Regular Connections Research Articles

Congruence of Curves in Weyl-Otsuki Spaces

In this paper, we study congruence of curves in Weyl-Otsuki spaces using the Ricci's coefficients of that congruence in orthogonal case. We first prove that the Ricci’s coefficients determine the regular general connection of an Otsuki space. Then we give the condition for these coefficients in Weyl-Otsuki spaces to be skew-symmetric in the first two indices as in Riemannian spaces. We obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the curves of a congruence to be geodesic, normal and irrotational, respectively. Finally, we prove that if a congruence satisfy the equation, and any two of the conditions that to be geodesic, normal and irrotational, then it also satisfies the other third one.

Stress concentration factors for RHS-to-RHS T-type moment-loaded end connections

The research presented in this paper is the continuation of a series of efforts to develop design formulae for rectangular hollow section (RHS)-to-RHS end connections and circular hollow section (CHS)-to-CHS end connections under fatigue loading. Normalized hot spot strains for the RHS-to-RHS T-type moment-loaded end connections (unreinforced and reinforced with a chord-end cap plate) are experimentally determined and compared to those in their regular connection counterparts (with sufficient chord continuity). Upon validation using the experimental data, a parametric finite-element study consisting of 448 models (including 336 stepped connections and 112 matched connections) is performed. The parametric study investigates the effects of chord end distance-to-width, branch-to-chord width, branch-to-chord thickness, and chord slenderness ratios, as well as the chord boundary condition (unreinforced or with a chord-end cap plate). Existing formulae in CIDECT Design Guide 8 for the calculation of the corresponding stress concentration factors (SCFs) are evaluated, and SCF correction factors are derived.

A dynamic reconfiguration model and method for load balancing in the snow-shaped distribution network

The snow-shaped distribution network (SDN) is a cable distribution network composed of eight (or six) 10 kV feeders from four (or three) substations in a regular connection. Compared with the traditional 10 kV distribution network, SDN can support a wide range of load transfer among six or eight feeders. Aiming at the problem of load spatial-temporal unbalanced condition caused by the integration of distributed generators (DGs) and different load types in different feeders, this paper proposes a dynamic reconfiguration strategy for load balancing in SDN considering DGs and energy storage system (ESS). Firstly, the basic structure of SDN is analyzed and the power flow model for its dynamic reconfiguration is developed. Secondly, the dynamic reconfiguration optimization model for load balancing in SDN considering DGs and ESS is proposed to utilize the load transfer capability to mitigate the load unbalanced condition and reduce active power loss. Thirdly, the original non-convex model is converted into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model by applying the second-order cone relaxation and the big-M method, which is solved by CPLEX solver. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and method are verified by an actual case in Tianjin and IEEE 33-node system. The analysis results show that the proposed method can significantly alleviate the load unbalanced spatial-temporal distribution and improve the economic efficiency by regulating the operation of SDN including ESS optimization and dynamic reconfiguration.

Response Modification Factor of High-Strength Steel Frames with D-Eccentric Brace Using the IDA Method

The design innovation of high-strength steel frames paired with D-eccentric bracing exhibits remarkable resistance to plastic deformation during seismic events. This method strategically combines regular steel connections (with yield strengths below 345 MPa) and high-strength steel beams and columns (such as Q460 or Q690, with yield strengths over 460 MPa), effectively reducing cross-sectional sizes while preserving the elasticity of non-energy-dissipating members. This configuration results in substantial ductility and superior energy dissipation capabilities. The response modification factor (R) is vital for achieving both effective and economical seismic resilience, particularly in the development of efficient and cost-effective seismic designs. However, the 2016 edition of the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB50011-2010) fails to incorporate the concept of R, opting instead to apply a uniform value to all structural systems. This oversight is fundamentally flawed, necessitating a comprehensive investigation into the R value specifically for the high-strength steel frame with a D-eccentric brace. This research primarily aims to improve structural performance design, provide guidance for future projects, and encourage the adoption of this advanced seismic performance structure in earthquake-prone areas. To achieve these objectives, a performance-based seismic design approach is employed. This method involves designing structures with varying numbers of stories (4, 8, and 12), different link lengths (900, 1000, and 1100 mm), and various steel strengths (Q460 and Q690). This study uses the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) method to determine the R values for each prototype. The derived performance coefficients act as crucial references for the development of future innovative structural designs. This research greatly enhances seismic design practices and facilitates the wider adoption of high-strength steel frames with D-eccentric braces due to their outstanding seismic performance.

