Regular Type Research Articles

Influence of pedal characteristics on pedaling control and neural drive in older adults.

This study was aimed to investigate whether pedal characteristics and age affect pedal position accuracy, fluctuation, and neural drive variability during a position control task. Twelve older (age: 72.8 ± 3.6years) and twelve young (age: 23.8 ± 4.4years) adults performed trapezoidal position control tasks involving holding plantar flexor contraction for 10s with four pedal conditions (regular and pulley types × standard and low forces). Neural drive of the triceps surae muscle was estimated with high-density surface electromyograms and individual motor unit decomposition methods. The central 5s of the sustained contraction phase was used for analysis. Variabilities of the angle and neural drive are presented by the coefficient of variation. We observed that the angle fluctuation was greater in older than young adults for four pedal conditions (p < 0.05). Regardless of age, using pulley pedals increased angle fluctuation more than regular pedals (p < 0.05). No significant interaction was found for pedal conditions and age in pedal position accuracy, angle fluctuation, or neural output. Our results suggest that older adults have poor control ability to maintain pedal angles, and pulley pedals make it difficult to adjust the pedal angles regardless of age. However, the neural output estimated by the continuously active motor units failed to explain these differences.

Learning bilingual word embedding for automatic text summarization in low resource language

Studies in low-resource languages have become more challenging with the increasing volume of texts in today's digital era. Also, the lack of labeled data and text processing libraries in a language further widens the research gap between high and low-resource languages, such as English and Indonesian. This has led to the use of a transfer learning approach, which applies pre-trained models to solve similar problems, even in different languages by using bilingual or cross-lingual word embedding. Therefore, this study aims to investigate two bilingual word embedding methods, namely VecMap and BiVec, for Indonesian – English language and evaluates them for bilingual lexicon induction and text summarization tasks. The generated bilingual embedding was compared with MUSE (Multilingual Unsupervised and Supervised Embeddings) as the existing multilingual word created with the generative adversarial network method. Furthermore, the VecMap was improved by creating shared vocabulary spaces and mapping the unshared ones between languages. The result showed the embedding produced by the joint methods of BiVec, performed better in intrinsic evaluation, especially with CSLS (Cross-Domain Similarity Local Scaling) retrieval. Meanwhile, the improved VecMap outperformed the regular type by 16.6% without surpassing the BiVec evaluation score. These methods enabled model transfer between languages when applied to cross-lingual-based text summarization. Moreover, the ROUGE score outperformed classical text summarization by adding only 10% of the training dataset of the target language.

SPOC online video learning clustering analysis: Identifying learners' group behavior characteristics

AbstractWith the widespread ofSmall Private Online Courses(SPOC) in colleges and universities, course organizers who provide high‐quality personalized course activities need to understand learners' learning status and characteristics, and then optimize the course teaching. However, little research has been done on different learners' group behavior characteristics, such as which indicators can reflect learner groups' behavior, and what are the typical behavior characteristics of different learner groups. In this work, we established aPython Language Foundationself‐built SPOC course, and 109 undergraduates' learning behavior data were collected and analyzed. From 74‐dimensional behavior log data consisting of 72 video‐viewing, course video score, and comprehensive score, Principal Component Analysis was performed to reduce dimensionality. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering was used to divide learners into different categories, and the results showed that 15 groups are clustered. According to the analysis of the four indicators for group characteristics, which are the completion and viewing‐stability of task‐point videos, unit test excellence, and comprehensive score, it is identified into five primary types, including positive type, regular type, negative type, semi‐negative type, and a fluctuation type. Experiments conducted on a real data set across different academic years and courses show that the proposed approach has better clustering accuracy and practicability. It is expected that this work may be used to strengthen the personalized learning support services system in educational institutions and develop a tool that integrates exploration and analysis work onto the web platform.

Crystal evolution of nano-sized CoCr2O4 synthesized by a modified sol–gel method

The present study provides a comprehensive assessment of the synthesis, crystal evolution, and degree of inversion of the spinel CoCr2O4 (i.e., cochromite) by a modified sol–gel method using propylene oxide and ultrasonication. Ultrasonic assistance promotes the dissociation and dispersibility of Co2+ and Cr3+ precursors, contributing to the hydrolysis reaction to form hydrated ions. Propylene oxide serves as a proton scavenger to provide the conditions needed for homogeneous gelation. Heat treatments at different temperatures (400, 550, and 700 °C) for different durations (1, 4, and 8 h) have been applied to follow the crystal evolution and the inversion of the spinel system. The formation of CoCr2O4 particles was observed at approximately 400 °C. An increase in calcination temperature induced particle size growth (from 12 to 42 nm) and sintering effects. A significant decrease in the specific surface area (from 144 to 33 m2 g−1) was observed with changes in the lattice parameter (8.304–8.334 Å). Raman, XPS, XRD, and Rietveld analyses indicated the presence of a pure cochromite phase. The Bertaut method has been applied to monitor the inversion process of CoCr2O4 during post-synthesis heat treatment. The spinel conformation became a regular type beyond 700 °C, whereas a fully inverted structure was obtained at lower temperatures. The modified sol–gel method may be convenient for large-scale production to synthesize other spinel-type compounds.

