Southern Regions Of Russia Research Articles

PSX-25 The distribution of runs of homozygosity in nine native Russian sheep breeds

Abstract Native coarse wool fat-tailed sheep breeds are the main producers of mutton in mountainous, steppe and semi-desert regions of Southern Russia. An assessment of homozygosity is required to prevent loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression onset. The aim of our work is estimation of genomic inbreeding and distribution of the runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments in Russian sheep breeds. Sample collection included Andean (n = 20), Buryat (n = 18), Buubei (n = 11), Edilbai (n = 20), Karachaev (n = 20), Kalmyk (n = 22), Karakul (n = 20), and Lezgin (n = 15) breeds. All sheep were genotyped using Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip (Illumina, USA). Quality control and raw data processing were performed in PLINK 1.9. A consecutive runs method implemented in the R package “detectRUNS” was used for estimation of ROH segments. We detected the ROH in all breeds with mean length ranging from 0.35 in Lezgin to 11.18 Mb in Karachaev. Andean had the greatest number of the ROH segments (total of 8496), while 3094 ROH segments were found in Buubei. Short ROH segments (< 2 Mb) were predominant in all breeds and varied from 96.83% in Andean to 99.87% in Buubei. The frequencies of the ROH segments of 8–16 Mb ranged from 0.03% in Karakul to 0.18% in Andean. ROH segments of 8–16 Mb did not occur in the Buubei and Lezgin breeds. The ROH segments were found on all autosomes. The largest genome coverage in the ROH was identified on OAR1, OAR 12 and OAR 20 and the lowest was accounted for OAR 17, OAR 18 and OAR 19. The values FROH ranged from 0.042 in Buubei to 0.084 in Andean. Except of Andean, no traces of long-term inbreeding were detected in local breeds. The obtained data are relevant for future sustainable management of native fat-tailed sheep breeds in Russia. The study was funded by RSF No. 19-16-00070.

Priority National Projects as a Tool of Social, Economic and Political Modernization of Old Industrial Regions of the South of Russia

Introduction. In the current political process in Russia, national projects occupy an important place, working as one of the main tools for the achievement of national goals. The projects are usually made more specific at the regional level of administration and include the strategic goal of regional development, the amount of resources allocated for their achievement, as well as the responsibility of the officials for their use. The article examines the impact of implementing national projects of the “first wave” (from 2006–2010 to 2018) and the first results of the projects of the “second wave” (designed for 2019–2024) on solving the problems of effectiveness growth of public administration of the balanced development of old industrial regions of Southern Russia – Volgograd and Rostov regions. The problems of this study are justified by the expansion of using program-targeted methods in the organizational environment of regional management, what implies the need to assess the compliance of the results achieved during the implementation of projects with the goals of state regional policy. Methodology and methods. The research methodology is based on the provisions of the concept of sustainable development, as well as the system paradigm of G.B. Kleiner devoted to the need for the interconnected development of the object, environment and control subsystems. In the study of the effectiveness of national projects and their impact on the balanced development of old industrial regions of the South of Russia, the effective approach and the comparative analysis method were used. Analysis. The study shows that the degree of involvement of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in implementing program activities of national projects is determined by the volumes of regional budgets, as well as the priorities facing a region. From the standpoint of sustainability and balance of regional development, there is a disagreement in the processes of modernization changes in the subsystems of the object, environment and management, what leads to the underutilization of the resource potential of the regions in the achievement of national goals. Results. The priorities of goal setting in Volgograd and Rostov regions in the implementation of national projects are studied. The feedbacks of the regional system to the measures mentioned in national projects, as well as limiting factors for the achievement of their objectives are identified. The idea of the coordinated development of the object, environment and management subsystems of a region for the effectiveness growth of public administration of the balanced regional development is substantiated. It is concluded that the administration and management of modern national projects is not so much a managerial task but rather a political one, and therefore their implementation implies the solution of such political goals as carefulness in setting goals and choosing priorities, building effective mechanisms of the interaction between federal and regional authorities, and also with local target population.