SCFs for CHS-to-CHS T- and X-type moment-loaded end connections: Proposal for formulae

The research presented in this paper is part of a series of efforts to develop design recommendations for hollow structural section (HSS) connections situated at the end of a truss (or frame) under fatigue loading. Full-sized circular hollow section (CHS)-to-CHS regular and end connections (with open chord ends and chord-end cap plates) were tested under branch in-plane bending to measure strain concentrations at the critical locations. This experimental data was then used to verify a finite element (FE) modelling approach. An FE parametric study (totaling 1120 FE models, including 560 T-type connections and 560 X-type connections) was then carried out to investigate the effects of different chord end boundary conditions (i.e., varied chord end lengths, and open versus cap-plated chord ends). The effects of branch-to-chord width (β), chord slenderness (2γ) ratios and branch-to-chord thickness (τ) were also investigated. It was found that the stress concentration factors (SCFs) in end connections are sensitive to the boundary conditions (i.e., open chord end versus with chord-end cap plate) and all three non-dimensional parameters (β, 2γ and τ). Therefore, SCF correction factors based on e/b0, β, 2γ and τ, are derived for use with existing SCF formulae in CIDECT Design Guide 8.

APPLICATION OF CLUSTERING METHODS FOR DETECTING NETWORK THREATS

The objective of this article is to explore the possibilities of identifying network attacks using cluster analysis methods. Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and the ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS) algorithm have been implemented on data representing a simulated network. The findings reveal the most effective algorithmic combinations for distinguishing between regular connections and data associated with network intrusions.

Magnitude transition probability and casual dependence of local earthquakes

Even though they contribute far less to the total worldwide death toll and damage than their more powerful counterparts, Aswan earthquakes, which have low overall seismicity and magnitudes between 3.0 and 5.6, may be the main source of seismic risk and hazard in the Aswan region. With such earthquakes’ potential to cause significant concern in several parts of the world, it is important to study of the casual dependence between the occurrences of earthquake magnitudes in Aswan area. The probabilistic dependence is different from the casual dependence. Earthquakes’ probabilistic reliance is not a prerequisite nor an adequate means of establishing a causal connection. Therefore, it is crucial to look at the accidental dependency of earthquake magnitude in the Aswan region. For this purpose, and to verify the stability of the findings, we considered the seismic data from 1980 to 2002 in Aswan area. The statistical and probabilistic methods might be used to examine the features of the dependency between earthquake magnitudes. The probability of both the absolute and conditional earthquake magnitudes, as determined by counting the consecutive observations of earthquake magnitude directly. This article investigates empirically the magnitude transition probability and casual dependence of earthquake magnitude events in Aswan area. The data for 286 consecutive earthquakes felt in the Aswan area with a magnitude of 3.0 or above are utilized in the probability calculations to examine the dependency of earthquake magnitudes on chance. The results show that the magnitudes of subsequent earthquakes in the Aswan area are causally related to one another. Additionally, the results of this study imply that the order in which earthquakes occur in the Aswan region may be governed by some regular connection.