Low-dimensional bihamiltonian structures of topological type

We construct local bihamiltonian structures from classical W-algebras associated with non-regular nilpotent elements of regular semisimple type in Lie algebras of types A2 and A3. They form exact Poisson pencils and admit a dispersionless limit, and their leading terms define logarithmic or trivial Dubrovin–Frobenius manifolds. We calculate the corresponding central invariants, which are expected to be constants. In particular, we get Dubrovin–Frobenius manifolds associated with the focused Schrödinger equation and Hurwitz space M0;1,0 and the corresponding bihamiltonian structures of topological type.

User Segmentation Based on Travel Regularity in E-Scooter Sharing Service

The dockless e-scooter sharing service is rapidly spreading, replacing existing transportation, and improving last-mile accessibility. User segmentation with travel regularity and segment-level behavior analysis, which are already conducted in public transit, also benefits e-scooter sharing service to enhance service quality and increase usage. In this work, we group e-scooter users according to their travel regularity and identify each group’s usage characteristics. Through the dockless e-scooter usage data, as operated in six cities in South Korea, travel regularity measured by users’ repetitive departure time and destination is discovered and spatiotemporal usage patterns are identified. We divide e-scooter users into three groups by type of travel regularity: irregular user, spatially regular user, and regular user. Regular users more frequently use e-scooters, travel shorter distances, and walk longer distances to find an e-scooter than other groups. It is also revealed that the use in morning peak hours only occurs in the regular user group. By decomposing the temporal patterns of spatially regular and regular users, we discover that spatially regular users are composed of daytime, evening peak, and nighttime users. In contrast, regular users are composed of morning peak, evening peak, and lockdown (restriction in response to COVID-19 pandemic) peak users. This research suggests user segmentation based on travel regularity in e-scooter sharing services, enabling multiple strategies to be drawn to retain users with high regularity and convert users with low regularity to regular users.

The role of non-coding RNA in lupus nephritis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune disease with multiple manifestations. The renal implication, also called lupus nephritis (LN) is the most regular type of complication and results in adverse outcomes. Multiple studies revealed the importance of non-coding RNA in diseases, likewise observed in nephropathies, particularly LN. Long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a group of RNA that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. And in circular RNA (circRNA), the head and tail of RNA are connected by a 3' → 5' phosphodiester bond. Both two types of non-coding RNA play important roles in LN pathogenesis through the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) effect. LncRNAs and circRNAs can sponge miRNAs and consequently act on downstream signaling pathways, which are capable to influence various aspects of LN, including cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. And lncRNAs and circRNAs have the potential to act as biomarkers to diagnose LN and distinguish whether SLE patients with LN or not. In the future, lncRNAs and circRNAs may be accessible therapeutic targets.

No evidence for spatial suppression due to across-trial distractor learning in visual search

Previous studies have shown that during visual search, participants are able to implicitly learn across-trial regularities regarding target locations and use these to improve search performance. The present study asks whether such across-trial visual statistical learning also extends to the location of salient distractors. In Experiments 1 and 2, distractor regularities were paired so that a specific distractor location was 100% predictive of another specific distractor location on the next trial. Unlike previous findings that employed target regularities, the current results show no difference in search times between predictable and unpredictable trials. In Experiments 3–5 the distractor location was presented in a structured order (a sequence) for one group of participants, while it was presented randomly for the other group. Again, there was no learning effect of the across-trial regularities regarding the salient distractor locations. Across five experiments, we demonstrated that participants were unable to exploit across-trial spatial regularities regarding the salient distractors. These findings point to important boundary conditions for the modulation of visual attention by statistical regularities and they highlight the need to differentiate between different types of statistical regularities.

