training program on student performance benchmarks and patient outcomes. Thirty-seven kinesiology students were taught how to design an exercise program for cancer patients through face-to-face instruction (10h) and online material. Students created and delivered exercise prescriptions to cancer patients (n = 111) over 12weeks. Surveys evaluating student performance, patient fitness, and patient psychosocial outcomes were used to assess students' skill proficiency, ability to apply newly acquired knowledge, and academic/professional growth. A 2-way ANOVA evaluating student performance scores revealed a significant main effect of time (F(1, 165) = 22.92, p < 0.001), indicating that student performance was improved. Post hoc tests showed the "skill proficiency, knowledge and exercise leadership" dimension was significantly improved (p < 0.0001). Cancer patients had significant improvements in body composition, muscular function, flexibility, and balance (p < 0.05). Students succeeded in tasks directly related to content learned in prerequisite kinesiology courses, while 3weeks was required for students to become proficient in clinic-related duties. Ninety percent of the students reported that the internship was an excellent learning experience. The curriculum was successful in teaching students how to design and implement exercise programs that improve cancer patient fitness and QOL.

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Cognitive Function Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

To investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise training on cognitive performance and whether the changes are associated with alterations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation among patients with cardiovascular disease. Twenty (men: n = 15; women: n = 5) participants from an outpatient CR program were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed a cognitive performance test battery and a submaximal graded treadmill evaluation on separate occasions prior to and again upon completion of 18 individualized CR sessions. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device was used to measure left and right prefrontal cortex (LPFC and RPFC) oxygenation parameters (oxyhemoglobin [O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [HHb], total hemoglobin [tHb], and oxyhemoglobin difference [Hbdiff]) during the cognitive test battery. Patients showed improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (+1.4 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and various cognitive constructs. A significant increase in PFC oxygenation, primarily in the LPFC region, occurred at post-CR testing. Negative associations between changes in cognition (executive function [LPFC O2Hb: r = -0.45, P = .049; LPFC tHb: r = -0.49, P = .030] and fluid composite score [RPFC Hbdiff: r = -0.47, P = .038; LPFC Hbdiff: r = -0.45, P = .048]) and PFC changes were detected. The change in cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with the change in working memory score (r = 0.55, P = .016). Cardiovascular disease patients enrolled in CR showed significant improvements in multiple cognitive domains along with increased cortical activation. The negative associations between cognitive functioning and PFC oxygenation suggest an improved neural efficiency.

Effects of exercise rehabilitation training on patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a group of pathophysiological syndromes characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which lead to right ventricular overload, and even right heart failure. PH has a poor prognosis and severely leads to a decline in quality of life. Historically, patients with PH were advised to limit their physical activity. However, an increasing number of studies have reported the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation training in PH. This review briefly examined and summarized the effects of exercise rehabilitation training on PH patients reported in the recent literature. The findings of the reviewed studies indicate that exercise rehabilitation training in PH patients has beneficial effects in terms of exercise capacity and quality of life, vascular and right ventricle remodelling, inflammatory response, muscular function and oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms and appropriate exercise strategies (e.g. the duration and intensity of exercise) still need to be explored. In conclusion, exercise rehabilitation training of the appropriate intensity and frequency can improve the prognosis and quality of life of PH patients. The training should be monitored by professional staff and be provided as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment. Larger clinical trials are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation training in PH.

Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Cognitive Function Among CVD Patients

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) exercise training on cognitive performance and if the changes are associated with alterations in prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: Twenty (M=15, F=5; 64.8±11.6 yrs) participants from an outpatient CR program were enrolled in the study. Each participant completed a cognitive performance test battery (the NIH Fluid Cognition test battery which measured 5 cognitive constructs) and a submaximal graded treadmill evaluation (a measure of cardiorespiratory capacity) on separate occasions at pre and again upon completion of 18 individualized CR sessions (approximately 6 weeks later). A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device was used to measure left - and right- PFC (LPFC and RPFC) oxygenation parameters (O2Hb = oxyhemoglobin, HHb = deoxyhemoglobin, tHb = total hemoglobin, Hbdiff = oxyhemoglobin difference) during the NIH Fluid Cognition evaluation. RESULTS: Patients showed improvements in cardiorespiratory capacity (increased by 1.4 METs) and various cognitive constructs (processing speed, attention, executive function, and working memory scores). A significant increase in PFC oxygenation, primarily in the LPFC region, occurred at post-CR test (in four of the five cognitive tests). Correlation analyses revealed negative associations between changes in cognition (executive function (LPFC O2Hb: r = -0.445, p = 0.049; LPFC tHb: r = -0.487, p = .030) and fluid composite score (RPFC Hbdiff: r = -0.467, p = 0.038; LPFC Hbdiff: r = -0.447, p = .048)) and PFC changes. The change in cardiorespiratory capacity was positively associated with the change in working memory score (r = 0.546, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: CVD patients enrolled in CR showed significant improvements in multiple cognitive domains along with increased cortical activation. The negative associations between cognitive functioning and PFC oxygenation suggest an improved neural efficiency, which is identified as higher cognitive performance for a given (or reduced) amount of cortical activation.