The concept of the settlements’ urban linear spaces formation in the southern region of Russia (on the example of Taganrog street in Rostov-on-Don)

Modern urban development policy in our country is aimed at creating a comfortable environment for settlements. The Federal Program “Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment for 2018-2022” adopted in the country, provides for a set of measures aimed at improving the quality and comfort of the environment in the settlements territories in order to improve the ecological state and the cities’ appearance. Such attention to the public space of the cities is determined primarily by the fact that they are the important urban development nodes, which generally determine the appearance of the city, its sanitary and hygienic indicators, aesthetic characteristics, etc.

Mapping of the distribution and development of phytopathogens in wheat and barley by the NextGIS application

There have been carried out the route surveys to assess the development and distribution of the main pathogens of wheat and barley in 57 districts ofKrasnodar,StavropolTerritoriesand Rostov Region. The collection, organization and analysis of information on the damage degree of the production and breeding sowings of these grain crops by the main pathogens was conducted using a single spatial information environment designed by the Russian company “NextGIS”. During the field surveys, there have been included the data on the resistance to causative agents of yellow leaf spot of wheat, wheat Septoria leaf spot, powdery mildew on wheat and barley, rust diseases on wheat and barley, net spot of barley, and brown spot of barley into the program. In addition, while filling in the survey card, there were taken into account the date and time of the assessment, the phase of development of the grain crop, the variety; there was carried out a photographic fixation of the examined plants. In the field, there was used the freely distributed NextGIS Mobile software, installed on mobile digital devices (smartphones) running by the Android operating system. According to the results of field surveys using the NextGIS QGIS full-featured desktop geographic information system there were prepared thematic cartographic materials of the main wheat and barley pathogens in the southern region ofRussia. The collected long-term data of phytosanitary surveys will allow conducting a temporary analysis of the spatial distribution of pathogens in the studied area. This information can be useful for specialists dealing with plant protection, for employees of breeding institutions who develop varieties resistant to economically significant diseases of grain crops. The data can be used also by a wide range of specialists engaged in plant breeding who conduct field surveys and account any parameters of plant conditions, harmful facilities and the environment, as well as by the consumers of such information.

The reproductive inhibitory effects of levonorgestrel, quinestrol, and EP-1 in Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

BackgroundRodent pests can inflict devastating impacts on agriculture and the environment, leading to significant economic damage associated with their high species diversity, reproductive rates and adaptability. Fertility control methods could indirectly control rodent pest populations as well as limit ecological consequences and environmental concerns caused by lethal chemical poisons. Brandt’s voles, which are common rodent pests found in the grasslands of middle-eastern Inner Mongolia, eastern regions of Mongolia, and some regions of southern Russia, were assessed in the present study.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of a 2-mg/kg dose of levonorgestrel and quinestrol and a 1:1 mixture of the two (EP-1) on reproductive behavior as well as changes in the reproductive system, reproductive hormone levels, and toxicity in Brandt’s voles.ResultsOur results revealed that all three fertility control agents can cause reproductive inhibition at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. However, quinestrol caused a greater degree of toxicity, as determined by visible liver damage and reduced expression of the detoxifying molecule CYP1A2. Of the remaining two fertility control agents, EP-1 was superior to levonorgestrel in inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and causing reproductive inhibition. We believe that these findings could help promote the use of these fertility control agents and, in turn, reduce the use of chemical poisons and limit their detrimental ecological and environmental impacts.

Analysis of promising methods of irrigation and melioration techniques of crops in arid climate

The paper discusses the problems of optimal regulation of soil water regime under crops. In particular, the water regime of the soil and the experience of irrigation of crops in the conditions of the arid climate of the Lower Volga region are analyzed and promising methods of irrigation and irrigation techniques of crops, including potatoes, are also considered. The conducted research allows us to analyze and summarize the accumulated experience of growing potatoes under irrigation conditions, as well as formulate a number of General provisions for improving the efficiency of reclamation in a dry climate. In addition, studies have shown that despite the high price of irrigation systems, the use of sprinkling is cost-effective in the Southern regions of Russia, where the temperature factor is one of the reasons for the decline in the potato crop. In contrast to mobile machines, stationary sprinkler irrigation systems provide flexible regulation of the irrigation rate and optimal watering frequency. It is noted that another important advantage of sprinkler irrigation is the possibility of using it for processing crops with direct and systemic pesticides. Observations made in experiments have shown that the use of pesticides and sprinkler irrigation makes it possible to virtually eliminate the possibility of various diseases in plants.