Քրոնոտոպի գործառույթը Խ.Աբովյանի «Վերք Հայաստանի» վեպում / THE FUNCTION OF CHRONOTOPE IN KH. ABOVYAN’S NOVEL «WOUNDS OF ARMENIA»

The subject of the analysis of the article is the function of the chronotope, the spacetime continuum in the historical novel “Wounds of Armenia” by Khachatur Abovyan. Drawing upon fundamental principles of the theory of the relationship between the forms of time and the chronotope of M. Bakhtin and the theory of the spatial chronotope and the cultural memory of Y. Lotman, we approached the text of the novel from a fresh perspective to show that there is nothing spontaneous in the “Wounds of Armenia” novel: it is a clear and precisely thought-out novel structure formed on the basis of a certain system, where the chronotope plays an important organizing role in the author’s plan and construction of the artistic world. Our purpose is to consider, within the limits of possibilities, the features of the manifestation of the chronotope in the “Wounds of Armenia” and to show whether the manifestation of space-time regular connections in the historical novel should be considered as a general artistic device or these are the most important, genre-forming features of the novel form that first appeared in the Armenian literature. In accordance with the above, we have formulated the main objectives of the study: given the importance of the combined application of various methods of analysis of the artwork, using hermeneutic and structural methods of criticism to show certain spatial and temporal laws underlying the artistic text, organizing the text, to reveal the complex chain of combinations of chronotopes, to explore the relationship between the part and the whole, to interpret the iconic, coded space that determines the genre features and poetics of text structure, to identify some typologically stable chronotopes in the novel and show their semantic and constructive role and function in the process of forming the composition and structure of the novel. We have summarized the findings of the research concerning the philosophical and creative worldview of the great Armenian enlightenment novelist, his intentions in creating novels and the tools for their realization in Conclusion.

ARCHITECTURE OF RAILWAY STATION BUILDINGS OF THE RAILWAY IVANO-FRANKIVSK–VORONENKA

The buildings of the Ivano-Frankivsk–Voronenka railway station date back to 1892–1894. The oldest of them were implemented according to three typical projects of the Imperial and Royal Austrian State Railways. They have a spatial, structural and art relationship with the railway stations of Halychyna, Bukovyna and other regions of the sub-Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. In the interwar period (1921–1939), the damaged buildings of railway stations were restored and new railway stations of Delatyn and Tatariv appeared. After the Second World War railway buildings were rebuilt with a tendency towards simplification. Not seldom passenger buildings appeared on the stop platforms in forms of simple semi-open pavilions. Nowadays, some of the historical buildings are also used for residence, most of them are in good and satisfactory state. All railway stations and stopping points are of the on-bank type, connecting landing platforms with station buildings and settlements on the same ground level. 7 from the 11 original typical railway station buildings of the imperial period have been preserved up till now. They form a chain which is interspersed with the unique buildings of Delatyn, Tatariv, Yaremche and a few passenger buildings near the landing platforms. The primary compositional and stylistic integrity of the architecture of the railway buildings is preserved. All historical buildings of the railway stations of the studied group are worthy and should have the status of an architectural monument. The use of buildings may go beyond transport needs. They can accommodate hotels, restaurants, museums, exhibitions, clubs and other public institutions. This corresponds to the modern trend of understanding and using of such objects. When establishing a regular connection by daytime regional trains in clock mode of railway communication, unified landing platforms with their connection to settlements and with informational and service provision should be arranged. The resources of existing railway station buildings and other passenger facilities should be included in this process.

Dezvoltarea sistemului de comunicații în Bucovina - poștă, telegraf, telefon

The study presents the great progress made by the institution of post, telegraph and telephone in Bukovina, especially in the 19th century, when, established on solid foundations, these institutions reached the level of organizations abroad and became important factors of modernization of society. Postal services emerged from the need for long-distance communication, which involved finding quick solutions for transporting or transmitting messages. Since the time of the military administration, a mail service on horseback was organized in Bukovina for military-administrative purposes. The first regular civil post office, with regular postal connections to Galicia and Transylvania, was opened in Chernivtsi on January 1, 1783, by the Viennese Johann Paul Vogel. The postal service has developed at a sustained pace in relation to population growth and ever-expanding business relations. In 1908, 213 post offices were operating. Relative to the area and number of inhabitants, a postal service covered 49 km2 and served 3 428 inhabitants. The steady, thoughtful and consistent development of the postal system over the decades was supplemented very early on by the introduction of the telegraph and, somewhat later, the telephone service. The first telegraph office that included Bukovina in the European telegraph network was established in Chernivtsi in 1855. At the end of 1896, the telegraph network had a total length of 764,34 km and 45 stations. In 1908, there were 104 post offices with telegraph service and 44 authorized railway telegraph stations. The first telephone exchange in Bukovina was built in 1883, in Chernivtsi, and then a fixed telephone network was extended in and between the cities and towns of Bukovina.

