SCFs for CHS-to-CHS T- and X-type moment-loaded end connections: Proposal for formulae

Abstract

The research presented in this paper is part of a series of efforts to develop design recommendations for hollow structural section (HSS) connections situated at the end of a truss (or frame) under fatigue loading. Full-sized circular hollow section (CHS)-to-CHS regular and end connections (with open chord ends and chord-end cap plates) were tested under branch in-plane bending to measure strain concentrations at the critical locations. This experimental data was then used to verify a finite element (FE) modelling approach. An FE parametric study (totaling 1120 FE models, including 560 T-type connections and 560 X-type connections) was then carried out to investigate the effects of different chord end boundary conditions (i.e., varied chord end lengths, and open versus cap-plated chord ends). The effects of branch-to-chord width (β), chord slenderness (2γ) ratios and branch-to-chord thickness (τ) were also investigated. It was found that the stress concentration factors (SCFs) in end connections are sensitive to the boundary conditions (i.e., open chord end versus with chord-end cap plate) and all three non-dimensional parameters (β, 2γ and τ). Therefore, SCF correction factors based on e/b0, β, 2γ and τ, are derived for use with existing SCF formulae in CIDECT Design Guide 8.