Wind Energy in the Southern Regions of Russia: History, Current State and Development Prospects

The article relevance is to suggest possible principle of resort regions activities improving by modern technological innovation adaptation. There were applied methods of comparative, statistical analysis, synthesis, content analysis, economic modeling and data on resort and spa sector functioning and wind power plants construction and implementation. The development strategy of wind energy involves the creation of completely new industry; the task is not only to construct wind power plants (WPP), but also create system of technical regulation, training, organization of localization of wind turbine production, its certification and development. Solving this problem requires formation of new competencies for creation and management of wind farms, organization of wind turbines mass production, organization of after-sales services, competencies in marketing, development and sales of new products.

Energy Saving Potential of Industrial Solar Collectors in Southern Regions of Russia: The Case of Krasnodar Region

Industrial low-temperature processes are a promising sector for the introduction of solar collectors, which can partially, and in some cases, completely, replace traditional heat supply technologies. In Krasnodar Region (Russia), it is shown that the energy-saving potential when introducing industrial solar collectors only at food industry enterprises can make up 16%–17% of the total amount of thermal energy produced in the region annually. The global market of industrial solar collectors is currently developing almost without any government incentives, only due to market mechanisms, which indicates the commercial attractiveness of the technology. According to the predicted estimates, levelized cost of energy produced by industrial solar collectors in the southern regions of Russia may amount to 3.8–6.6 rubles per kWh. Even though the forecast estimates are higher than current tariffs, the economic feasibility of using solar collectors in the industry increases significantly if it is not possible to connect to centralized heating networks, as well as in the case of the seasonal load of industrial facilities. As a measure of state incentives for the development of industrial solar collectors in Russia, we offer state co-financing of demonstration projects of Russian manufacturers. This will increase the level of awareness of the population and businesses about the capabilities of this technology. Also, it will increase the technical competencies and innovative potential of companies involved in the production and installation of solar collectors.

Dynamics of demand in the labor market in the southern regions of Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic

The events taking place in 2020 in the world in general and in Russia in particular have dramatically shaken up all spheres of public life. The quarantine measures have significantly blocked the channels of business interaction and enabled a pause mode in a wide range of economic processes. The state of the labor market during the crisis period is a defining indicator that demonstrates the strategies of employers and employees. This article studies the dynamics of a key indicator of the labor market — the demand for labor in the southern regions of Russia. The author aims to analyze the dynamics of labor market demand in a number of cities in southern regions of Russia in the key periods of spring 2020 events associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis covers six cities of southern Russia, located in different regions and significantly different specific structure of the economic sphere. The indicators of the southern regions as a whole were considered separately, which allowed to diagnose their condition and draw conclusions about ther particular “painful” dependencies. The labor market of the southern Russian cities is characterized by stable seasonality structures and highly specialized orientation in a number of territories. These private characteristics have a direct impact on complex economic indicators. The eployment of quarantine measures on the eve of the holiday season and preventive saturation with epidemiological security measures of the tourist business in the country threatened to turn into an economic disaster for a number of territories. The novelty of this topic lies in the fact that the forced lockdown had an external character and it highlighted a significant dependence of economic actions of business on the decisions of the authorities. The new conditions of destabilization were a test of stability of organizational links of different spheres of public life. An essential factor that destabilized the behavior of key labor market participants was the mass media, which spread false or unverified information. The author draws a conclusion about the characteristic avalanche-like declines and rises in demand in the labor market of the southern regions and about the uneven distribution of reactions in different cities with similar geographical locations.

Наблюдение развития озимых культур в южных регионах России весной 2020 г. на основе данных дистанционного мониторинга

Наблюдение развития озимых культур в южных регионах России весной 2020 г. на основе данных дистанционного мониторинга

Ecotourism as a factor of the development of off-season tourism in southern Russia

This paper, provided by the authors, focuses on the prospects for the development of ecotourism in the southern Russia. In recent years, ecotourism is becoming increasingly common in the modern world. According to experts, in the past decade, ecotourism has developed three times faster than the tourism industry as a whole. The southern regions of Russia, for a number of objective and subjective reasons, have all the conditions for the development of tourism. They own vast environmental resources, the use of which, along with the dynamically growing demand for tourism services, will naturally lead to intensification of the development of infrastructure and the territorial organization of ecotourism.