A structured grid generation framework based on parameterization for the design of free-form gridshells

Free-form gridshells have become a regional landmark because of their light and smooth architectural style. Structured grids with regular and straightforward topological connections are often the best choice for the holistic design of free-form gridshells. However, it is difficult to create a structured grid that can embody the architectural connotation and facilitate manufacturing and construction process over free-form surfaces, especially surfaces with complex shapes. To generate structured grids with fair lines, regular cells, and uniform edges over surfaces and to better interactively control the direction and size of grids, this paper proposes a parameterization-based grid generation framework. Firstly, a bubble-packing method is applied to obtain an initial grid over the given surface. Secondly, a grid parameterization algorithm that is as shape-preserving as possible is proposed and used to produce the parameter domain of the initial grid. Thirdly, a fair, regular, and uniform planar structured grid is generated in the parameter domain, and the direction and size of the grid can be adjusted by changing corresponding parameters. Finally, the planar structured grid is mapped to the given surface to obtain the final grid. As part of the new contribution of this paper, the calculation method of the fairness index is improved to quantitatively evaluate the fairness of the structured grid. The regularity and uniformity are also evaluated in terms of grid cell shape quality and grid edge lengths. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework. The proposed framework can be effective at reducing mapping distortion and can produce grids that meet the requirements of fairness, regularity, and uniformity.

Projekcja znaczeń w wielojęzycznych korpusach wraz z przykładami jej zastosowania w badaniach korpusowych nad językiem polskim

The Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, as part of the CLARIN-PL consortium, is engaged in the creation of multilingual corpora of Slavic and Baltic languages. Some of the planned corpora have already been made available in the dSpace CLARIN-PL repository and in the KonText online browser. One of these corpora is the Polish–Lithuanian corpus, which in this article serves to illustrate the possibilities of applying CLARIN-PL corpora in research into the Polish language. The Lithuanian language has an archaic structure in comparison with Polish. Lexemes are characterised by a clearer structure. There are regular connections between grammatical form and meaning, with a small number of exceptions. These features of Lithuanian ensure that the projection of strongly formalised meanings onto Polish-language resources is a straightforward operation, leading to a significant narrowing of Polish-language resources, which can be analysed in the context of unequivocal interpretations based on Lithuanian meanings.

A Practical Approach to Implement Releases and Partial Fixities in Finite Elements Using Already Existing Stiffness Equations

The usefulness of Finite Element (FE) models for many engineering purposes depends on the element's ability to support a variety of end-connection types including releases and partial-fixities. However, adding such features to a FE model would require additional theoretical effort in the element development process. Alternatively, zero-length external connector-elements can be used in the mesh structure, but this will complicate both mesh definition and assemblage operations. This study shows that the existing stiffness equations of any FE model with regular rigid connections can be effectively employed to automatically define both end-releases and end-partial-fixities by simply applying a basic matrix-equation modification process without the need for any additional theoretical development on the element itself. Our process can be summarized in three basic steps. Firstly, element equations are separated from the system equation by defining element’s own degree-of-freedoms (DOFs). Secondly, elastic springs are introduced between the element and the system. Finally, the element is merged back into the system by eliminating its newly defined DOFs from the emerged equations. It has been verified by examples that, using these steps results in a new set of element equations with the desired end-releases/partial fixities and can be used in custom FE models.