Effects of Teleworking and Strategic Orientations on Resilience in the Post-Pandemic Period

This study investigates the effects of the strategic orientations of SMEs, which are in the group most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic process, which exemplifies volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) conditions, on their organizational resilience, and the differentiation of SMEs organizational resilience according to the teleworking style they prefer. The research model and hypotheses were examined by using the Structural Equation Modeling technique on the data collected by the survey method by interviewing 500 SME owners/partners/senior executives operating in the service sector in Turkey. In addition, teleworking methods were compared with post-hoc tests. As the results, technology, market, learning, and entrepreneurial orientations affect organizational resilience positively and significantly. Technology orientation plays an important role for companies to have telework skills in order to ensure business continuity and to increase their organizational resilience. It was determined that organizational resilience in SMEs differed according to the type of telework. The systematic and regular types of telework adopted by firms provide higher organizational resilience than those applied in exceptional and temporary situations. And companies with different strategic orientations combinations will likely have higher organizational resilience. With its perspective and findings, this research both contributes to the relevant literature and is an eye-opener for practitioners.

Development of Sustainable Creative Three-Dimensional Virtual Woven Textiles Using Clothing Waste

The purpose of this study was to design weaving methods for the aesthetic and practical recycling of various types of clothing waste, making creative woven textiles and three-dimensional virtual textiles based on them. This study is a follow-up study on the production of upcycling fabric using clothing waste and was conducted to overcome the limitations of the preceding study. Before conducting this study, a preliminary survey was conducted on the perception of clothing waste recycling among weaving participants. The investigation found that the necessity of recycling clothing waste was recognized, but methods for doing so were not known. The demand for easy and diverse recycling methods that can aesthetically improve clothing waste has been identified. In this study, seven weaving methods based on plain weaving were designed. The weaving method was based on the plain weaving method, and warp, weft, and matt weaving were divided into regular or irregular weaving. Warp yarn was used to improve the durability of the textile, and weft yarn was utilized to increase the use of clothing waste and maintain the aesthetic effects of the original materials. The twenty people who participated in the preliminary survey performed creative textile production using clothing waste and evaluated materials and weaving methods. Creative textiles using clothing waste were created as 3D virtual textiles by the author. A group of experts evaluated the novelty and appropriateness of the creative textiles and 3D virtual textiles and participated in a focus group interview. As a result of this study, 140 creative textiles and 3D virtual textiles were produced based on the developed methods. According to the evaluation of the materials and design methods, the preparation of the material was easy, the suitability of the material was high, and the difficulty of the weaving method was low. The difficulty of each weaving type was the lowest for the plain and matt regular method, and the highest for the weft irregular method. The irregular type was highly evaluated in the novelty category, and the regular type was highly evaluated in the appropriateness category. In the focus group interviews, experts positively evaluated the usefulness of the material, the appropriateness of the design methods, the novelty of the woven textile, and the appropriateness of the material for 3D virtual clothing.

Analysis of Perceptions, Preferences, and Participation Intention of Urban Forest Healing Program among Cancer Survivors.

It is important to manage the health of cancer survivors who have returned to their daily lives. An increasing number of cancer survivors are undertaking health care in forests near their residences. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the perceptions of forest healing and the program preferences of adult cancer survivors. Data were collected from 388 female cancer survivors through an online survey. Breast cancer survivors comprised 66.2%, and 63.6% of the study participants were diagnosed with cancer within 2 to 5 years prior to the study. The subjective health status was 2.68 ± 0.61 out of 4 points. Of the participants, 62.1% had heard of forest healing and 65.7% intended to participate in the forest healing program. Participants who frequently visited the forest were more likely to participate in the forest healing program in the future than those who rarely visited the forest. A survey among 255 people on specific preferences for the program found that the regular visit type was preferred over the one-time visit type. These results are meaningful because they can be used as a basis for the development of a forest treatment program that reflects the needs of cancer survivors.

Implicit to Explicit Algorithm for ABAQUS Standard User-Subroutine UMAT for a 3D Hashin-Based Orthotropic Damage Model

This study examines a new approach to facilitate the convergence of upcoming user-subroutines UMAT when the secant material matrix is applied rather than the conventional tangent (also known as Jacobian) material matrix. This algorithm makes use of the viscous regularization technique to stabilize the numerical solution of softening material models. The Newton–Raphson algorithm predictor-corrector of ABAQUS then applies this type of viscous regularization to a UMAT using only the secant matrix. When the time step is smaller than the viscosity parameter, this type of regularization may be unsuitable for a predictor-corrector with the secant matrix because its implicit convergence is incorrect, transforming the algorithm into an undesirable explicit version that may cause convergence problems. A novel 3D orthotropic damage model with residual stresses is proposed for this study, and it is analyzed using a new algorithm. The method’s convergence is tested using the proposed implicit-to-explicit secant matrix as well as the traditional implicit and explicit secant matrices. Furthermore, all numerical models are compared to experimental data. It was concluded that both the new 3D orthotropic damage model and the new proposed time step algorithm were stable and robust.