Mechanisms for the modernization of regions having agricultural specialization in the imperatives of the digital economy

The purpose of this article is to study from the perspective of a balanced modernization development of the region the mechanisms of actively involving the agribusiness sector in this process, which in a number of Russian regions of relevant specialization is considered as the main driver of their strategic socio-economic development. The methodological base of the study is formed on the basis of the convergence of systemic, synergetic and evolutionary approaches, as well as the basic principles of theories of regional economics and regional governance, the economic landscape, spatial distribution and use of resources and productive forces. The article analyzes the state and trends of the modernization development of agro-industrial complexes in the regions of southern Russia from the perspective of solving the problem of balanced socio-economic development of their territories in modern imperatives of informatization and digitalization. The authors demonstrate the possibilities of intellectualizing the potential management processes of regional and interregional agricultural holding structures. It is shown that the use of adaptive, taking into account the agricultural specialization of the regions, tools for supporting management decision-making in the field of regional agribusiness will contribute to its involvement in the regionwide dynamics ofmodernization.

Composite Material Based on Plant Raw Materials

Modern global trends show the preferred low-rise construction, even in large cities. Lightweight concrete is the most common material for low-rise construction. Existing lightweight concrete with the wood residues addition have several disadvantages due to the properties of the aggregate. In the southern regions of Russia, walnut grows in large quantities. Only a small part of the shell is processed, the rest is buried in the ground or burned. The proposed aggregate from crushed walnut shell has several advantages compared to the traditional natural organic fillers: low water demand and decay, high strength. The nutshell in the composition has sugars, which are the cement poisons, there are no data in the literature on the crushed shell technical characteristics. Thus, it is required to determine the crushed shell technical characteristics, to choose a processing method reducing the water-soluble sugars amount in the shell, to select the lightweight concrete composition, ensuring its optimal characteristics. The new kind of lightweight concrete will have characteristics different from existing analogues.

Conservation agriculture: new crop production technologies

Among the arguments in favor of new crop production technologies are the need for improvement of regional ecology and biodiversity, and high-quality biological products. Methods for reducing crop losses caused by air and soil droughts in the central and southern regions of Russia were analyzed. Field observations (2010-2016) were carried out using a crop rotation scheme of experimental fields with a wide range of crop varieties: wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, peas, chickpeas, alfalfa, and flax. The purpose of the article is to assess regional characteristics of effective soil fertility using different resource-saving technologies. Biological productivity (regional, local) was used as an integral indicator of effectiveness of agricultural technologies and crop yields. High effective fertility was observed when using a zero agrotechnology in Volgograd region and minimum tillage method in Stavropol region. The need for the control of soil fungistasis as a basis of biological activity of the soil and long-term improvement of effective fertility of the arable land was emphasized.

RESULTS OF EXPEDITIONS CARRIED OUT BY KRYMSK EXPERIMENT BREEDING STATION OF VIR TO COLLECT WILD AND RUN-WILD FRUIT AND BERRY PLANTS IN SOUTHERN REGIONS OF RUSSIA