Locus of Control as a Factor of the Metacognitive Sphere of Personality and Its Specificity in Educational Activity

Introduction. The purpose of the work was to study, establish and explain the regularities of the influence of the locus of control on the organization of the metacognitive sphere of personality, including in the conditions of educational activity. This goal is relevant in theoretical and applied terms, since it is devoted to an important, but practically unexplored problem of the determinative influence of one of the main personal qualities that is the locus of control on the content and organization of the metacognitive sphere of personality. As part of the realization of this goal, the role of the locus of control in relation to the main metacognitive processes and qualities and their structural organization is revealed and explained for the first time. Materials and methods of research. The most valid and reliable methods developed in modern metacognitivism were used: the method of “Metacognitive awareness of activity” (G. Shrow, R. Denison); the method of MAI D. Everson; methods for the diagnosis of metacognitive inhibition, as well as the author’s methods for the diagnosis of individual measures of the severity of reflexivity (A. V. Karpov, V. V. Ponomareva), metathinking and metamemory. Methods of mathematical and statistical processing (ANOVA) and methods based on the methodology of structural and psychological analysis were used. The study involved 172 people – students and teachers of universities in Yaroslavl and Moscow. The results of the study. Statistically significant correlations of the individual measure of the development of metacognitive factors, as well as the degree and nature of their organization on the properties of the locus of control (p<0.05) were revealed. For the first time, it was established that there are regular connections and relationships between the locus of control as a generalized personal quality and an individual measure of the severity of reflexivity, manifested in a number of complementary aspects and explicating their multidimensional complex nature. The internal locus of control is in direct connection with the measure of the severity of reflexivity, whereas the external locus of control is associated with a relatively lower degree of its severity. Discussion of the results and conclusion. A number of new data have been obtained that reveal and explain the general pattern consisting in the existence of significant inter-determinational relations between the locus of control and reflexivity, as well as the main components of the metacognitive sphere of personality. The revealed patterns of connections between the locus of control and reflexivity are enhanced under the influence of activity determination, that is, on the contingent of subjects implementing educational activity. This phenomenon, consisting in the strengthening influence of professional activity on the functional role of the locus of control factor in it, is designated as the phenomenon of activity facilitation.

ANALYSIS OF MODERN METHODS OF THE FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE ENTERPRISE EVALUATION

The article investigates scientific approaches to the financial condition of enterprises analysis. The main methods of assessing the financial condition of enterprises are identified. The problem of financial recovery of enterprises in the context of strengthening their financial condition is considered. The essence of financial recovery of enterprises according to different approaches is analyzed, the ways of financial recovery in uncertainty conditions are given. The following methods of economic phenomena research and processes are used: scientific abstraction (theoretical generalizations of the most essential approaches to financial recovery), graphic (schematic visualization of algorithm of realization of financial recovery of the enterprises). The main tasks for a comprehensive assessment of the financial condition of enterprises are indicated. Different approaches to the definition of the category «comprehensive assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise» are analyzed. The advantages of introducing a comprehensive assessment of the financial condition of enterprises have been established. As a result of the existing methods and models analysis for assessing the financial condition of enterprises, it is determined that for the implementation of decision-making procedures there is a need to choose the optimal mathematical apparatus taking into account the specifics of solving a particular financial problem. It is proposed to formalize financial objects on the basis of artificial intelligence devices. In particular, the theory of fuzzy sets allows taking into account the different parameters of the object under study, as well as to stratify the evaluation process and analyze a powerful set of evaluation parameters. The theory of neural networks allows solving the problems of pattern recognition and formation, obtaining and storing knowledge (empirically found regular connections of images and influences on the object of control), qualitative characteristics of images evaluation, decision-making. The theory of genetic algorithms allows the debugging of models that solve the problem of compiling different schedules, forecasting economic processes, designing complex systems and more. It is substantiated that the use of fuzzy sets, neural networks and genetic algorithms in assessing the financial condition of the enterprise is a promising area of financial decision support systems development.