Effects of Nordic walking on cardiovascular performance and quality of life in coronary artery disease.

Cardiometabolic effects of physical exercise depend on its intensity, duration, and type. Conventional cardiovascular rehabilitation (CCVR) programs have significant advantages, but non-conventional activities such as Nordic walking (NW) may offer additional health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of NW on cardiovascular performance and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to a CCVR program. This was a pseudo-randomized, prospective, single-blinded, parallel-group trial. The study was conducted at a resort/spa type facility located in a mountainous natural environment, 650 meters above sea level. Eighty-three CAD patients were allocated to either a Nordic walking or a control group. The NW group (N.=53; age 59.1±7.0 years) underwent a three-week outdoor exercise program consisting of 40 minutes of walking four-times per week, whereas the controls performed traditional walking instead of NW. A patient's prescribed exercise intensity was according to exertion tolerance within 50-70% of peak oxygen consumption (VO<inf>2max</inf>); rating of perceived exertion 'mild/moderate' (12 to 14 points) on the 0-20 Borg Scale. Primary endpoint: cardiovascular and functional performance (exercise ergometry [EE], metabolic equivalent of tasks [METs], ejection fraction [EF], Six-Minute Walking Test [6MWT]). Secondary endpoint was quality of life (Short-Form 36 Health Survey). Statistical analysis was performed by generalized estimating equations with Cohen's d effect size (ES). NW led to higher cardiovascular performance compared to CCVR (ΔEE: +11.0% vs. +3.2%, small ES; ΔMETs: +9.8% vs. +1.5%, medium ES) and better functional performance (Δ6MWT: +8.3% vs. +5.1%, small ES). No significant differences were detected in EF (P=0.240) and SF-36 (PCS, P=0.425; MCS, P=0.400). A three-week NW training program had clinically important effects, above and beyond CCVR, on cardiovascular and functional performance in CAD patients. Nordic walking is an accessible, safe, and effective low-threshold cardiac rehabilitation exercise training modality that seems to be particularly well-suited for people with limited functional and motivational capacities.

MyomiRNAs and myostatin as physical rehabilitation biomarkers for myotonic dystrophy.

MiR-1 and myostatin are markers for muscle growth and regeneration. Myostatin has a key role in the regulation of muscle mass. Myotonic dystrophy type 1(DM1) patients have a disease-specific serum miRNA profile characterized by upregulation of miR-1, miR-206, miR-133a, and miR-133b (myomiRNAs).This study aims to evaluate the possible utility of myomiRs and myostatin as biomarkers of rehabilitation efficacy in DM1, supporting clinical outcomes that are often variable and related to the patient's clinical condition.In 9 genetically proven DM1 patients, we collected biological samples before (T0) and after (T1) exercise rehabilitation training as biological measurement. We measured serum myomiRNAs by qRT-PCR and myostatin by ELISA test. The clinical outcomes measures that we utilized during a 3-6week rehabilitation controlled aerobic exercise period were the 6-min walking test (6MWT) that increased significantly of 53.5m (p<0.0004) and the 10-m walk test (10MWT) that decreased of 1.38s.We observed, after physical rehabilitation, a significant downregulation of myomiRNAs and myostatin that occurred in parallel with the improvement of clinical functional outcome measures assessed as endurance and gait speed, respectively.The modulation of biomarkers may reflect muscle regeneration and increase muscle mass after aerobic exercise. miRNAs and myostatin might be considered as circulating biomarkers of DM1 rehabilitation. The efficacy of physical rehabilitation in counteracting molecular pathways responsible for muscle atrophy and disease progression and the role of these biomarkers in DM1 and other neuromuscular diseases warrant further investigation.