Since the beginning of the 2000s, the ecological and climatic situation in southern regions of Russia has deteriorated sig­nificantly due to the increased anthropogenic impact. In particular, the Republic of Crimea, especially its steppe zone, has been experiencing a real ecological disaster since 2016 because of water deficiency due to the drying up of the North-Crimean Canal after it has been blocked by Ukraine. All this makes it urgent to search for and collect wild and run-wild plant species in their natural habitats, and con­serve them in controlled conditions at VIR’s branches. Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station has developed a long-term plan for conducting expeditions to collect stone fruit and berry genetic resources for augmenting VIR’s collec­tions. This plan is being implemented on a regular basis. The goal of this work is to explore natural habitats, collect fruit and berry plant diversity, further maintain it in field collections at Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, and comprehensively study it with the aim of identifying sources of economically important traits for creating new highly adaptive and technologically advanced varieties and root­stocks. Expeditions were conducted in 2016–2018 in southern areas of the steppe zone and northern steppe regions of Krasno­dar Territory, Volgograd Province, in southeastern regions of Rostov Province, and in the Republic of Crimea. It was es­tablished by field surveys that wild stone fruit plants are found everywhere much less frequently than it was ob­served in previous years, when similar expeditions were launched to these areas. All in all, this work resulted in col­lecting 222 samples of typical representatives of the studied fruit and berry species from the areas of their natural oc­currence. All of them were placed in the nursery of Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, got established well, and thus augmented the VIR collection of fruit and berry crops. In view of the observed tendency of the natural distribution areas being reduced for a number of wild stone fruit species due to global climatic changes and recent increase of the an­thropogenic impact, it is necessary to continue conducting expeditions to collect genotypes, especially of such species as ground cherry and Russian almond. In the near future, it is planned to explore the mountainous and Caspian regions in the Republic of Dagestan.

АДАПТАЦИЯ ЛИНЕЙНОГО КЛЕТОЧНОГО АВТОМАТА ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ НА БАЗЕ ПРИРОДНО- ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ВРЕМЕННЫХ РЯДОВ

Цель: данная статья продолжает исследование по использованию математических методов нелинейной динамики при разработке и адаптации математических методов и прогнозных моделей для анализа временных рядов урожайностей озимой пшеницы регионов юга России. Обсуждение: в качестве инструментального средства рассматривается линейный клеточный аппарат, способный наглядно показать и наиболее точно спрогнозировать поведение наблюдаемой системы. Исследуются значения показателей урожайности озимой пшеницы регионов юга России. Выбор данных рядов обусловлен следующим фактом – каждый содержит разное количество статистических данных, причем некоторые из изученных рядов представляют малую выборку. В работе показано, что составление достаточно точного прогноза возможно на основе малого количества данных. Результаты: в данной статье раскрывается применимость для прогнозирования нелинейных динамических систем с помощью линейного клеточного автомата, ко- торый решает вопрос так называемых «малых выборок».

The impact of fiscal policy on the socio-economic situation in southern regions of Russia

The impact of fiscal policy on the socio-economic situation in southern regions of Russia

Absorption-based Mono-ethanolamine Treatment of Associated Petroleum Gas. Part 1

The paper presents an absorption-based method to treat associated petroleum gas (APG) using the mono-ethanolamine (MEA) as an absorbent. Involving oiler’s specific data in the southern regions of Russia, an APG treating unit has been developed to take out hydrogen sulfide. The extracted hydrogen sulfide can be used to obtain elemental sulfur. The development object is a treating APG unit.The work objective was to develop an absorber for APG treating to take out hydrogen sulfide by means of regenerated MEA aqueous solution. The work was aimed at reducing environmental pollution when using associated petroleum gas as an energy utility.A plate-shaped absorber model was used. In this design, the liquid enters the upper plate, moves horizontally along the plates, from the overflow from the overlying one towards the overflow to the underlying one, and outlets through the lower part of the absorber.The paper offers an option of the unit for APG treating for removing hydrogen sulfide with the elemental sulfur further produced by the Claus process to solve this problem through using APG as an industrial and domestic gas.The work has involved a complete calculation of the two-component absorption process, a design calculation of the plate-shaped absorber, in particular, determination of the cowl wall thickness, a fitting selection, a calculation of the foundation bolts taking into account the wind load on the absorption column, a rationale for the option chosen, and a calculation of the complete desorption process.In entering the desorber, the absorbent undergoes a single liquid and vapour phase evaporation. To calculate a mole fraction of the stripping initial absorbent, as well as phase compositions, is used a Tregubov method.