An iterative heuristic for passenger-centric train timetabling with integrated adaption times

In this paper we present a method to construct a periodic timetable from a tactical planning perspective. We aim at constructing a timetable that is feasible with respect to infrastructure constraints and minimizes total perceived passenger travel time. In addition to in-train and transfer times, our notion of perceived passenger time includes the adaption time (waiting time at the origin station). Adaption time minimization allows us to avoid strict frequency regularity constraints and, at the same time, to ensure regular connections between passengers’ origins and destinations. The combination of adaption time minimization and infrastructure constraints satisfaction makes the problem very challenging.The described periodic timetabling problem can be modelled as an extension of a Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP) formulation, but requires huge computing times if it is directly solved by a general-purpose solver for instances of realistic size. In this paper, we propose a heuristic approach consisting of two phases that are executed iteratively. First, we solve a mixed-integer linear program to determine an ideal timetable that minimizes the total perceived passenger travel time but neglects infrastructure constraints. Then, a Lagrangian-based heuristic makes the timetable feasible with respect to infrastructure constraints by modifying train departure and arrival times as little as possible. The obtained feasible timetable is then evaluated to compute the resulting total perceived passenger travel time, and a feedback is sent to the Lagrangian-based heuristic so as to possibly improve the obtained timetable from the passenger perspective, while still respecting infrastructure constraints. We illustrate the proposed iterative heuristic approach on real-life instances of Netherlands Railways and compare it to a benchmark approach, showing that it finds a feasible timetable very close to the ideal one.

2D Polymer Nanosheets for Membrane Separation.

Since the discovery of single‐layer graphene in 2004, the family of 2D inorganic nanosheets is considered as ideal membrane materials due to their ultrathin atomic thickness and fascinating physicochemical properties. However, the intrinsically nonporous feature of 2D inorganic nanosheets hinders their potential to achieve a higher flux to some extent. Recently, 2D polymer nanosheets, originated from the regular and periodic covalent connection of the building units in 2D plane, have emerged as promising candidates for preparing ultrafast and highly selective membranes owing to their inherently tunable and ordered pore structure, light weight, and high specific surface. In this review, the synthetic methodologies (including top–down and bottom–up methods) of 2D polymer nanosheets are first introduced, followed by the summary of 2D polymer nanosheets‐based membrane fabrication as well as membrane applications in the fields of gas separation, water purification, organic solvent separation, and ion exchange/transport in fuel cells and lithium‐sulfur batteries. Finally, based on their current achievements, the authors’ personal insights are put forward into the existing challenges and future research directions of 2D polymer nanosheets for membrane separation. The authors believe this comprehensive review on 2D polymer nanosheets‐based membrane separation will definitely inspire more studies in this field.

Developing indicators of age-friendly neighbourhood environments for urban and rural communities across 20 low-, middle-, and high-income countries

BackgroundBy 2050, the global population of adults 60 + will reach 2.1 billion, surging fastest in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed indicators of age-friendly urban environments, but these criteria have been challenging to apply in rural areas and LMIC. This study fills this gap by adapting the WHO indicators to such settings and assessing variation in their availability by community-level urbanness and country-level income.MethodsWe used data from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study’s environmental-assessment tools, which integrated systematic social observation and ecometrics to reliably capture community-level environmental features associated with cardiovascular-disease risk factors. The results of a scoping review guided selection of 18 individual indicators across six distinct domains, with data available for 496 communities in 20 countries, including 382 communities (77%) in LMIC. Finally, we used both factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) approaches to describe relationships between indicators and domains, as well as detailing the extent to which these relationships held true within groups defined by urbanness and income.ResultsTogether, the results of the FAMD and MTMM approaches indicated substantial variation in the relationship of individual indicators to each other and to broader domains, arguing against the development of an overall score and extending prior evidence demonstrating the need to adapt the WHO framework to the local context. Communities in high-income countries generally ranked higher across the set of indicators, but regular connections to neighbouring towns via bus (95%) and train access (76%) were most common in low-income countries. The greatest amount of variation by urbanness was seen in the number of streetscape-greenery elements (33 such elements in rural areas vs. 55 in urban), presence of traffic lights (18% vs. 67%), and home-internet availability (25% vs. 54%).ConclusionsThis study indicates the extent to which environmental supports for healthy ageing may be less readily available to older adults residing in rural areas and LMIC and augments calls to tailor WHO’s existing indicators to a broader range of communities in order to achieve a critical aspect of distributional equity in an ageing world.