Effect of normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation training in fear of falling and motor function in patients with cerebral infarction after intervention

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation training in fear of falling and motor function in patients with cerebral infarction after intervention. Methods A total of 74 cerebral infarction after intervention patients were enrolled in Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General hospital from May 2016 to April 2018. Patients were randomly divided into the observation group 37 patients and the control group 37 patients according to the random number table method. The control group received routine rehabilitation training, normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation was carried out in the observation group. After 3 months of intervention, the fear of falling, activities of daily living, limbs motor function was assessed by short Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Barthel index, Fugl-Meyer motor function scoring, respectively. Results Before intervention, the short FES-I score was (15.32±3.15) and (15.47±4.89) in the observation group and in the control group respectively, after intervention, the score was (10.21±2.67) and (12.28±4.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in short FES-I scores between the two groups pre-intervention (P> 0.05). However, the short FES-I scores were significantly decreased in the observation group compared to the control group at post-intervention (t value was 2.468, P 0.05). However, those scores were significantly increased in the observation group compared to the control group at post-intervention (t value was 2.562, 2.878, 4.553, P<0.05). Conclusion Normal limbs active exercise rehabilitation training can alleviate the fear of falling and promote motor function and self-care ability of patients with cerebral infarction after intervention. Key words: Cerebral infarction; Interventional therapy; Active exercise; Fear of falling; Motor function

Impact of Exercise Training on Depression among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

Purpose : The prevalence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms among clients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is in the range of 30%. Since these conditions are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in clinical practice, they negatively affect functional recovery, adherence to treatment, and the quality of life. Despite the large body of evidence regarding the effects of exercise training on different aspects of diabetes, no updated conclusive article that reviews depression is available. This article aims to review the current literature on exercise training and its effect on depression in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: An electronic search of literature from 2010, highlighting the effects of exercise on depression among Type 2 diabetes mellitus clients, was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed. Relevant articles were utilised for this review. The selected studies are based on relational and rehabilitative exercise training approaches. Results: While most of the studies support the efficacy of exercise training, study settings and described models are not conclusive. No single clearly defined model exists for exercise training for depression among people with diabetes. There is evidence for the efficacy of supervised aerobic exercise in the treatment of depression, when undertaken three times weekly at moderate intensity, for a minimum of eight weeks. Further research is required to develop specific exercise training models that can be tested in experimental studies for this client group. Conclusion : The current review showed that exercise training can be used to alleviate depression among people with diabetes. Future studies should adopt rigorous methodological criteria to back up the present findings.

Locomotor Muscles in COPD: The Rationale for Rehabilitative Exercise Training.

Exercise training as part of pulmonary rehabilitation is arguably the most effective intervention to improve tolerance to physical exertion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Owing to the fact that exercise training has modest effects on exertional ventilation, operating lung volumes and respiratory muscle performance, improving locomotor muscle structure and function are key targets for pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD. In the current concise review, we initially discuss whether patients’ muscles are exposed to deleterious factors. After presenting corroboratory evidence on this regard (e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxemia, inactivity, and medications), we outline their effects on muscle macro- and micro-structure and related functional properties. We then finalize by addressing the potential beneficial consequences of different training strategies on these muscle-centered outcomes. This review provides, therefore, an up-to-date outline of the rationale for rehabilitative exercise training approaches focusing on the locomotor muscles in this patient population.

A Composite Fabric-Based Soft Rehabilitation Glove With Soft Joint for Dementia in Parkinson's Disease.

A kind of wearable exoskeleton soft rehabilitation glove is proposed for the dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with loss of hand function, limited range of motion, and insufficient finger muscle strength to carry out rehabilitation exercise training in a passive or auxiliary way. A novel soft joint structure based on composite fabric material is introduced for the design of the soft glove with bionic method, and experiments are conducted to verify the effeteness of the proposed soft rehabilitation glove. The test results showed that when the fluid pressure was 0.42 MPa, the joint angle of MCP, PIP and DIP could be up to 81°, 98°, 72°, and produce output torque of 1.18Nm, 1.44Nm and 1.82Nm respectively, which meets the requirements of the hand rehabilitation. A dynamic rehabilitation-training test of the rehabilitation glove was also carried out, and the results showed that the movement frequency of soft fingers could reach 30 times/min, which is sufficient for repetitive flexion/extension exercise. In order to verify the grasping characteristics of the soft glove for irregular objects, experiments were carried out. The experimental results showed that the bionic soft glove was dexterous in grasping, which conforms to the universal grasping characteristics of human hands, has the function of assisting daily life (ADL), and meets the requirements of rehabilitation.