Диагностические признаки представителей рода Robinia L. по генеративным показателям в интродукционных популяциях

Promising forms of various species of the genus Robinia L., which are of great interest for enriching the gene pool of cultivated woody plants in arid regions. Genetic diversity is an important condition for the ability of populations to adapt to environmental changes. The higher the genetic heterogeneity, the greater the ability of the species to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The aim of the research is to inventory the species and form diversity of introduced Robinia populations and develop their diagnostic features based on the study of the structure and development of generative organs. The objects of research were introduced populations of different species and forms of the genus Robinia: R. adhesive-R. viscosa Vent.; R. neomexicana – R. neomexicana A. Gray; R. liegacy – R. pseudoacacia L., which grow in a cluster collectible parts FNTS Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences, cadastre №34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. The results of the inventory collection funds has allowed to establish that the parental lines FNTS Agroecology wounds there are forms Robinia pseudoacacia and Robinia neomexicana, differing significantly from the typical representatives (Robinia neomexicana: R. neomexicana f. pale pink, R. neomexicana f. pale purple; Robinia pseudoacacia R. pseudoacacia f. postseconda). They are represented by large introduced populations (age 15 years), maintaining the number of which is due to natural vegetative and generative methods of reproduction. Analysis of natural distribution areas revealed that The most polymorphic species is considered to be Robinia neomexicana Grey (Robinia neomexicana Grey). In Russia it is often cultivated and is described, entitled Robinia lush (R. luxurians (Dieck) S. K. Schneid.). Developed diagnostic features characteristic of the selected forms and typical representatives of different species of the genus Robinia. Among them: the color of the Corolla and calyx, calyx structure, pubescence, the presence of a wing on the fruit, fruit size, generative axis of inflorescences, the average size of inflorescences, the number of inflorescences on the shoot, the duration of flowering terms. An important diagnostic feature in the identification of species of the genus Robinia is the structure of the calyx. The measurements showed that only Robinia pseudoacacia has fully fused upper sepals (adaxial sinus is not more than 0.3-0.6 mm). Cups R. neomexicana and R. viscosa and even R. pseudoacacia f. postseconda sometimes have distinct adaxial sinus to 4.5 mm. the Size of the flowers and the average number of flowers per inflorescence differs slightly. So, the average number of flowers varies from 20.5 units (Robinia neomexicana) to 22.3 (R. neomexicana f. pale purple). The sizes of inflorescences and the number of inflorescences on a shoot (during spring mass flowering) significantly differ. Fruits of R. viscosa Vent., R. neomexicana A. Gray (including forms) have side seams of equal width (wing absent). In addition, the fruits of R. pseudoacacia and its late-flowering form are always glabrous, the fruits of R. neomexicana A. Gray and its forms are bristly, and the fruits of R. viscosa Vent. - glandular-bristly (sticky in the immature state). The features of the structure and development of generative organs are analyzed, the seed productivity and fruit productivity of various species and forms of the genus Robinia are determined. It was revealed that the highest generative potential in arid climate has R. pseudoacacia and its forms, and the lowest – representatives of R. viscosa. A high percentage of set seeds (number of ovules/number of set seeds) was observed in R. pseudoacacia and its late-flowering form (more than 70%). Representatives of R. viscosa Vent had a low percentage of set seeds. and R. neomexicana A. Gray f. pale purple. The setability of seeds of typical representatives of R. neomexicana A. Gray was more than 60%. It was revealed that the most abundant and long - flowering species in arid conditions of the Lower Volga region is R. viscosa Vent. Widespread in the culture were two species: R. pseudoacacia L. and R. viscosa Vent. Robinia pseudoacacia, which has the largest range of natural distribution, has a wide range of adaptive capabilities and is easier to adapt to new conditions of existence in the process of introduction. This advantage allowed R. pseudoacacia to receive the widest distribution in culture not only in North America, but also in Russia. The second kind is R. viscosa Vent. it has the narrowest area of natural distribution, however, high decorative properties and, as a consequence, the active use of this species in the objects of gardening, allowed to significantly expand the area of its secondary distribution in North America, Europe and southern regions of Russia. Clustering of the main diagnostic signs revealed the belonging of the selected forms to a particular species, which is confirmed by the results of correlation analysis.

To the estimation of damping of seismic body waves in the Elbrus volcanic area

The problem of the origin and development of hazardous endogenous processes in the southern regions of Russia is considered. According to the results of the analysis of data obtained by means of the regional seismic network, there were estimated the Q-factor of the layered geophysical medium as well as damping of elastic body waves. The new results testifying in favor of the hypothesis on the likely area of upcoming fluid-magmatic processes in the Elbrus volcanic region are considered.