Importance of primary care for underserved cancer patients with multiple chronic conditions.

To understand the impact of pre-existing conditions on healthcare utilization among under- and uninsured patients in the transition from cancer treatment to post-treatment survivorship. Using electronic health record data, we constructed a cohort of patients seen in an integrated county health system between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2016. Six hundred thirty-one adult patients diagnosed with non-metastatic breast or colorectal cancer during this period (cases) were matched 1:1 on sex and Charlson comorbidity index to non-cancer patients who had at least two chronic conditions and with at least one visit to the health system during the study period (controls). Conditional fixed effects Poisson regression models compared number of primary care and emergency department (ED) visits and completed [vs. no show or missed] appointments between cancer and non-cancer patients. Cancer patients had significantly lower number of visits compared with non-cancer patients (N = 46,965 vs. 85,038). Cancer patients were less likely to have primary care (IRR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.27) and ED visits (IRR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.64) but more likely to complete a scheduled appointment (AOR = 4.83; 95% CI: 4.32, 5.39) compared with non-cancer patients. Cancer patients seen in primary care at a higher rate were more likely to visit the ED (IRR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.80) than those seen in primary care at a lower rate. Health systems need to find innovative, effective solutions to increase primary care utilization among cancer patients with chronic care conditions to ensure optimal management of both chronic conditions and cancer. Maintaining regular connections with primary care providers during active cancer treatment should be promoted.

МЕТОДИ ТА ЗАСОБИ ВЕРТИКАЛЬНО-ПАРАЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОШУКУ В МАСИВАХ МАКСИМАЛЬНИХ І МІНІМАЛЬНИХ ЧИСЕЛ

The current stage of development of information technology is characterized by the expansion of the applications, much of which is associated with the accumulation of large data sets and parallel data searching in real-time. Such applications include automated systems for multi-level control of technological processes and complex objects, where at the lower levels of such systems is the accumulation of large data sets and their processing in real time. The main source in these systems are different sensors and devices that generate telemetric data. That is why it is very crucial to preprocess this data in real-time for finding further issues. One of the optimal ways for implementing it, is to use hardware approach like programmable logic device (PLD) with FPGA type. For resolving this issue in the article were analyzed the recent research and publications and has shown that the disadvantage of existing methods and algorithms for finding the maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays is that they are not focused on hardware implementation by using PLD with FPGA type. It is shown that the development of high-speed hardware for finding maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays should be carried out with an integrated approach, which includes methods, algorithms, structures and modern LPD and should be based on the following principles: homogeneity and regularity of structure; localization and simplification of connections between elements; modularity of construction; pipeline and spatial parallelism of data processing; consistency of the intensity of the discharge of bit sections with the intensity of their processing in the device. The basic operations for the implementation of algorithms for vertical-parallel search of maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays are highlighted and it is shown that they are based on the same type of basic operations with local and regular connections. In the article was developed the method of vertical-parallel searching of maximum and minimum numbers in arrays, which due to parallel processing of the first bit of an array of numbers and parallel formation of control words provides reduction of search time, which is mainly determined by bit numbers. Improved vertical-parallel method of simultaneous search of maximum and minimum numbers in two-dimensional arrays, which due to the simultaneous processing of p one-dimensional arrays and the use of the displacement method reduces the search time by p times compared to the existing method. It is shown that the time of vertical-parallel search of maximum and minimum numbers in one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays is determined by the bit size of numbers, not their numbers. It is determined that the use of a common bus for formatting of the i-th bit of the maximum (minimum) number and the parallel formation of control words provides an increasing in the processing frequency of bit slices of one-dimensional array. It is determined that the amount of FPGA hardware resources that required for implementation a device for vertical-parallel searching of maximum and minimum numbers in a one-dimensional array mainly depends on the size of the array of numbers, and search time on their bit size.