Graphene-based nanomaterials combined with early exercise rehabilitation training in the treatment of patients with infectious bone defects

With the rapid development of industry and transportation, the incidence of open fractures caused by high-energy injuries has increased year by year, and bone infections are prone to occur after open fractures. According to the needs for the treatment of open fracture infections and bone defects, graphene in carbon nanomaterials has many advantages as bone graft materials. The purpose of this study was to make use of the unique physical and chemical properties of carbon nanomaterials to prepare a three-dimensional composite scaffold with good bone properties and some antibacterial properties, and carry antibiotics for the treatment of infection and bone defect after open fractures. The results show that the prepared reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-nHA composite scaffold has an interconnected three-dimensional porous structure, and the bone formation performance is enhanced when nHA is incorporated, which can promote cell growth and bone regeneration; vancomycin is loaded on this composite scaffold later, due to the bonding with graphene, the drug can be released relatively quickly in the initial stage, and then the drug is released slowly. The combination of the drug's sustained release characteristics and the inherent antibacterial activity of graphene can ensure rapid treatment of infections, and provide lasting inhibition of bacteria. In vivo experiments have also shown that the drug-loading system can effectively treat infectious bone defects.

수중재활운동과 심리기술 훈련이 경도 지체기능장애 청소년의 신체적 기능과 정서적 기능에 미치는 효과

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of underwater rehabilitation exercises and psychological technology training on physical and emotional functions of young adults with longitude retardation disorder. The research design was carried out with quantitative research and with the pre-post-post-post design model as a quick project design. The two-way repeated measurements ANOVA (2-way repeated measurements ANOVA) were tested to see if the underwater rehabilitation exercise and psychological technology training were effective in each group. In addition, the corresponding sample t-test was performed to see if there were any changes in timing depending on the group. Statistical significance level is p.It is set to 05. The results of this study are as follows. First, it has been shown that changes in physical function affect statistically significant improvements in muscle endurance, flexibility, and eight-character path walking. Second, for emotional function change, emotional state disorder scores, there were no significant differences in timing scores among the three groups. Comparing the difference between the pre- and post-season scores shows that there are changes in the post-score scores in the five categories. Validation of differences between the periods of experimental treatment in groups has shown significant differences in anger, vigor and fatigue only when looking at sub-factors of mood disorder scores (anxiety, depression, anger, vitality, fatigue, confusion). Third, emotional function change emotional state showed significant difference in interaction between group and period in experimental group I only.

Effects of an exercise-based oncology rehabilitation program and age on strength and physical function in cancer survivors.

Cancer therapy diminishes strength and physical function in cancer survivors. Whether oncology rehabilitation (OR) exercise training following therapy can correct these deficits, and whether its effectiveness differs by age, is not clear. We examine the utility of a clinically based, 12-week, combined aerobic and resistance training intervention on muscle strength and physical function in two age groups of cancer survivors. Strength and physical function measures were assessed in middle-aged (45 to 64 years) and older (≥ 65 years) patients following treatment for stage 0-III cancer before and after the OR training program. Older patients had lower physical function compared to middle-aged patients across a range of subjective and objective measures at baseline, and exercise improved all indices of physical function and strength in both age groups. Compared to the middle-aged individuals, older participants tended to have less improvement leg strength and the 5 time sit to stand (5TSTS) test as a result of OR. In models predicting post-intervention measures, older age contributed to less improvement in walking distance and power as well as the 5TSTS test. Prior to beginning the OR exercise program, middle-aged patients had higher physical function compared to older patients. However, a 12-week aerobic and resistance training intervention improved physical function across both age groups, although older age did limit responsiveness in some physical function measures. The physical function and strength of middle-aged and older cancer survivors improve in response to an exercise-based OR program after cancer treatment.