Experimental study of the influence of Potassium Chloride salt on the rheological properties of Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) and Poly Anionic Cellulose – Regular (PAC-R) mud type at increasing temperature

Drilling mud is a mixture of water and clay, weighing materials and few chemicals which is called additives to stabilize the wellbore pressure. Drilling fluids, affects drilling operations. The cost of drilling fluid has been a major issue during operation and the effect of salinity on the additives has also resulted into investigation of determine if other additives can be used as a substitute to the predominant used ones. To that effect, this work was focused to determine the effect of salinity on the rheological properties of mud type prepared with Carboxyl-methyl cellulose (CMC) and polyanionic cellulose-regular (PAC-R). From this study, salinity effect shows that as the salinity of drilling mud are increased, the effectiveness of the polymer decreases. This has a negative effect on the rheological properties of drilling mud. Plastic viscosity decreases with increasing temperature and yield point increases with increasing temperature. Also, the thixotropic property (gel strength) of both PAC-R and CMC muds increases with temperature but decreases on the introduction of salt. It can also be deduced that the ability to suspend cuttings for both KCl and CMC mud are unique.

Epidemiology of human papillomavirus on condyloma acuminatum in Shandong Province，China

ABSTRACT Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is important to study the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes before implementing the HPV vaccination program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of CA cases and the distribution of HPV genotypes in Shandong Province, China. One-to-one questionnaire surveys were conducted on all patients diagnosed with CA in sentinel hospitals from Shandong Province, China. HPV genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-reverse dot blot hybridization method. The study enrolled 1185 patients (870 males and 315 females) and found that CA patients are mainly males and sexually active people between the ages of 20 and 40. Recurrence occurred in 34.7% patients. Among the 880 CA patients who underwent HPV typing, the HPV test positivity rate was 91.4%. In these cases, low-risk (LR) HPV infection was predominant, with an infection rate of 91.3%, while high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes were found in 53.5% patients. The most frequent HPV genotypes encountered were HPV6 (57.8%), HPV11 (37.2%), HPV16 (13.7%), and HPV42 (10.3%). HPV6 and/or HPV11 are the main infections in all patients, and more than half of the patients are coinfected with HR-HPV. However, unlike other regions, HPV42 has a higher prevalence rate among CA patients in Shandong Province and is a nonvaccine HPV genotype. Therefore, regular HPV typing helps to understand the characteristics of specific genotypes and the choice of the best type for vaccine coverage.

On the regularization in DeePC*

Data-enabled predictive control (DeePC) is an approach to data-driven direct control that has gained considerable interest recently. In this work we show that the main equations of DeePC can be derived from a linear regression model based on the input/output equations for a linear system that can be estimated using linear least squares. Our main contribution is an analysis showing that DeePC—using different types of regularization—gives predictions that equals those of an estimated model if the regularization weight is large enough. The numerical example indicate that the optimal weights are sufficiently large for all considered types of regularization. This suggests that the use of an indirect method based on the linear regression model implicitly estimated by DeePC can be beneficial, since this avoids tuning of weights, does not distort the control criterion and makes the online optimization considerably faster. Furthermore, a slightly modified estimate is considered, that reduces the number of unknown parameters in the linear regression model by taking causality into account.

Space-Time Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Tomography of Objects With Affine Deformation

In this article, an electromagnetic inverse scattering problem (EISP) method is implemented successfully to capture the dynamic phenomena of the scene with affine deformation. In the presented method, a new variational model has been suggested which is based on two error functions of the current and state equations. Moreover, two types of regularizers have been adopted in the proposed scheme. In the first type, two separated spatial total variation (TV) and smooth, temporal regularization terms are used. In the second kind, a TV regularization, being a function of both spatial and temporal variables, is used. It is shown that the second type gives better results compared to the first type. The minimization problem is solved by the first-order primal-dual optimization algorithm of Chambolle and Pock.

МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ РУСЛА РЕКИ КОНДЫ

The article presents the results of long-term studies of the Konda River basin (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). Despite the fact that the Konda is one of the largest rivers in the region, hydrological studies of the river are fragmentary and there are no studies on channel processes. The Konda plays an important role in the social and economic life of the southwestern part of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra as it is one of the main transport routes for interdistrict communication. This article is the first to give a generalized description of manifestations of channel processes – types of channels, bends, conditions and regularities of their development – for the navigable section of the Upper, Middle and Lower Konda (from Lake Tursuntsky Tuman to the mouth). The author discusses the issues related to the development of channel deformations, describes a typical set of morphometric characteristics for different types of channels, classifies them, shows the possibilities of practical use of the research results for forecasting channel deformations. It has been revealed that in the Lower Konda, with a great variety of channel types, the most active deformations are characteristic of channel bends and bends of floodplain branching arms and a bifurcated channel; in the Upper and Middle Konda, having a mainly meandering channel, bank erosion is confined to free channel bends.

Double-diffusive stagnation point flow over a vertical surface with thermal radiation: Assisting and opposing flows.

In numerous industrial procedures, the main concern of design engineers is ensuring adequate heat and mass transfer, such as in the heating and cooling practices of solar water heaters, geothermal systems, extrusion of metal, insulation of buildings, electronics, turbines, aerodynamics, electronics, paper manufacturing, and glass fiber production. The unsteady double-diffusive mixed convection flow of boundary layer nanofluids above a vertical region near stagnation point flow is developed and examined here. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are incorporated by using Buongiorno's model. In the thermal energy equations, diffusion of regular and cross types is also used. By the use of the local similarity method along with suitable similarity transformations, nonlinear unsteady partial differential equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations and are numerically solved by the Keller-Box method. The investigation expresses that these profiles of solute concentration and nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and velocity in their boundary layers, respectively, depending on several parameters. A graphic analysis of all these parameters' possessions on nature's boundary layers is depicted. The highest rate of heat transfer is obtained with negligible thermophoresis effect. Furthermore, it is perceived that an increase in Nc and Nt results in a reduction in the reduced Sherwood number of nanoparticles, whereas addition results in an increase in the Nb number. There is a reverse effect on the temperature field and layer thickness for heat generation. In the wake of the above-mentioned potential applications, the current study of fluid flow has been found to be very interesting and innovative in the analysis of the influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects near stagnation point flow, which will further make revolutions in industrial fields. Moreover, Buongiorno's model predicts the characteristics of double-diffusive fluids in enhancing heat transfers. This investigation has been established as a result of the numerous industrial applications mentioned above.

Tendency to Syntagmatic Expansion of the Generating Base in Bilingual Children

The difference between children’s innovations and the occasionalism of artistic and adult everyday speech lies, first of all, in their “simultaneity”, close connection with the objective situation and the child’s specific activity. While working in German schools, we often observed that children from Azerbaijani migrant families also tend to use regular and ordinary types of word – and form formation instead of irregular and rarer ones. Foreign children’s illiterate use of word forms testifies, first of all, to the meta-communicative and stylistic competence of the younger schoolchild that is being formed on their part. Indeed, the generalisation of grammatical form is not alien to the modern German language. The use of these kinds of words in the speech of foreign children is mainly because, at their young age, they cannot correctly identify individual word-building elements with the help of which one word or another is formed. With all the striving of foreign-speaking children to streamline the language system in some way convenient for them, to make it “correct”, they themselves cannot avoid paradoxes.

On theoretical calculation method for two-dimensional planar shock wave refractions

A theoretical calculation method for wave structures in the flow resulting from the interaction between the two-dimensional planar shock and the material interface is developed. First, the propagation of the shock wave on either side of the interface is analyzed, and two regular refraction types and three irregular ones are identified. Then, according to the relative speed of the perturbations on either side, three different interaction cases are established. Compared with the existing Catherasoo’s method, this method is improved in the following aspects: 1) the influence of the perturbation in the post-shock flow field on the interaction is taken into account, including its type and whether it can catch up and interact with the shock front; 2) the interactions between different waves are calculated mostly based on the exact solutions of the Euler equations, except those involving post-shock subsonic rarefaction waves. This method has been used to investigate the interaction of a Mach number 1.17 shock with an air/SF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; interface, and give wave structures that accord with numerical results and existing experimental data. The angle between the transmitted shock and the horizontal direction is obtained to be in better agreement with experimental data than Catherasoo’s result, and more parameters are obtained, such as the reflected wave and the interface deflection angle. For cases involving a Mach number 2.00 shock with different material density ratios and interface inclination angles, comparisons between theoretical and numerical results show that our method can obtain the type of wave structure more accurately than Catherasoo’s method, and identify a refraction type in which the post-shock strong perturbation catches up with the shock front and a three-wave structure is formed, whereas Catherasoo’s method cannot handle this case. Thus, the results show that the improved method in this work has better applicability and higher accuracy than the existing method in identifying the type of wave structure, and can also provide more information about the wave structures.